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Author Hassan Ahmed Sial; Ramon Baldrich; Maria Vanrell edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Deep intrinsic decomposition trained on surreal scenes yet with realistic light effects Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Journal of the Optical Society of America A Abbreviated Journal JOSA A  
  Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 1-15  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Estimation of intrinsic images still remains a challenging task due to weaknesses of ground-truth datasets, which either are too small or present non-realistic issues. On the other hand, end-to-end deep learning architectures start to achieve interesting results that we believe could be improved if important physical hints were not ignored. In this work, we present a twofold framework: (a) a flexible generation of images overcoming some classical dataset problems such as larger size jointly with coherent lighting appearance; and (b) a flexible architecture tying physical properties through intrinsic losses. Our proposal is versatile, presents low computation time, and achieves state-of-the-art results.  
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  Notes CIC; 600.140; 600.12; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SBV2019 Serial 3311  
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Author Khalid El Asnaoui; Petia Radeva edit  url
openurl 
  Title Automatically Assess Day Similarity Using Visual Lifelogs Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication International Journal of Intelligent Systems Abbreviated Journal IJIS  
  Volume 29 Issue Pages 298–310  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Today, we witness the appearance of many lifelogging cameras that are able to capture the life of a person wearing the camera and which produce a large number of images everyday. Automatically characterizing the experience and extracting patterns of behavior of individuals from this huge collection of unlabeled and unstructured egocentric data present major challenges and require novel and efficient algorithmic solutions. The main goal of this work is to propose a new method to automatically assess day similarity from the lifelogging images of a person. We propose a technique to measure the similarity between images based on the Swain’s distance and generalize it to detect the similarity between daily visual data. To this purpose, we apply the dynamic time warping (DTW) combined with the Swain’s distance for final day similarity estimation. For validation, we apply our technique on the Egocentric Dataset of University of Barcelona (EDUB) of 4912 daily images acquired by four persons with preliminary encouraging results.  
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  Notes MILAB; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number AsR2020 Serial 3409  
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Author Thomas B. Moeslund; Sergio Escalera; Gholamreza Anbarjafari; Kamal Nasrollahi; Jun Wan edit  url
openurl 
  Title Statistical Machine Learning for Human Behaviour Analysis Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Entropy Abbreviated Journal ENTROPY  
  Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 530  
  Keywords action recognition; emotion recognition; privacy-aware  
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  Notes HuPBA; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MEA2020 Serial 3441  
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Author Angel Morera; Angel Sanchez; A. Belen Moreno; Angel Sappa; Jose F. Velez edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title SSD vs. YOLO for Detection of Outdoor Urban Advertising Panels under Multiple Variabilities Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume 20 Issue 16 Pages 4587  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This work compares Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) and You Only Look Once (YOLO) deep neural networks for the outdoor advertisement panel detection problem by handling multiple and combined variabilities in the scenes. Publicity panel detection in images offers important advantages both in the real world as well as in the virtual one. For example, applications like Google Street View can be used for Internet publicity and when detecting these ads panels in images, it could be possible to replace the publicity appearing inside the panels by another from a funding company. In our experiments, both SSD and YOLO detectors have produced acceptable results under variable sizes of panels, illumination conditions, viewing perspectives, partial occlusion of panels, complex background and multiple panels in scenes. Due to the difficulty of finding annotated images for the considered problem, we created our own dataset for conducting the experiments. The major strength of the SSD model was the almost elimination of False Positive (FP) cases, situation that is preferable when the publicity contained inside the panel is analyzed after detecting them. On the other side, YOLO produced better panel localization results detecting a higher number of True Positive (TP) panels with a higher accuracy. Finally, a comparison of the two analyzed object detection models with different types of semantic segmentation networks and using the same evaluation metrics is also included.  
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  Notes MSIAU; 600.130; 601.349; 600.122 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MSM2020 Serial 3452  
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Author Fei Yang; Yongmei Cheng; Joost Van de Weijer; Mikhail Mozerov edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Improved Discrete Optical Flow Estimation With Triple Image Matching Cost Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication IEEE Access Abbreviated Journal ACCESS  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages 17093 - 17102  
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  Abstract Approaches that use more than two consecutive video frames in the optical flow estimation have a long research history. However, almost all such methods utilize extra information for a pre-processing flow prediction or for a post-processing flow correction and filtering. In contrast, this paper differs from previously developed techniques. We propose a new algorithm for the likelihood function calculation (alternatively the matching cost volume) that is used in the maximum a posteriori estimation. We exploit the fact that in general, optical flow is locally constant in the sense of time and the likelihood function depends on both the previous and the future frame. Implementation of our idea increases the robustness of optical flow estimation. As a result, our method outperforms 9% over the DCFlow technique, which we use as prototype for our CNN based computation architecture, on the most challenging MPI-Sintel dataset for the non-occluded mask metric. Furthermore, our approach considerably increases the accuracy of the flow estimation for the matching cost processing, consequently outperforming the original DCFlow algorithm results up to 50% in occluded regions and up to 9% in non-occluded regions on the MPI-Sintel dataset. The experimental section shows that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-arts results especially on the MPI-Sintel dataset.  
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  Notes LAMP; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ YCW2020 Serial 3345  
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Author Edgar Riba; D. Mishkin; Daniel Ponsa; E. Rublee; G. Bradski edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Kornia: an Open Source Differentiable Computer Vision Library for PyTorch Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal  
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  Address Aspen; Colorado; USA; March 2020  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference WACV  
  Notes MSIAU; 600.122; 600.130 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RMP2020 Serial 3291  
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Author Lorenzo Porzi; Markus Hofinger; Idoia Ruiz; Joan Serrat; Samuel Rota Bulo; Peter Kontschieder edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Learning Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation from Automatic Annotations Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication 33rd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 6845-6854  
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  Abstract In this work we contribute a novel pipeline to automatically generate training data, and to improve over state-of-the-art multi-object tracking and segmentation (MOTS) methods. Our proposed track mining algorithm turns raw street-level videos into high-fidelity MOTS training data, is scalable and overcomes the need of expensive and time-consuming manual annotation approaches. We leverage state-of-the-art instance segmentation results in combination with optical flow predictions, also trained on automatically harvested training data. Our second major contribution is MOTSNet – a deep learning, tracking-by-detection architecture for MOTS – deploying a novel mask-pooling layer for improved object association over time. Training MOTSNet with our automatically extracted data leads to significantly improved sMOTSA scores on the novel KITTI MOTS dataset (+1.9%/+7.5% on cars/pedestrians), and MOTSNet improves by +4.1% over previously best methods on the MOTSChallenge dataset. Our most impressive finding is that we can improve over previous best-performing works, even in complete absence of manually annotated MOTS training data.  
  Address virtual; June 2020  
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  Area Expedition Conference CVPR  
  Notes ADAS; 600.124; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PHR2020 Serial 3402  
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Author Debora Gil; Antonio Esteban Lansaque; Agnes Borras; Esmitt Ramirez; Carles Sanchez edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Intraoperative Extraction of Airways Anatomy in VideoBronchoscopy Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication IEEE Access Abbreviated Journal ACCESS  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages 159696 - 159704  
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  Abstract A main bottleneck in bronchoscopic biopsy sampling is to efficiently reach the lesion navigating across bronchial levels. Any guidance system should be able to localize the scope position during the intervention with minimal costs and alteration of clinical protocols. With the final goal of an affordable image-based guidance, this work presents a novel strategy to extract and codify the anatomical structure of bronchi, as well as, the scope navigation path from videobronchoscopy. Experiments using interventional data show that our method accurately identifies the bronchial structure. Meanwhile, experiments using simulated data verify that the extracted navigation path matches the 3D route.  
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  Notes IAM; 600.139; 600.145 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GEB2020 Serial 3467  
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Author Albert Clapes; Julio C. S. Jacques Junior; Carla Morral; Sergio Escalera edit  url
openurl 
  Title ChaLearn LAP 2020 Challenge on Identity-preserved Human Detection: Dataset and Results Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication 15th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 801-808  
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  Abstract This paper summarizes the ChaLearn Looking at People 2020 Challenge on Identity-preserved Human Detection (IPHD). For the purpose, we released a large novel dataset containing more than 112K pairs of spatiotemporally aligned depth and thermal frames (and 175K instances of humans) sampled from 780 sequences. The sequences contain hundreds of non-identifiable people appearing in a mix of in-the-wild and scripted scenarios recorded in public and private places. The competition was divided into three tracks depending on the modalities exploited for the detection: (1) depth, (2) thermal, and (3) depth-thermal fusion. Color was also captured but only used to facilitate the groundtruth annotation. Still the temporal synchronization of three sensory devices is challenging, so bad temporal matches across modalities can occur. Hence, the labels provided should considered “weak”, although test frames were carefully selected to minimize this effect and ensure the fairest comparison of the participants’ results. Despite this added difficulty, the results got by the participants demonstrate current fully-supervised methods can deal with that and achieve outstanding detection performance when measured in terms of AP@0.50.  
  Address Virtual; November 2020  
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  Area Expedition Conference FG  
  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CJM2020 Serial 3501  
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Author Estefania Talavera; Maria Leyva-Vallina; Md. Mostafa Kamal Sarker; Domenec Puig; Nicolai Petkov; Petia Radeva edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Hierarchical approach to classify food scenes in egocentric photo-streams Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics Abbreviated Journal J-BHI  
  Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 866 - 877  
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  Abstract Recent studies have shown that the environment where people eat can affect their nutritional behaviour. In this work, we provide automatic tools for a personalised analysis of a person's health habits by the examination of daily recorded egocentric photo-streams. Specifically, we propose a new automatic approach for the classification of food-related environments, that is able to classify up to 15 such scenes. In this way, people can monitor the context around their food intake in order to get an objective insight into their daily eating routine. We propose a model that classifies food-related scenes organized in a semantic hierarchy. Additionally, we present and make available a new egocentric dataset composed of more than 33000 images recorded by a wearable camera, over which our proposed model has been tested. Our approach obtains an accuracy and F-score of 56\% and 65\%, respectively, clearly outperforming the baseline methods.  
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  Notes MILAB; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ TLM2020 Serial 3380  
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Author Akhil Gurram; Onay Urfalioglu; Ibrahim Halfaoui; Fahd Bouzaraa; Antonio Lopez edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Semantic Monocular Depth Estimation Based on Artificial Intelligence Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine Abbreviated Journal ITSM  
  Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 99-103  
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  Abstract Depth estimation provides essential information to perform autonomous driving and driver assistance. A promising line of work consists of introducing additional semantic information about the traffic scene when training CNNs for depth estimation. In practice, this means that the depth data used for CNN training is complemented with images having pixel-wise semantic labels where the same raw training data is associated with both types of ground truth, i.e., depth and semantic labels. The main contribution of this paper is to show that this hard constraint can be circumvented, i.e., that we can train CNNs for depth estimation by leveraging the depth and semantic information coming from heterogeneous datasets. In order to illustrate the benefits of our approach, we combine KITTI depth and Cityscapes semantic segmentation datasets, outperforming state-of-the-art results on monocular depth estimation.  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.124; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GUH2019 Serial 3306  
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Author Fei Yang; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer; Jose Antonio Iglesias; Antonio Lopez; Mikhail Mozerov edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Variable Rate Deep Image Compression with Modulated Autoencoder Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication IEEE Signal Processing Letters Abbreviated Journal SPL  
  Volume 27 Issue Pages 331-335  
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  Abstract Variable rate is a requirement for flexible and adaptable image and video compression. However, deep image compression methods (DIC) are optimized for a single fixed rate-distortion (R-D) tradeoff. While this can be addressed by training multiple models for different tradeoffs, the memory requirements increase proportionally to the number of models. Scaling the bottleneck representation of a shared autoencoder can provide variable rate compression with a single shared autoencoder. However, the R-D performance using this simple mechanism degrades in low bitrates, and also shrinks the effective range of bitrates. To address these limitations, we formulate the problem of variable R-D optimization for DIC, and propose modulated autoencoders (MAEs), where the representations of a shared autoencoder are adapted to the specific R-D tradeoff via a modulation network. Jointly training this modulated autoencoder and the modulation network provides an effective way to navigate the R-D operational curve. Our experiments show that the proposed method can achieve almost the same R-D performance of independent models with significantly fewer parameters.  
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  Notes LAMP; ADAS; 600.141; 600.120; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ YHW2020 Serial 3346  
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Author Margarita Torre; Beatriz Remeseiro; Petia Radeva; Fernando Martinez edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title DeepNEM: Deep Network Energy-Minimization for Agricultural Field Segmentation Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing Abbreviated Journal JSTAEOR  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 726-737  
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  Abstract One of the main characteristics of agricultural fields is that the appearance of different crops and their growth status, in an aerial image, is varied, and has a wide range of radiometric values and high level of variability. The extraction of these fields and their monitoring are activities that require a high level of human intervention. In this article, we propose a novel automatic algorithm, named deep network energy-minimization (DeepNEM), to extract agricultural fields in aerial images. The model-guided process selects the most relevant image clues extracted by a deep network, completes them and finally generates regions that represent the agricultural fields under a minimization scheme. DeepNEM has been tested over a broad range of fields in terms of size, shape, and content. Different measures were used to compare the DeepNEM with other methods, and to prove that it represents an improved approach to achieve a high-quality segmentation of agricultural fields. Furthermore, this article also presents a new public dataset composed of 1200 images with their parcels boundaries annotations.  
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  Notes MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ TRR2020 Serial 3410  
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Author Shifeng Zhang; Ajian Liu; Jun Wan; Yanyan Liang; Guogong Guo; Sergio Escalera; Hugo Jair Escalante; Stan Z. Li edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title CASIA-SURF: A Dataset and Benchmark for Large-scale Multi-modal Face Anti-spoofing Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science Abbreviated Journal TTBIS  
  Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 182 - 193  
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  Abstract Face anti-spoofing is essential to prevent face recognition systems from a security breach. Much of the progresses have been made by the availability of face anti-spoofing benchmark datasets in recent years. However, existing face anti-spoofing benchmarks have limited number of subjects (≤170) and modalities (≤2), which hinder the further development of the academic community. To facilitate face anti-spoofing research, we introduce a large-scale multi-modal dataset, namely CASIA-SURF, which is the largest publicly available dataset for face anti-spoofing in terms of both subjects and modalities. Specifically, it consists of 1,000 subjects with 21,000 videos and each sample has 3 modalities ( i.e. , RGB, Depth and IR). We also provide comprehensive evaluation metrics, diverse evaluation protocols, training/validation/testing subsets and a measurement tool, developing a new benchmark for face anti-spoofing. Moreover, we present a novel multi-modal multi-scale fusion method as a strong baseline, which performs feature re-weighting to select the more informative channel features while suppressing the less useful ones for each modality across different scales. Extensive experiments have been conducted on the proposed dataset to verify its significance and generalization capability. The dataset is available at https://sites.google.com/qq.com/face-anti-spoofing/welcome/challengecvpr2019?authuser=0  
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  Notes HuPBA; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ ZLW2020 Serial 3412  
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Author Alejandro Cartas; Petia Radeva; Mariella Dimiccoli edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Activities of Daily Living Monitoring via a Wearable Camera: Toward Real-World Applications Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication IEEE Access Abbreviated Journal ACCESS  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages 77344 - 77363  
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  Abstract Activity recognition from wearable photo-cameras is crucial for lifestyle characterization and health monitoring. However, to enable its wide-spreading use in real-world applications, a high level of generalization needs to be ensured on unseen users. Currently, state-of-the-art methods have been tested only on relatively small datasets consisting of data collected by a few users that are partially seen during training. In this paper, we built a new egocentric dataset acquired by 15 people through a wearable photo-camera and used it to test the generalization capabilities of several state-of-the-art methods for egocentric activity recognition on unseen users and daily image sequences. In addition, we propose several variants to state-of-the-art deep learning architectures, and we show that it is possible to achieve 79.87% accuracy on users unseen during training. Furthermore, to show that the proposed dataset and approach can be useful in real-world applications, where data can be acquired by different wearable cameras and labeled data are scarcely available, we employed a domain adaptation strategy on two egocentric activity recognition benchmark datasets. These experiments show that the model learned with our dataset, can easily be transferred to other domains with a very small amount of labeled data. Taken together, those results show that activity recognition from wearable photo-cameras is mature enough to be tested in real-world applications.  
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  Notes MILAB; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CRD2020 Serial 3436  
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