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Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol; Petia Radeva |

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Boosted Landmarks of Contextual Descriptors and Forest-ECOC: a Novel Framework to Detect and Classify Objects in Cluttered Scenes |
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2007 |
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MILAB;HuPBA |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EPR2007c |
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907 |
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Author |
Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol; Petia Radeva |

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Title |
Detection of Complex Salient Regions |
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2008 |
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EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2008, article ID451389, 11 pages |
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MILAB;HuPBA |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EPR2008b |
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960 |
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Author |
Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol; Petia Radeva |

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Title |
Separability of Ternary Codes for Sparse Designs of Error-Correcting Output Codes |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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30 |
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3 |
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285–297 |
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Error Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) represent a successful framework to deal with multi-class categorization problems based on combining binary classifiers. In this paper, we present a new formulation of the ternary ECOC distance and the error-correcting capabilities in the ternary ECOC framework. Based on the new measure, we stress on how to design coding matrices preventing codification ambiguity and propose a new Sparse Random coding matrix with ternary distance maximization. The results on the UCI Repository and in a real speed traffic categorization problem show that when the coding design satisfies the new ternary measures, significant performance improvement is obtained independently of the decoding strategy applied. |
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MILAB;HuPBA |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EPR2009a |
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1153 |
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Author |
Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol; Petia Radeva |

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Title |
Traffic sign recognition system with β -correction |
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2010 |
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Machine Vision and Applications |
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MVA |
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21 |
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2 |
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99–111 |
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Traffic sign classification represents a classical application of multi-object recognition processing in uncontrolled adverse environments. Lack of visibility, illumination changes, and partial occlusions are just a few problems. In this paper, we introduce a novel system for multi-class classification of traffic signs based on error correcting output codes (ECOC). ECOC is based on an ensemble of binary classifiers that are trained on bi-partition of classes. We classify a wide set of traffic signs types using robust error correcting codings. Moreover, we introduce the novel β-correction decoding strategy that outperforms the state-of-the-art decoding techniques, classifying a high number of classes with great success. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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0932-8092 |
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MILAB;HUPBA |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EPR2010a |
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1276 |
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Author |
Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol; Petia Radeva |

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Title |
On the Decoding Process in Ternary Error-Correcting Output Codes |
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2010 |
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IEEE on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
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TPAMI |
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32 |
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1 |
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120–134 |
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A common way to model multiclass classification problems is to design a set of binary classifiers and to combine them. Error-correcting output codes (ECOC) represent a successful framework to deal with these type of problems. Recent works in the ECOC framework showed significant performance improvements by means of new problem-dependent designs based on the ternary ECOC framework. The ternary framework contains a larger set of binary problems because of the use of a ldquodo not carerdquo symbol that allows us to ignore some classes by a given classifier. However, there are no proper studies that analyze the effect of the new symbol at the decoding step. In this paper, we present a taxonomy that embeds all binary and ternary ECOC decoding strategies into four groups. We show that the zero symbol introduces two kinds of biases that require redefinition of the decoding design. A new type of decoding measure is proposed, and two novel decoding strategies are defined. We evaluate the state-of-the-art coding and decoding strategies over a set of UCI machine learning repository data sets and into a real traffic sign categorization problem. The experimental results show that, following the new decoding strategies, the performance of the ECOC design is significantly improved. |
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0162-8828 |
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MILAB;HUPBA |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EPR2010b |
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1277 |
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