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Author | C. Alejandro Parraga; Jordi Roca; Maria Vanrell |
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Title | Do Basic Colors Influence Chromatic Adaptation? | Type | Journal Article | |||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Journal of Vision | Abbreviated Journal | VSS | |
Volume | 11 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 85 | |
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Abstract | Color constancy (the ability to perceive colors relatively stable under different illuminants) is the result of several mechanisms spread across different neural levels and responding to several visual scene cues. It is usually measured by estimating the perceived color of a grey patch under an illuminant change. In this work, we hypothesize whether chromatic adaptation (without a reference white or grey) could be driven by certain colors, specifically those corresponding to the universal color terms proposed by Berlin and Kay (1969). To this end we have developed a new psychophysical paradigm in which subjects adjust the color of a test patch (in CIELab space) to match their memory of the best example of a given color chosen from the universal terms list (grey, red, green, blue, yellow, purple, pink, orange and brown). The test patch is embedded inside a Mondrian image and presented on a calibrated CRT screen inside a dark cabin. All subjects were trained to “recall” their most exemplary colors reliably from memory and asked to always produce the same basic colors when required under several adaptation conditions. These include achromatic and colored Mondrian backgrounds, under a simulated D65 illuminant and several colored illuminants. A set of basic colors were measured for each subject under neutral conditions (achromatic background and D65 illuminant) and used as “reference” for the rest of the experiment. The colors adjusted by the subjects in each adaptation condition were compared to the reference colors under the corresponding illuminant and a “constancy index” was obtained for each of them. Our results show that for some colors the constancy index was better than for grey. The set of best adapted colors in each condition were common to a majority of subjects and were dependent on the chromaticity of the illuminant and the chromatic background considered. | |||||
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ISSN | 1534-7362 | ISBN | Medium | |||
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Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ PRV2011 | Serial | 1759 | |||
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Author | Anna Salvatella; Maria Vanrell; Juan J. Villanueva |
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Title | Texture Description based on Subtexture Components, 3rd International Workshop on Texture Syntesis and Analysis | Type | Conference Article | |||
Year | 2003 | Publication | 3rd International Workshop on Texture Synthesis and Analysis, | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 77–82 | |||
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Address | Nice | |||||
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ISSN | ISBN | 1-904410-11-1 | Medium | |||
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Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | CAT @ cat @ SVV2003 | Serial | 422 | |||
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Author | Robert Benavente; Maria Vanrell |
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Title | Parametrizacion del Espacio de Categorias de Color | Type | Miscellaneous | |||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Proceedings del VIII Congreso Nacional del Color | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 77–78 | |||
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Address | Madrid (Spain) | |||||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | CNC’07 | |||
Notes | CAT;CIC | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | CAT @ cat @ BeV2007 | Serial | 905 | |||
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Author | Susana Alvarez; Anna Salvatella; Maria Vanrell; Xavier Otazu |
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Title | Low-dimensional and Comprehensive Color Texture Description | Type | Journal Article | |||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Computer Vision and Image Understanding | Abbreviated Journal | CVIU | |
Volume | 116 | Issue | I | Pages | 54-67 | |
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Abstract | Image retrieval can be dealt by combining standard descriptors, such as those of MPEG-7, which are defined independently for each visual cue (e.g. SCD or CLD for Color, HTD for texture or EHD for edges).
A common problem is to combine similarities coming from descriptors representing different concepts in different spaces. In this paper we propose a color texture description that bypasses this problem from its inherent definition. It is based on a low dimensional space with 6 perceptual axes. Texture is described in a 3D space derived from a direct implementation of the original Julesz’s Texton theory and color is described in a 3D perceptual space. This early fusion through the blob concept in these two bounded spaces avoids the problem and allows us to derive a sparse color-texture descriptor that achieves similar performance compared to MPEG-7 in image retrieval. Moreover, our descriptor presents comprehensive qualities since it can also be applied either in segmentation or browsing: (a) a dense image representation is defined from the descriptor showing a reasonable performance in locating texture patterns included in complex images; and (b) a vocabulary of basic terms is derived to build an intermediate level descriptor in natural language improving browsing by bridging semantic gap |
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ISSN | 1077-3142 | ISBN | Medium | |||
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Notes | CAT;CIC | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ ASV2012 | Serial | 1827 | |||
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Author | C. Alejandro Parraga; Ramon Baldrich; Maria Vanrell |
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Title | Accurate Mapping of Natural Scenes Radiance to Cone Activation Space: A New Image Dataset | Type | Conference Article | |||
Year | 2010 | Publication | 5th European Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging and Vision and 12th International Symposium on Multispectral Colour Science | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 50–57 | |||
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Abstract | The characterization of trichromatic cameras is usually done in terms of a device-independent color space, such as the CIE 1931 XYZ space. This is indeed convenient since it allows the testing of results against colorimetric measures. We have characterized our camera to represent human cone activation by mapping the camera sensor's (RGB) responses to human (LMS) through a polynomial transformation, which can be “customized” according to the types of scenes we want to represent. Here we present a method to test the accuracy of the camera measures and a study on how the choice of training reflectances for the polynomial may alter the results. | |||||
Address | Joensuu, Finland | |||||
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ISSN | ISBN | 9781617388897 | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | CGIV/MCS | |||
Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | CAT @ cat @ PBV2010a | Serial | 1322 | |||
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Author | Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Joost Van de Weijer; Maria Vanrell |
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Title | Modulating Shape Features by Color Attention for Object Recognition | Type | Journal Article | |||
Year | 2012 | Publication | International Journal of Computer Vision | Abbreviated Journal | IJCV | |
Volume | 98 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 49-64 | |
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Abstract | Bag-of-words based image representation is a successful approach for object recognition. Generally, the subsequent stages of the process: feature detection,feature description, vocabulary construction and image representation are performed independent of the intentioned object classes to be detected. In such a framework, it was found that the combination of different image cues, such as shape and color, often obtains below expected results. This paper presents a novel method for recognizing object categories when using ultiple cues by separately processing the shape and color cues and combining them by modulating the shape features by category specific color attention. Color is used to compute bottom up and top-down attention maps. Subsequently, these color attention maps are used to modulate the weights of the shape features. In regions with higher attention shape features are given more weight than in regions with low attention. We compare our approach with existing methods that combine color and shape cues on five data sets containing varied importance of both cues, namely, Soccer (color predominance), Flower (color and hape parity), PASCAL VOC 2007 and 2009 (shape predominance) and Caltech-101 (color co-interference). The experiments clearly demonstrate that in all five data sets our proposed framework significantly outperforms existing methods for combining color and shape information. | |||||
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Publisher | Springer Netherlands | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
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ISSN | 0920-5691 | ISBN | Medium | |||
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Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ KWV2012 | Serial | 1864 | |||
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Author | A.Gonzalez; Robert Benavente; Olivier Penacchio; Javier Vazquez; Maria Vanrell; C. Alejandro Parraga |
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Title | Coloresia: An Interactive Colour Perception Device for the Visually Impaired | Type | Book Chapter | |||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Multimodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | 48 | Issue | Pages | 47-66 | ||
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Abstract | A significative percentage of the human population suffer from impairments in their capacity to distinguish or even see colours. For them, everyday tasks like navigating through a train or metro network map becomes demanding. We present a novel technique for extracting colour information from everyday natural stimuli and presenting it to visually impaired users as pleasant, non-invasive sound. This technique was implemented inside a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) portable device. In this implementation, colour information is extracted from the input image and categorised according to how human observers segment the colour space. This information is subsequently converted into sound and sent to the user via speakers or headphones. In the original implementation, it is possible for the user to send its feedback to reconfigure the system, however several features such as these were not implemented because the current technology is limited.We are confident that the full implementation will be possible in the near future as PDA technology improves. | |||||
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Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
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ISSN | 1868-4394 | ISBN | 978-3-642-35931-6 | Medium | ||
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Notes | CIC; 600.052; 605.203 | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ GBP2013 | Serial | 2266 | |||
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Author | Robert Benavente; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell |
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Title | Colour categories boundaries are better defined in contextual conditions | Type | Journal Article | |||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Perception | Abbreviated Journal | PER | |
Volume | 38 | Issue | Pages | 36 | ||
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Abstract | In a previous experiment [Parraga et al, 2009 Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 53(3)] the boundaries between basic colour categories were measured by asking subjects to categorize colour samples presented in isolation (ie on a dark background) using a YES/NO paradigm. Results showed that some boundaries (eg green – blue) were very diffuse and the subjects' answers presented bimodal distributions, which were attributed to the emergence of non-basic categories in those regions (eg turquoise). To confirm these results we performed a new experiment focussed on the boundaries where bimodal distributions were more evident. In this new experiment rectangular colour samples were presented surrounded by random colour patches to simulate contextual conditions on a calibrated CRT monitor. The names of two neighbouring colours were shown at the bottom of the screen and subjects selected the boundary between these colours by controlling the chromaticity of the central patch, sliding it across these categories' frontier. Results show that in this new experimental paradigm, the formerly uncertain inter-colour category boundaries are better defined and the dispersions (ie the bimodal distributions) that occurred in the previous experiment disappear. These results may provide further support to Berlin and Kay's basic colour terms theory. | |||||
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Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | CAT @ cat @ BPV2009 | Serial | 1192 | |||
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Author | Javier Vazquez; G. D. Finlayson; Maria Vanrell |
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Title | A compact singularity function to predict WCS data and unique hues | Type | Conference Article | |||
Year | 2010 | Publication | 5th European Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging and Vision and 12th International Symposium on Multispectral Colour Science | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 33–38 | |||
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Abstract | Understanding how colour is used by the human vision system is a widely studied research field. The field, though quite advanced, still faces important unanswered questions. One of them is the explanation of the unique hues and the assignment of color names. This problem addresses the fact of different perceptual status for different colors.
Recently, Philipona and O'Regan have proposed a biological model that allows to extract the reflection properties of any surface independently of the lighting conditions. These invariant properties are the basis to compute a singularity index that predicts the asymmetries presented in unique hues and basic color categories psychophysical data, therefore is giving a further step in their explanation. In this paper we build on their formulation and propose a new singularity index. This new formulation equally accounts for the location of the 4 peaks of the World colour survey and has two main advantages. First, it is a simple elegant numerical measure (the Philipona measurement is a rather cumbersome formula). Second, we develop a colour-based explanation for the measure. |
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Address | Joensuu, Finland | |||||
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ISSN | ISBN | 9781617388897 | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | CGIV/MCS | |||
Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | CAT @ cat @ VFV2010 | Serial | 1324 | |||
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Author | Maria Vanrell; Naila Murray; Robert Benavente; C. Alejandro Parraga; Xavier Otazu; Ramon Baldrich |
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Title | Perception Based Representations for Computational Colour | Type | Conference Article | |||
Year | 2011 | Publication | 3rd International Workshop on Computational Color Imaging | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | 6626 | Issue | Pages | 16-30 | ||
Keywords | colour perception, induction, naming, psychophysical data, saliency, segmentation | |||||
Abstract | The perceived colour of a stimulus is dependent on multiple factors stemming out either from the context of the stimulus or idiosyncrasies of the observer. The complexity involved in combining these multiple effects is the main reason for the gap between classical calibrated colour spaces from colour science and colour representations used in computer vision, where colour is just one more visual cue immersed in a digital image where surfaces, shadows and illuminants interact seemingly out of control. With the aim to advance a few steps towards bridging this gap we present some results on computational representations of colour for computer vision. They have been developed by introducing perceptual considerations derived from the interaction of the colour of a point with its context. We show some techniques to represent the colour of a point influenced by assimilation and contrast effects due to the image surround and we show some results on how colour saliency can be derived in real images. We outline a model for automatic assignment of colour names to image points directly trained on psychophysical data. We show how colour segments can be perceptually grouped in the image by imposing shading coherence in the colour space. | |||||
Address | Milan, Italy | |||||
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Publisher | Springer-Verlag | Place of Publication | Editor | Raimondo Schettini, Shoji Tominaga, Alain Trémeau | ||
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Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | LNCS | |||
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-3-642-20403-6 | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | CCIW | |||
Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ VMB2011 | Serial | 1733 | |||
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Author | Ivet Rafegas; Maria Vanrell |
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Title | Color encoding in biologically-inspired convolutional neural networks | Type | Journal Article | |||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Vision Research | Abbreviated Journal | VR | |
Volume | 151 | Issue | Pages | 7-17 | ||
Keywords | Color coding; Computer vision; Deep learning; Convolutional neural networks | |||||
Abstract | Convolutional Neural Networks have been proposed as suitable frameworks to model biological vision. Some of these artificial networks showed representational properties that rival primate performances in object recognition. In this paper we explore how color is encoded in a trained artificial network. It is performed by estimating a color selectivity index for each neuron, which allows us to describe the neuron activity to a color input stimuli. The index allows us to classify whether they are color selective or not and if they are of a single or double color. We have determined that all five convolutional layers of the network have a large number of color selective neurons. Color opponency clearly emerges in the first layer, presenting 4 main axes (Black-White, Red-Cyan, Blue-Yellow and Magenta-Green), but this is reduced and rotated as we go deeper into the network. In layer 2 we find a denser hue sampling of color neurons and opponency is reduced almost to one new main axis, the Bluish-Orangish coinciding with the dataset bias. In layers 3, 4 and 5 color neurons are similar amongst themselves, presenting different type of neurons that detect specific colored objects (e.g., orangish faces), specific surrounds (e.g., blue sky) or specific colored or contrasted object-surround configurations (e.g. blue blob in a green surround). Overall, our work concludes that color and shape representation are successively entangled through all the layers of the studied network, revealing certain parallelisms with the reported evidences in primate brains that can provide useful insight into intermediate hierarchical spatio-chromatic representations. | |||||
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Notes | CIC; 600.051; 600.087 | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Admin @ si @RaV2018 | Serial | 3114 | |||
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Author | Xavier Otazu; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell |
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Title | Towards a unified chromatic inducction model | Type | Journal Article | |||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Journal of Vision | Abbreviated Journal | VSS | |
Volume | 10 | Issue | 12:5 | Pages | 1-24 | |
Keywords | Visual system; Color induction; Wavelet transform | |||||
Abstract | In a previous work (X. Otazu, M. Vanrell, & C. A. Párraga, 2008b), we showed how several brightness induction effects can be predicted using a simple multiresolution wavelet model (BIWaM). Here we present a new model for chromatic induction processes (termed Chromatic Induction Wavelet Model or CIWaM), which is also implemented on a multiresolution framework and based on similar assumptions related to the spatial frequency and the contrast surround energy of the stimulus. The CIWaM can be interpreted as a very simple extension of the BIWaM to the chromatic channels, which in our case are defined in the MacLeod-Boynton (lsY) color space. This new model allows us to unify both chromatic assimilation and chromatic contrast effects in a single mathematical formulation. The predictions of the CIWaM were tested by means of several color and brightness induction experiments, which showed an acceptable agreement between model predictions and psychophysical data. | |||||
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Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | CAT @ cat @ OPV2010 | Serial | 1450 | |||
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Author | Jordi Roca; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell |
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Title | Chromatic settings and the structural color constancy index | Type | Journal Article | |||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Vision | Abbreviated Journal | JV | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 4-3 | Pages | 1-26 | |
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Abstract | Color constancy is usually measured by achromatic setting, asymmetric matching, or color naming paradigms, whose results are interpreted in terms of indexes and models that arguably do not capture the full complexity of the phenomenon. Here we propose a new paradigm, chromatic setting, which allows a more comprehensive characterization of color constancy through the measurement of multiple points in color space under immersive adaptation. We demonstrated its feasibility by assessing the consistency of subjects' responses over time. The paradigm was applied to two-dimensional (2-D) Mondrian stimuli under three different illuminants, and the results were used to fit a set of linear color constancy models. The use of multiple colors improved the precision of more complex linear models compared to the popular diagonal model computed from gray. Our results show that a diagonal plus translation matrix that models mechanisms other than cone gain might be best suited to explain the phenomenon. Additionally, we calculated a number of color constancy indices for several points in color space, and our results suggest that interrelations among colors are not as uniform as previously believed. To account for this variability, we developed a new structural color constancy index that takes into account the magnitude and orientation of the chromatic shift in addition to the interrelations among colors and memory effects. | |||||
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Notes | CIC; 600.052; 600.051; 605.203 | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ RPV2013 | Serial | 2288 | |||
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Author | Javier Vazquez; J. Kevin O'Regan; Maria Vanrell; Graham D. Finlayson |
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Title | A new spectrally sharpened basis to predict colour naming, unique hues, and hue cancellation | Type | Journal Article | |||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Journal of Vision | Abbreviated Journal | VSS | |
Volume | 12 | Issue | 6 (7) | Pages | 1-14 | |
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Abstract | When light is reflected off a surface, there is a linear relation between the three human photoreceptor responses to the incoming light and the three photoreceptor responses to the reflected light. Different colored surfaces have different linear relations. Recently, Philipona and O'Regan (2006) showed that when this relation is singular in a mathematical sense, then the surface is perceived as having a highly nameable color. Furthermore, white light reflected by that surface is perceived as corresponding precisely to one of the four psychophysically measured unique hues. However, Philipona and O'Regan's approach seems unrelated to classical psychophysical models of color constancy. In this paper we make this link. We begin by transforming cone sensors to spectrally sharpened counterparts. In sharp color space, illumination change can be modeled by simple von Kries type scalings of response values within each of the spectrally sharpened response channels. In this space, Philipona and O'Regan's linear relation is captured by a simple Land-type color designator defined by dividing reflected light by incident light. This link between Philipona and O'Regan's theory and Land's notion of color designator gives the model biological plausibility. We then show that Philipona and O'Regan's singular surfaces are surfaces which are very close to activating only one or only two of such newly defined spectrally sharpened sensors, instead of the usual three. Closeness to zero is quantified in a new simplified measure of singularity which is also shown to relate to the chromaticness of colors. As in Philipona and O'Regan's original work, our new theory accounts for a large variety of psychophysical color data. | |||||
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Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ VOV2012 | Serial | 1998 | |||
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