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Diego Velazquez; Pau Rodriguez; Alexandre Lacoste; Issam H. Laradji; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Evaluating Counterfactual Explainers |
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2023 |
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Transactions on Machine Learning Research |
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TMLR |
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Explainability; Counterfactuals; XAI |
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Abstract |
Explainability methods have been widely used to provide insight into the decisions made by statistical models, thus facilitating their adoption in various domains within the industry. Counterfactual explanation methods aim to improve our understanding of a model by perturbing samples in a way that would alter its response in an unexpected manner. This information is helpful for users and for machine learning practitioners to understand and improve their models. Given the value provided by counterfactual explanations, there is a growing interest in the research community to investigate and propose new methods. However, we identify two issues that could hinder the progress in this field. (1) Existing metrics do not accurately reflect the value of an explainability method for the users. (2) Comparisons between methods are usually performed with datasets like CelebA, where images are annotated with attributes that do not fully describe them and with subjective attributes such as ``Attractive''. In this work, we address these problems by proposing an evaluation method with a principled metric to evaluate and compare different counterfactual explanation methods. The evaluation method is based on a synthetic dataset where images are fully described by their annotated attributes. As a result, we are able to perform a fair comparison of multiple explainability methods in the recent literature, obtaining insights about their performance. We make the code public for the benefit of the research community. |
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ISE |
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Admin @ si @ VRL2023 |
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3891 |
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Author |
Maria Vanrell; Jordi Vitria; Xavier Roca |
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A multidimensional scaling approach to explore the behavior of a texture perception algorithm. |
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1997 |
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Machine Vision and Applications |
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9 |
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262–271 |
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OR;ISE;CIC;MV |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ VVR1997 |
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35 |
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Author |
Francisco Javier Orozco; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Real-Time Gaze Tracking with Appearance-Based Models |
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2008 |
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Machine Vision Applications |
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MVAP |
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20 |
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6 |
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353-364 |
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Keywords Eyelid and iris tracking, Appearance models, Blinking, Iris saccade, Real-time gaze tracking |
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Psychological evidence has emphasized the importance of eye gaze analysis in human computer interaction and emotion interpretation. To this end, current image analysis algorithms take into consideration eye-lid and iris motion detection using colour information and edge detectors. However, eye movement is fast and and hence difficult to use to obtain a precise and robust tracking. Instead, our
method proposed to describe eyelid and iris movements as continuous variables using appearance-based tracking. This approach combines the strengths of adaptive appearance models, optimization methods and backtracking techniques.Thus,
in the proposed method textures are learned on-line from near frontal images and illumination changes, occlusions and fast movements are managed. The method achieves real-time performance by combining two appearance-based trackers to a
backtracking algorithm for eyelid estimation and another for iris estimation. These contributions represent a significant advance towards a reliable gaze motion description for HCI and expression analysis, where the strength of complementary
methodologies are combined to avoid using high quality images, colour information, texture training, camera settings and other time-consuming processes. |
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ISE @ ise @ ORG2008 |
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972 |
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Author |
Dani Rowe; Jordi Gonzalez; Marco Pedersoli; Juan J. Villanueva |
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Title |
On Tracking Inside Groups |
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2010 |
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Machine Vision and Applications |
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MVA |
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21 |
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2 |
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113–127 |
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This work develops a new architecture for multiple-target tracking in unconstrained dynamic scenes, which consists of a detection level which feeds a two-stage tracking system. A remarkable characteristic of the system is its ability to track several targets while they group and split, without using 3D information. Thus, special attention is given to the feature-selection and appearance-computation modules, and to those modules involved in tracking through groups. The system aims to work as a stand-alone application in complex and dynamic scenarios. No a-priori knowledge about either the scene or the targets, based on a previous training period, is used. Hence, the scenario is completely unknown beforehand. Successful tracking has been demonstrated in well-known databases of both indoor and outdoor scenarios. Accurate and robust localisations have been yielded during long-term target merging and occlusions. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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0932-8092 |
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ISE |
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ISE @ ise @ RGP2010 |
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1158 |
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Author |
Ignasi Rius; Jordi Gonzalez; J. Varona; Xavier Roca |
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Title |
Action-specific motion prior for efficient bayesian 3D human body tracking |
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2009 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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42 |
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11 |
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2907–2921 |
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In this paper, we aim to reconstruct the 3D motion parameters of a human body
model from the known 2D positions of a reduced set of joints in the image plane.
Towards this end, an action-specific motion model is trained from a database of real
motion-captured performances. The learnt motion model is used within a particle
filtering framework as a priori knowledge on human motion. First, our dynamic
model guides the particles according to similar situations previously learnt. Then, the solution space is constrained so only feasible human postures are accepted as valid solutions at each time step. As a result, we are able to track the 3D configuration of the full human body from several cycles of walking motion sequences using only the 2D positions of a very reduced set of joints from lateral or frontal viewpoints. |
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0031-3203 |
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ISE @ ise @ RGV2009 |
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1159 |
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