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Author |
Joan Mas |
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Title |
A Syntactic Pattern Recognition Approach based on a Distribution Tolerant Adjacency Grammar and a Spatial Indexed Parser. Application to Sketched Document Recognition |
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2010 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Sketch recognition is a discipline which has gained an increasing interest in the last
20 years. This is due to the appearance of new devices such as PDA, Tablet PC’s
or digital pen & paper protocols. From the wide range of sketched documents we
focus on those that represent structured documents such as: architectural floor-plans,
engineering drawing, UML diagrams, etc. To recognize and understand these kinds
of documents, first we have to recognize the different compounding symbols and then
we have to identify the relations between these elements. From the way that a sketch
is captured, there are two categories: on-line and off-line. On-line input modes refer
to draw directly on a PDA or a Tablet PC’s while off-line input modes refer to scan
a previously drawn sketch.
This thesis is an overlapping of three different areas on Computer Science: Pattern
Recognition, Document Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction. The aim of this
thesis is to interpret sketched documents independently on whether they are captured
on-line or off-line. For this reason, the proposed approach should contain the following
features. First, as we are working with sketches the elements present in our input
contain distortions. Second, as we would work in on-line or off-line input modes, the
order in the input of the primitives is indifferent. Finally, the proposed method should
be applied in real scenarios, its response time must be slow.
To interpret a sketched document we propose a syntactic approach. A syntactic
approach is composed of two correlated components: a grammar and a parser. The
grammar allows describing the different elements on the document as well as their
relations. The parser, given a document checks whether it belongs to the language
generated by the grammar or not. Thus, the grammar should be able to cope with
the distortions appearing on the instances of the elements. Moreover, it would be
necessary to define a symbol independently of the order of their primitives. Concerning to the parser when analyzing 2D sentences, it does not assume an order in the
primitives. Then, at each new primitive in the input, the parser searches among the
previous analyzed symbols candidates to produce a valid reduction.
Taking into account these features, we have proposed a grammar based on Adjacency Grammars. This kind of grammars defines their productions as a multiset
of symbols rather than a list. This allows describing a symbol without an order in
their components. To cope with distortion we have proposed a distortion model.
This distortion model is an attributed estimated over the constraints of the grammar and passed through the productions. This measure gives an idea on how far is the
symbol from its ideal model. In addition to the distortion on the constraints other
distortions appear when working with sketches. These distortions are: overtracing,
overlapping, gaps or spurious strokes. Some grammatical productions have been defined to cope with these errors. Concerning the recognition, we have proposed an
incremental parser with an indexation mechanism. Incremental parsers analyze the
input symbol by symbol given a response to the user when a primitive is analyzed.
This makes incremental parser suitable to work in on-line as well as off-line input
modes. The parser has been adapted with an indexation mechanism based on a spatial division. This indexation mechanism allows setting the primitives in the space
and reducing the search to a neighbourhood.
A third contribution is a grammatical inference algorithm. This method given a
set of symbols captures the production describing it. In the field of formal languages,
different approaches has been proposed but in the graphical domain not so much work
is done in this field. The proposed method is able to capture the production from
a set of symbol although they are drawn in different order. A matching step based
on the Haussdorff distance and the Hungarian method has been proposed to match
the primitives of the different symbols. In addition the proposed approach is able to
capture the variability in the parameters of the constraints.
From the experimental results, we may conclude that we have proposed a robust
approach to describe and recognize sketches. Moreover, the addition of new symbols
to the alphabet is not restricted to an expert. Finally, the proposed approach has
been used in two real scenarios obtaining a good performance. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Editor |
Gemma Sanchez;Josep Llados |
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978-84-937261-4-0 |
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DAG |
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Call Number |
DAG @ dag @ Mas2010 |
Serial |
1334 |
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Author |
Anjan Dutta |
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Title |
Symbol Spotting in Graphical Documents by Serialized Subgraph Matching |
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Report |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
CVC Technical Report |
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159 |
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Master's thesis |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ Dut2010 |
Serial |
1351 |
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Author |
David Fernandez |
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Title |
Handwritten Word Spotting in Old Manuscript Images using Shape Descriptors |
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Report |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
CVC Technical Report |
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161 |
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Master's thesis |
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DAG |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Fer2010b |
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1353 |
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Author |
Joan Mas; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
SSP: Sketching slide Presentations, a Syntactic Approach |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
8th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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The design of a slide presentation is a creative process. In this process first, humans visualize in their minds what they want to explain. Then, they have to be able to represent this knowledge in an understandable way. There exists a lot of commercial software that allows to create our own slide presentations but the creativity of the user is rather limited. In this article we present an application that allows the user to create and visualize a slide presentation from a sketch. A slide may be seen as a graphical document or a diagram where its elements are placed in a particular spatial arrangement. To describe and recognize slides a syntactic approach is proposed. This approach is based on an Adjacency Grammar and a parsing methodology to cope with this kind of grammars. The experimental evaluation shows the performance of our methodology from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. Six different slides containing different number of symbols, from 4 to 7, have been given to the users and they have drawn them without restrictions in the order of the elements. The quantitative results give an idea on how suitable is our methodology to describe and recognize the different elements in a slide. |
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La Rochelle; France; July 2009 |
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GREC |
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DAG |
Approved |
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Call Number |
DAG @ dag @ MSL2009a |
Serial |
1441 |
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Author |
S.Jouili; Salvatore Tabbone; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
Comparing Graph Similarity Measures for Graphical Recognition. |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
8th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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In this paper we evaluate four graph distance measures. The analysis is performed for document retrieval tasks. For this aim, different kind of documents are used including line drawings (symbols), ancient documents (ornamental letters), shapes and trademark-logos. The experimental results show that the performance of each graph distance measure depends on the kind of data and the graph representation technique. |
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La Rochelle; France; July 2009 |
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Springer |
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GREC |
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DAG |
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DAG @ dag @ JTV2009 |
Serial |
1442 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; K. Bertet; Jean-Marc Ogier; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Symbol Recognition Using a Concept Lattice of Graphical Patterns |
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Conference Article |
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2009 |
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8th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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In this paper we propose a new approach to recognize symbols by the use of a concept lattice. We propose to build a concept lattice in terms of graphical patterns. Each model symbol is decomposed in a set of composing graphical patterns taken as primitives. Each one of these primitives is described by boundary moment invariants. The obtained concept lattice relates which symbolic patterns compose a given graphical symbol. A Hasse diagram is derived from the context and is used to recognize symbols affected by noise. We present some preliminary results over a variation of the dataset of symbols from the GREC 2005 symbol recognition contest. |
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La Rochelle; July 2009 |
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GREC |
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DAG |
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DAG @ dag @ RBO2009 |
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1444 |
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Author |
Partha Pratim Roy; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Touching Text Character Localization in Graphical Documents using SIFT |
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Conference Article |
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2009 |
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In proceedings 8th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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Interpretation of graphical document images is a challenging task as it requires proper understanding of text/graphics symbols present in such documents. Difficulties arise in graphical document recognition when text and symbol overlapped/touched. Intersection of text and symbols with graphical lines and curves occur frequently in graphical documents and hence separation of such symbols is very difficult.
Several pattern recognition and classification techniques exist to recognize isolated text/symbol. But, the touching/overlapping text and symbol recognition has not yet been dealt successfully. An interesting technique, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), originally devised for object recognition can take care of overlapping problems. Even if SIFT features have emerged as a very powerful object descriptors, their employment in graphical documents context has not been investigated much. In this paper we present the adaptation of the SIFT approach in the context of text character localization (spotting) in graphical documents. We evaluate the applicability of this technique in such documents and discuss the scope of improvement by combining some state-of-the-art approaches. |
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La rochelle; July 2009 |
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DAG |
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DAG @ dag @ RPL2009c |
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1445 |
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Author |
Debora Gil; Jordi Gonzalez; Gemma Sanchez (eds) |
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Title |
Computer Vision: Advances in Research and Development |
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2007 |
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Proceedings of the 2nd CVC International Workshop |
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UAB |
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Bellaterra (Spain) |
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Debora Gil; Jordi Gonzalez; Gemma Sanchez |
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978-84-935251-4-9 |
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IAM; ISE; DAG |
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IAM @ iam @ GGS2007 |
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1493 |
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Author |
Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados; Enric Marti |
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Title |
A string-based method to recognize symbols and structural textures in architectural plans |
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1997 |
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2nd IAPR Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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This paper deals with the recognition of symbols and struc- tural textures in architectural plans using string matching techniques. A plan is represented by an attributed graph whose nodes represent characteristic points and whose edges represent segments. Symbols and textures can be seen as a set of regions, i.e. closed loops in the graph, with a particular arrangement. The search for a symbol involves a graph matching between the regions of a model graph and the regions of the graph representing the document. Discriminating a texture means a clus- tering of neighbouring regions of this graph. Both procedures involve a similarity measure between graph regions. A string codification is used to represent the sequence of outlining edges of a region. Thus, the simila- rity between two regions is defined in terms of the string edit distance between their boundary strings. The use of string matching allows the recognition method to work also under presence of distortion. |
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Nancy, France |
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DAG; IAM |
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IAM @ iam @ SLE1997 |
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1498 |
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Author |
Jaime Lopez-Krahe; Josep Llados; Enric Marti |
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Title |
Architectural Floor Plan Analysis |
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2000 |
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CVonline |
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Edimburg, UK |
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University of Edinburgh |
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Robert B. Fisher |
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online pdf |
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DAG;IAM |
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IAM @ iam @ LLM2000 |
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1561 |
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