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Author |
Albert Gordo |
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Title  |
Document Image Representation, Classification and Retrieval in Large-Scale Domains |
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2013 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Despite the “paperless office” ideal that started in the decade of the seventies, businesses still strive against an increasing amount of paper documentation. Companies still receive huge amounts of paper documentation that need to be analyzed and processed, mostly in a manual way. A solution for this task consists in, first, automatically scanning the incoming documents. Then, document images can be analyzed and information can be extracted from the data. Documents can also be automatically dispatched to the appropriate workflows, used to retrieve similar documents in the dataset to transfer information, etc.
Due to the nature of this “digital mailroom”, we need document representation methods to be general, i.e., able to cope with very different types of documents. We need the methods to be sound, i.e., able to cope with unexpected types of documents, noise, etc. And, we need to methods to be scalable, i.e., able to cope with thousands or millions of documents that need to be processed, stored, and consulted. Unfortunately, current techniques of document representation, classification and retrieval are not apt for this digital mailroom framework, since they do not fulfill some or all of these requirements.
Through this thesis we focus on the problem of document representation aimed at classification and retrieval tasks under this digital mailroom framework. We first propose a novel document representation based on runlength histograms, and extend it to cope with more complex documents such as multiple-page documents, or documents that contain more sources of information such as extracted OCR text. Then we focus on the scalability requirements and propose a novel binarization method which we dubbed PCAE, as well as two general asymmetric distances between binary embeddings that can significantly improve the retrieval results at a minimal extra computational cost. Finally, we note the importance of supervised learning when performing large-scale retrieval, and study several approaches that can significantly boost the results at no extra cost at query time. |
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Barcelona |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Ernest Valveny;Florent Perronnin |
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Admin @ si @ Gor2013 |
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2277 |
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Author |
Mohamed Ali Souibgui |
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Title |
Document Image Enhancement and Recognition in Low Resource Scenarios: Application to Ciphers and Handwritten Text |
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2022 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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In this thesis, we propose different contributions with the goal of enhancing and recognizing historical handwritten document images, especially the ones with rare scripts, such as cipher documents.
In the first part, some effective end-to-end models for Document Image Enhancement (DIE) using deep learning models were presented. First, Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN) for different tasks (document clean-up, binarization, deblurring, and watermark removal) were explored. Next, we further improve the results by recovering the degraded document images into a clean and readable form by integrating a text recognizer into the cGAN model to promote the generated document image to be more readable. Afterward, we present a new encoder-decoder architecture based on vision transformers to enhance both machine-printed and handwritten document images, in an end-to-end fashion.
The second part of the thesis addresses Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) in low resource scenarios, i.e. when only few labeled training data is available. We propose novel methods for recognizing ciphers with rare scripts. First, a few-shot object detection based method was proposed. Then, we incorporate a progressive learning strategy that automatically assignspseudo-labels to a set of unlabeled data to reduce the human labor of annotating few pages while maintaining the good performance of the model. Secondly, a data generation technique based on Bayesian Program Learning (BPL) is proposed to overcome the lack of data in such rare scripts. Thirdly, we propose a Text-Degradation Invariant Auto Encoder (Text-DIAE). This latter self-supervised model is designed to tackle two tasks, text recognition and document image enhancement. The proposed model does not exhibit limitations of previous state-of-the-art methods based on contrastive losses, while at the same time, it requires substantially fewer data samples to converge.
In the third part of the thesis, we analyze, from the user perspective, the usage of HTR systems in low resource scenarios. This contrasts with the usual research on HTR, which often focuses on technical aspects only and rarely devotes efforts on implementing software tools for scholars in Humanities. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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IMPRIMA |
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Alicia Fornes;Yousri Kessentini |
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978-84-124793-8-6 |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ Sou2022 |
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3757 |
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Author |
Ruben Tito; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
Document Collection Visual Question Answering |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
16th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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12822 |
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778-792 |
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Keywords |
Document collection; Visual Question Answering |
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Current tasks and methods in Document Understanding aims to process documents as single elements. However, documents are usually organized in collections (historical records, purchase invoices), that provide context useful for their interpretation. To address this problem, we introduce Document Collection Visual Question Answering (DocCVQA) a new dataset and related task, where questions are posed over a whole collection of document images and the goal is not only to provide the answer to the given question, but also to retrieve the set of documents that contain the information needed to infer the answer. Along with the dataset we propose a new evaluation metric and baselines which provide further insights to the new dataset and task. |
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ICDAR |
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DAG; 600.121 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ TKV2021 |
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3622 |
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Author |
Albert Gordo; Florent Perronnin; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
Document classification using multiple views |
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Conference Article |
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2012 |
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10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems |
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33-37 |
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The combination of multiple features or views when representing documents or other kinds of objects usually leads to improved results in classification (and retrieval) tasks. Most systems assume that those views will be available both at training and test time. However, some views may be too `expensive' to be available at test time. In this paper, we consider the use of Canonical Correlation Analysis to leverage `expensive' views that are available only at training time. Experimental results show that this information may significantly improve the results in a classification task. |
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Australia |
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IEEE Computer Society Washington |
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978-0-7695-4661-2 |
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DAS |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ GPV2012 |
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2049 |
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Author |
Albert Gordo; Marçal Rusiñol; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Andrew Bagdanov |
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Title |
Document Classification and Page Stream Segmentation for Digital Mailroom Applications |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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621-625 |
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In this paper we present a method for the segmentation of continuous page streams into multipage documents and the simultaneous classification of the resulting documents. We first present an approach to combine the multiple pages of a document into a single feature vector that represents the whole document. Despite its simplicity and low computational cost, the proposed representation yields results comparable to more complex methods in multipage document classification tasks. We then exploit this representation in the context of page stream segmentation. The most plausible segmentation of a page stream into a sequence of multipage documents is obtained by optimizing a statistical model that represents the probability of each segmented multipage document belonging to a particular class. Experimental results are reported on a large sample of real administrative multipage documents. |
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Washington; USA; August 2013 |
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1520-5363 |
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DAG; 600.056; 602.101 |
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Admin @ si @ GRK2013c |
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2345 |
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Author |
Juan Ignacio Toledo; Jordi Cucurull; Jordi Puiggali; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Document Analysis Techniques for Automatic Electoral Document Processing: A Survey |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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E-Voting and Identity, Proceedings of 5th international conference, VoteID 2015 |
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139-141 |
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Document image analysis; Computer vision; Paper ballots; Paper based elections; Optical scan; Tally |
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In this paper, we will discuss the most common challenges in electoral document processing and study the different solutions from the document analysis community that can be applied in each case. We will cover Optical Mark Recognition techniques to detect voter selections in the Australian Ballot, handwritten number recognition for preferential elections and handwriting recognition for write-in areas. We will also propose some particular adjustments that can be made to those general techniques in the specific context of electoral documents. |
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Bern; Switzerland; September 2015 |
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VoteID |
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DAG; 600.061; 602.006; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ TCP2015 |
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2641 |
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Author |
Mickael Coustaty; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2023 Workshops |
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2023 |
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Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2023 Workshops |
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14194 |
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2 |
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San Jose; USA; August 2023 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ CoF2023 |
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3852 |
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Author |
Sanket Biswas; Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
DocSynth: A Layout Guided Approach for Controllable Document Image Synthesis |
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Conference Article |
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2021 |
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16th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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12823 |
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555–568 |
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Despite significant progress on current state-of-the-art image generation models, synthesis of document images containing multiple and complex object layouts is a challenging task. This paper presents a novel approach, called DocSynth, to automatically synthesize document images based on a given layout. In this work, given a spatial layout (bounding boxes with object categories) as a reference by the user, our proposed DocSynth model learns to generate a set of realistic document images consistent with the defined layout. Also, this framework has been adapted to this work as a superior baseline model for creating synthetic document image datasets for augmenting real data during training for document layout analysis tasks. Different sets of learning objectives have been also used to improve the model performance. Quantitatively, we also compare the generated results of our model with real data using standard evaluation metrics. The results highlight that our model can successfully generate realistic and diverse document images with multiple objects. We also present a comprehensive qualitative analysis summary of the different scopes of synthetic image generation tasks. Lastly, to our knowledge this is the first work of its kind. |
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Lausanne; Suissa; September 2021 |
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DAG; 600.121; 600.140; 110.312 |
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Admin @ si @ BRL2021a |
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3573 |
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Stepan Simsa; Milan Sulc; Michal Uricar; Yash Patel; Ahmed Hamdi; Matej Kocian; Matyas Skalicky; Jiri Matas; Antoine Doucet; Mickael Coustaty; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Title |
DocILE Benchmark for Document Information Localization and Extraction |
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Conference Article |
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2023 |
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17th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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14188 |
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147–166 |
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Document AI; Information Extraction; Line Item Recognition; Business Documents; Intelligent Document Processing |
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This paper introduces the DocILE benchmark with the largest dataset of business documents for the tasks of Key Information Localization and Extraction and Line Item Recognition. It contains 6.7k annotated business documents, 100k synthetically generated documents, and nearly 1M unlabeled documents for unsupervised pre-training. The dataset has been built with knowledge of domain- and task-specific aspects, resulting in the following key features: (i) annotations in 55 classes, which surpasses the granularity of previously published key information extraction datasets by a large margin; (ii) Line Item Recognition represents a highly practical information extraction task, where key information has to be assigned to items in a table; (iii) documents come from numerous layouts and the test set includes zero- and few-shot cases as well as layouts commonly seen in the training set. The benchmark comes with several baselines, including RoBERTa, LayoutLMv3 and DETR-based Table Transformer; applied to both tasks of the DocILE benchmark, with results shared in this paper, offering a quick starting point for future work. The dataset, baselines and supplementary material are available at https://github.com/rossumai/docile. |
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San Jose; CA; USA; August 2023 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ SSU2023 |
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3903 |
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Mohamed Ali Souibgui; Sanket Biswas; Sana Khamekhem Jemni; Yousri Kessentini; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados; Umapada Pal |
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DocEnTr: An End-to-End Document Image Enhancement Transformer |
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2022 |
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26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition |
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1699-1705 |
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Degradation; Head; Optical character recognition; Self-supervised learning; Benchmark testing; Transformers; Magnetic heads |
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Document images can be affected by many degradation scenarios, which cause recognition and processing difficulties. In this age of digitization, it is important to denoise them for proper usage. To address this challenge, we present a new encoder-decoder architecture based on vision transformers to enhance both machine-printed and handwritten document images, in an end-to-end fashion. The encoder operates directly on the pixel patches with their positional information without the use of any convolutional layers, while the decoder reconstructs a clean image from the encoded patches. Conducted experiments show a superiority of the proposed model compared to the state-of the-art methods on several DIBCO benchmarks. Code and models will be publicly available at: https://github.com/dali92002/DocEnTR |
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August 21-25, 2022 , Montréal Québec |
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ICPR |
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DAG; 600.121; 600.162; 602.230; 600.140 |
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Admin @ si @ SBJ2022 |
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3730 |
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