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Ajian Liu; Xuan Li; Jun Wan; Yanyan Liang; Sergio Escalera; Hugo Jair Escalante; Meysam Madadi; Yi Jin; Zhuoyuan Wu; Xiaogang Yu; Zichang Tan; Qi Yuan; Ruikun Yang; Benjia Zhou; Guodong Guo; Stan Z. Li |
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Title |
Cross-ethnicity Face Anti-spoofing Recognition Challenge: A Review |
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2020 |
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IET Biometrics |
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BIO |
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10 |
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1 |
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24-43 |
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Face anti-spoofing is critical to prevent face recognition systems from a security breach. The biometrics community has %possessed achieved impressive progress recently due the excellent performance of deep neural networks and the availability of large datasets. Although ethnic bias has been verified to severely affect the performance of face recognition systems, it still remains an open research problem in face anti-spoofing. Recently, a multi-ethnic face anti-spoofing dataset, CASIA-SURF CeFA, has been released with the goal of measuring the ethnic bias. It is the largest up to date cross-ethnicity face anti-spoofing dataset covering 3 ethnicities, 3 modalities, 1,607 subjects, 2D plus 3D attack types, and the first dataset including explicit ethnic labels among the recently released datasets for face anti-spoofing. We organized the Chalearn Face Anti-spoofing Attack Detection Challenge which consists of single-modal (e.g., RGB) and multi-modal (e.g., RGB, Depth, Infrared (IR)) tracks around this novel resource to boost research aiming to alleviate the ethnic bias. Both tracks have attracted 340 teams in the development stage, and finally 11 and 8 teams have submitted their codes in the single-modal and multi-modal face anti-spoofing recognition challenges, respectively. All the results were verified and re-ran by the organizing team, and the results were used for the final ranking. This paper presents an overview of the challenge, including its design, evaluation protocol and a summary of results. We analyze the top ranked solutions and draw conclusions derived from the competition. In addition we outline future work directions. |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ LLW2020b |
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3523 |
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Mohamed Ilyes Lakhal; Hakan Çevikalp; Sergio Escalera; Ferda Ofli |
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Recurrent Neural Networks for Remote Sensing Image Classification |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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IET Computer Vision |
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IETCV |
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12 |
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7 |
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1040 - 1045 |
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Automatically classifying an image has been a central problem in computer vision for decades. A plethora of models has been proposed, from handcrafted feature solutions to more sophisticated approaches such as deep learning. The authors address the problem of remote sensing image classification, which is an important problem to many real world applications. They introduce a novel deep recurrent architecture that incorporates high-level feature descriptors to tackle this challenging problem. Their solution is based on the general encoder–decoder framework. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to use a recurrent network structure on this task. The experimental results show that the proposed framework outperforms the previous works in the three datasets widely used in the literature. They have achieved a state-of-the-art accuracy rate of 97.29% on the UC Merced dataset. |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ LÇE2018 |
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3119 |
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Kaustubh Kulkarni; Ciprian Corneanu; Ikechukwu Ofodile; Sergio Escalera; Xavier Baro; Sylwia Hyniewska; Juri Allik; Gholamreza Anbarjafari |
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Title |
Automatic Recognition of Facial Displays of Unfelt Emotions |
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2021 |
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IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing |
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TAC |
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12 |
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2 |
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377 - 390 |
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Humans modify their facial expressions in order to communicate their internal states and sometimes to mislead observers regarding their true emotional states. Evidence in experimental psychology shows that discriminative facial responses are short and subtle. This suggests that such behavior would be easier to distinguish when captured in high resolution at an increased frame rate. We are proposing SASE-FE, the first dataset of facial expressions that are either congruent or incongruent with underlying emotion states. We show that overall the problem of recognizing whether facial movements are expressions of authentic emotions or not can be successfully addressed by learning spatio-temporal representations of the data. For this purpose, we propose a method that aggregates features along fiducial trajectories in a deeply learnt space. Performance of the proposed model shows that on average, it is easier to distinguish among genuine facial expressions of emotion than among unfelt facial expressions of emotion and that certain emotion pairs such as contempt and disgust are more difficult to distinguish than the rest. Furthermore, the proposed methodology improves state of the art results on CK+ and OULU-CASIA datasets for video emotion recognition, and achieves competitive results when classifying facial action units on BP4D datase. |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ KCO2021 |
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3658 |
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Dorota Kaminska; Kadir Aktas; Davit Rizhinashvili; Danila Kuklyanov; Abdallah Hussein Sham; Sergio Escalera; Kamal Nasrollahi; Thomas B. Moeslund; Gholamreza Anbarjafari |
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Title |
Two-stage Recognition and Beyond for Compound Facial Emotion Recognition |
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2021 |
Publication |
Electronics |
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ELEC |
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10 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
2847 |
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compound emotion recognition; facial expression recognition; dominant and complementary emotion recognition; deep learning |
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Facial emotion recognition is an inherently complex problem due to individual diversity in facial features and racial and cultural differences. Moreover, facial expressions typically reflect the mixture of people’s emotional statuses, which can be expressed using compound emotions. Compound facial emotion recognition makes the problem even more difficult because the discrimination between dominant and complementary emotions is usually weak. We have created a database that includes 31,250 facial images with different emotions of 115 subjects whose gender distribution is almost uniform to address compound emotion recognition. In addition, we have organized a competition based on the proposed dataset, held at FG workshop 2020. This paper analyzes the winner’s approach—a two-stage recognition method (1st stage, coarse recognition; 2nd stage, fine recognition), which enhances the classification of symmetrical emotion labels. |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ KAR2021 |
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3642 |
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Raquel Justo; Leila Ben Letaifa; Cristina Palmero; Eduardo Gonzalez-Fraile; Anna Torp Johansen; Alain Vazquez; Gennaro Cordasco; Stephan Schlogl; Begoña Fernandez-Ruanova; Micaela Silva; Sergio Escalera; Mikel de Velasco; Joffre Tenorio-Laranga; Anna Esposito; Maria Korsnes; M. Ines Torres |
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Title |
Analysis of the Interaction between Elderly People and a Simulated Virtual Coach, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing |
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2020 |
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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing |
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AIHC |
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11 |
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12 |
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6125-6140 |
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The EMPATHIC project develops and validates new interaction paradigms for personalized virtual coaches (VC) to promote healthy and independent aging. To this end, the work presented in this paper is aimed to analyze the interaction between the EMPATHIC-VC and the users. One of the goals of the project is to ensure an end-user driven design, involving senior users from the beginning and during each phase of the project. Thus, the paper focuses on some sessions where the seniors carried out interactions with a Wizard of Oz driven, simulated system. A coaching strategy based on the GROW model was used throughout these sessions so as to guide interactions and engage the elderly with the goals of the project. In this interaction framework, both the human and the system behavior were analyzed. The way the wizard implements the GROW coaching strategy is a key aspect of the system behavior during the interaction. The language used by the virtual agent as well as his or her physical aspect are also important cues that were analyzed. Regarding the user behavior, the vocal communication provides information about the speaker’s emotional status, that is closely related to human behavior and which can be extracted from the speech and language analysis. In the same way, the analysis of the facial expression, gazes and gestures can provide information on the non verbal human communication even when the user is not talking. In addition, in order to engage senior users, their preferences and likes had to be considered. To this end, the effect of the VC on the users was gathered by means of direct questionnaires. These analyses have shown a positive and calm behavior of users when interacting with the simulated virtual coach as well as some difficulties of the system to develop the proposed coaching strategy. |
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HuPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ JLP2020 |
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3443 |
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