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Sergi Garcia Bordils; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Marçal Rusiñol |
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Title |
STEP – Towards Structured Scene-Text Spotting |
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Conference Article |
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2024 |
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Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision |
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883-892 |
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We introduce the structured scene-text spotting task, which requires a scene-text OCR system to spot text in the wild according to a query regular expression. Contrary to generic scene text OCR, structured scene-text spotting seeks to dynamically condition both scene text detection and recognition on user-provided regular expressions. To tackle this task, we propose the Structured TExt sPotter (STEP), a model that exploits the provided text structure to guide the OCR process. STEP is able to deal with regular expressions that contain spaces and it is not bound to detection at the word-level granularity. Our approach enables accurate zero-shot structured text spotting in a wide variety of real-world reading scenarios and is solely trained on publicly available data. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we introduce a new challenging test dataset that contains several types of out-of-vocabulary structured text, reflecting important reading applications of fields such as prices, dates, serial numbers, license plates etc. We demonstrate that STEP can provide specialised OCR performance on demand in all tested scenarios. |
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Waikoloa; Hawai; USA; January 2024 |
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Admin @ si @ GKR2024 |
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3992 |
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Author |
Sergi Garcia Bordils; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Marçal Rusiñol |
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Title |
Accelerating Transformer-Based Scene Text Detection and Recognition via Token Pruning |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2023 |
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17th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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14192 |
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106-121 |
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Scene Text Detection; Scene Text Recognition; Transformer Acceleration |
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Scene text detection and recognition is a crucial task in computer vision with numerous real-world applications. Transformer-based approaches are behind all current state-of-the-art models and have achieved excellent performance. However, the computational requirements of the transformer architecture makes training these methods slow and resource heavy. In this paper, we introduce a new token pruning strategy that significantly decreases training and inference times without sacrificing performance, striking a balance between accuracy and speed. We have applied this pruning technique to our own end-to-end transformer-based scene text understanding architecture. Our method uses a separate detection branch to guide the pruning of uninformative image features, which significantly reduces the number of tokens at the input of the transformer. Experimental results show how our network is able to obtain competitive results on multiple public benchmarks while running at significantly higher speeds. |
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San Jose; CA; USA; August 2023 |
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Admin @ si @ GKR2023a |
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3907 |
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Author |
Jaume Gibert |
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Title |
Vector Space Embedding of Graphs via Statistics of Labelling Information |
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2012 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Pattern recognition is the task that aims at distinguishing objects among different classes. When such a task wants to be solved in an automatic way a crucial step is how to formally represent such patterns to the computer. Based on the different representational formalisms, we may distinguish between statistical and structural pattern recognition. The former describes objects as a set of measurements arranged in the form of what is called a feature vector. The latter assumes that relations between parts of the underlying objects need to be explicitly represented and thus it uses relational structures such as graphs for encoding their inherent information. Vector spaces are a very flexible mathematical structure that has allowed to come up with several efficient ways for the analysis of patterns under the form of feature vectors. Nevertheless, such a representation cannot explicitly cope with binary relations between parts of the objects and it is restricted to measure the exact same number of features for each pattern under study regardless of their complexity. Graph-based representations present the contrary situation. They can easily adapt to the inherent complexity of the patterns but introduce a problem of high computational complexity, hindering the design of efficient tools to process and analyse patterns.
Solving this paradox is the main goal of this thesis. The ideal situation for solving pattern recognition problems would be to represent the patterns using relational structures such as graphs, and to be able to use the wealthy repository of data processing tools from the statistical pattern recognition domain. An elegant solution to this problem is to transform the graph domain into a vector domain where any processing algorithm can be applied. In other words, by mapping each graph to a point in a vector space we automatically get access to the rich set of algorithms from the statistical domain to be applied in the graph domain. Such methodology is called graph embedding.
In this thesis we propose to associate feature vectors to graphs in a simple and very efficient way by just putting attention on the labelling information that graphs store. In particular, we count frequencies of node labels and of edges between labels. Although their locality, these features are able to robustly represent structurally global properties of graphs, when considered together in the form of a vector. We initially deal with the case of discrete attributed graphs, where features are easy to compute. The continuous case is tackled as a natural generalization of the discrete one, where rather than counting node and edge labelling instances, we count statistics of some representatives of them. We encounter how the proposed vectorial representations of graphs suffer from high dimensionality and correlation among components and we face these problems by feature selection algorithms. We also explore how the diversity of different embedding representations can be exploited in order to boost the performance of base classifiers in a multiple classifier systems framework. An extensive experimental evaluation finally shows how the methodology we propose can be efficiently computed and compete with other graph matching and embedding methodologies. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Ernest Valveny |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ Gib2012 |
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2204 |
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Author |
Jaume Gibert |
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Title |
Learning structural representations and graph matching paradigms in the context of object recognition |
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Report |
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2009 |
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CVC Technical Report |
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143 |
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Computer Vision Center |
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Master's thesis |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ Gib2009 |
Serial |
2397 |
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Author |
Suman Ghosh; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
Visual attention models for scene text recognition |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
14th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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arXiv:1706.01487
In this paper we propose an approach to lexicon-free recognition of text in scene images. Our approach relies on a LSTM-based soft visual attention model learned from convolutional features. A set of feature vectors are derived from an intermediate convolutional layer corresponding to different areas of the image. This permits encoding of spatial information into the image representation. In this way, the framework is able to learn how to selectively focus on different parts of the image. At every time step the recognizer emits one character using a weighted combination of the convolutional feature vectors according to the learned attention model. Training can be done end-to-end using only word level annotations. In addition, we show that modifying the beam search algorithm by integrating an explicit language model leads to significantly better recognition results. We validate the performance of our approach on standard SVT and ICDAR'03 scene text datasets, showing state-of-the-art performance in unconstrained text recognition. |
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ICDAR |
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DAG; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ GhV2017b |
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3080 |
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Author |
Suman Ghosh; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
R-PHOC: Segmentation-Free Word Spotting using CNN |
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Conference Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
14th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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Convolutional neural network; Image segmentation; Artificial neural network; Nearest neighbor search |
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arXiv:1707.01294
This paper proposes a region based convolutional neural network for segmentation-free word spotting. Our network takes as input an image and a set of word candidate bound- ing boxes and embeds all bounding boxes into an embedding space, where word spotting can be casted as a simple nearest neighbour search between the query representation and each of the candidate bounding boxes. We make use of PHOC embedding as it has previously achieved significant success in segmentation- based word spotting. Word candidates are generated using a simple procedure based on grouping connected components using some spatial constraints. Experiments show that R-PHOC which operates on images directly can improve the current state-of- the-art in the standard GW dataset and performs as good as PHOCNET in some cases designed for segmentation based word spotting. |
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DAG; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ GhV2017a |
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3079 |
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Author |
Suman Ghosh; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
A Sliding Window Framework for Word Spotting Based on Word Attributes |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, Proceedings of 7th Iberian Conference , ibPRIA 2015 |
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9117 |
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652-661 |
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Word spotting; Sliding window; Word attributes |
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In this paper we propose a segmentation-free approach to word spotting. Word images are first encoded into feature vectors using Fisher Vector. Then, these feature vectors are used together with pyramidal histogram of characters labels (PHOC) to learn SVM-based attribute models. Documents are represented by these PHOC based word attributes. To efficiently compute the word attributes over a sliding window, we propose to use an integral image representation of the document using a simplified version of the attribute model. Finally we re-rank the top word candidates using the more discriminative full version of the word attributes. We show state-of-the-art results for segmentation-free query-by-example word spotting in single-writer and multi-writer standard datasets. |
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Santiago de Compostela; June 2015 |
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Springer International Publishing |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-319-19389-2 |
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IbPRIA |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ GhV2015b |
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2716 |
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Suman Ghosh; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
Query by String word spotting based on character bi-gram indexing |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition ICDAR2015 |
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881-885 |
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In this paper we propose a segmentation-free query by string word spotting method. Both the documents and query strings are encoded using a recently proposed word representa- tion that projects images and strings into a common atribute space based on a pyramidal histogram of characters(PHOC). These attribute models are learned using linear SVMs over the Fisher Vector representation of the images along with the PHOC labels of the corresponding strings. In order to search through the whole page, document regions are indexed per character bi- gram using a similar attribute representation. On top of that, we propose an integral image representation of the document using a simplified version of the attribute model for efficient computation. Finally we introduce a re-ranking step in order to boost retrieval performance. We show state-of-the-art results for segmentation-free query by string word spotting in single-writer and multi-writer standard datasets |
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Nancy; France; August 2015 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ GhV2015a |
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2715 |
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Author |
Suman Ghosh |
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Title |
Word Spotting and Recognition in Images from Heterogeneous Sources A |
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2018 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Text is the most common way of information sharing from ages. With recent development of personal images databases and handwritten historic manuscripts the demand for algorithms to make these databases accessible for browsing and indexing are in rise. Enabling search or understanding large collection of manuscripts or image databases needs fast and robust methods. Researchers have found different ways to represent cropped words for understanding and matching, which works well when words are already segmented. However there is no trivial way to extend these for non-segmented documents. In this thesis we explore different methods for text retrieval and recognition from unsegmented document and scene images. Two different ways of representation exist in literature, one uses a fixed length representation learned from cropped words and another a sequence of features of variable length. Throughout this thesis, we have studied both these representation for their suitability in segmentation free understanding of text. In the first part we are focused on segmentation free word spotting using a fixed length representation. We extended the use of the successful PHOC (Pyramidal Histogram of Character) representation to segmentation free retrieval. In the second part of the thesis, we explore sequence based features and finally, we propose a unified solution where the same framework can generate both kind of representations. |
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November 2018 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Ernest Valveny |
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978-84-948531-0-4 |
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DAG; 600.121 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ Gho2018 |
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3217 |
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Author |
Suman Ghosh; Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Ernest Valveny |
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Efficient indexing for Query By String text retrieval |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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6th IAPR International Workshop on Camera Based Document Analysis and Recognition CBDAR2015 |
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1236 - 1240 |
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This paper deals with Query By String word spotting in scene images. A hierarchical text segmentation algorithm based on text specific selective search is used to find text regions. These regions are indexed per character n-grams present in the text region. An attribute representation based on Pyramidal Histogram of Characters (PHOC) is used to compare text regions with the query text. For generation of the index a similar attribute space based Pyramidal Histogram of character n-grams is used. These attribute models are learned using linear SVMs over the Fisher Vector [1] representation of the images along with the PHOC labels of the corresponding strings. |
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Nancy; France; August 2015 |
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CBDAR |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ GGK2015 |
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2693 |
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