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	Author	Mingyi Yang; Fei Yang; Luka Murn; Marc Gorriz Blanch; Juil Sock; Shuai Wan; Fuzheng Yang; Luis Herranz
	Title	Task-Switchable Pre-Processor for Image Compression for Multiple Machine Vision Tasks			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2024	Publication	IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	M Yang, F Yang, L Murn, MG Blanch, J Sock, S Wan, F Yang, L Herranz
	Abstract	Visual content is increasingly being processed by machines for various automated content analysis tasks instead of being consumed by humans. Despite the existence of several compression methods tailored for machine tasks, few consider real-world scenarios with multiple tasks. In this paper, we aim to address this gap by proposing a task-switchable pre-processor that optimizes input images specifically for machine consumption prior to encoding by an off-the-shelf codec designed for human consumption. The proposed task-switchable pre-processor adeptly maintains relevant semantic information based on the specific characteristics of different downstream tasks, while effectively suppressing irrelevant information to reduce bitrate. To enhance the processing of semantic information for diverse tasks, we leverage pre-extracted semantic features to modulate the pixel-to-pixel mapping within the pre-processor. By switching between different modulations, multiple tasks can be seamlessly incorporated into the system. Extensive experiments demonstrate the practicality and simplicity of our approach. It significantly reduces the number of parameters required for handling multiple tasks while still delivering impressive performance. Our method showcases the potential to achieve efficient and effective compression for machine vision tasks, supporting the evolving demands of real-world applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	xxx			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ YYM2024			Serial	4007
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	Author	Marta Diez-Ferrer; Debora Gil; Elena Carreño; Susana Padrones; Samantha Aso; Vanesa Vicens; Noelia Cubero de Frutos; Rosa Lopez Lisbona; Carles Sanchez; Agnes Borras; Antoni Rosell
	Title	Positive Airway Pressure-Enhanced CT to Improve Virtual Bronchoscopic Navigation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	European Respiratory Journal	Abbreviated Journal	ERJ
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	IAM			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ DGC2017b			Serial	3632
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	Author	Jose Luis Gomez; Gabriel Villalonga; Antonio Lopez
	Title	Co-Training for Deep Object Detection: Comparing Single-Modal and Multi-Modal Approaches			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Sensors	Abbreviated Journal	SENS
	Volume	21	Issue	9	Pages	3185
	Keywords	co-training; multi-modality; vision-based object detection; ADAS; self-driving
	Abstract	Top-performing computer vision models are powered by convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Training an accurate CNN highly depends on both the raw sensor data and their associated ground truth (GT). Collecting such GT is usually done through human labeling, which is time-consuming and does not scale as we wish. This data-labeling bottleneck may be intensified due to domain shifts among image sensors, which could force per-sensor data labeling. In this paper, we focus on the use of co-training, a semi-supervised learning (SSL) method, for obtaining self-labeled object bounding boxes (BBs), i.e., the GT to train deep object detectors. In particular, we assess the goodness of multi-modal co-training by relying on two different views of an image, namely, appearance (RGB) and estimated depth (D). Moreover, we compare appearance-based single-modal co-training with multi-modal. Our results suggest that in a standard SSL setting (no domain shift, a few human-labeled data) and under virtual-to-real domain shift (many virtual-world labeled data, no human-labeled data) multi-modal co-training outperforms single-modal. In the latter case, by performing GAN-based domain translation both co-training modalities are on par, at least when using an off-the-shelf depth estimation model not specifically trained on the translated images.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS; 600.118			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ GVL2021			Serial	3562
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	Author	Angel Morera; Angel Sanchez; A. Belen Moreno; Angel Sappa; Jose F. Velez
	Title	SSD vs. YOLO for Detection of Outdoor Urban Advertising Panels under Multiple Variabilities			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Sensors	Abbreviated Journal	SENS
	Volume	20	Issue	16	Pages	4587
	Keywords
	Abstract	This work compares Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) and You Only Look Once (YOLO) deep neural networks for the outdoor advertisement panel detection problem by handling multiple and combined variabilities in the scenes. Publicity panel detection in images offers important advantages both in the real world as well as in the virtual one. For example, applications like Google Street View can be used for Internet publicity and when detecting these ads panels in images, it could be possible to replace the publicity appearing inside the panels by another from a funding company. In our experiments, both SSD and YOLO detectors have produced acceptable results under variable sizes of panels, illumination conditions, viewing perspectives, partial occlusion of panels, complex background and multiple panels in scenes. Due to the difficulty of finding annotated images for the considered problem, we created our own dataset for conducting the experiments. The major strength of the SSD model was the almost elimination of False Positive (FP) cases, situation that is preferable when the publicity contained inside the panel is analyzed after detecting them. On the other side, YOLO produced better panel localization results detecting a higher number of True Positive (TP) panels with a higher accuracy. Finally, a comparison of the two analyzed object detection models with different types of semantic segmentation networks and using the same evaluation metrics is also included.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MSIAU; 600.130; 601.349; 600.122			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ MSM2020			Serial	3452
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	Author	Xavier Soria; Angel Sappa; Riad I. Hammoud
	Title	Wide-Band Color Imagery Restoration for RGB-NIR Single Sensor Images			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Sensors	Abbreviated Journal	SENS
	Volume	18	Issue	7	Pages	2059
	Keywords	RGB-NIR sensor; multispectral imaging; deep learning; CNNs
	Abstract	Multi-spectral RGB-NIR sensors have become ubiquitous in recent years. These sensors allow the visible and near-infrared spectral bands of a given scene to be captured at the same time. With such cameras, the acquired imagery has a compromised RGB color representation due to near-infrared bands (700–1100 nm) cross-talking with the visible bands (400–700 nm). This paper proposes two deep learning-based architectures to recover the full RGB color images, thus removing the NIR information from the visible bands. The proposed approaches directly restore the high-resolution RGB image by means of convolutional neural networks. They are evaluated with several outdoor images; both architectures reach a similar performance when evaluated in different scenarios and using different similarity metrics. Both of them improve the state of the art approaches.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS; MSIAU; 600.086; 600.130; 600.122; 600.118			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ SSH2018			Serial	3145
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	Author	Wenjuan Gong; Xuena Zhang; Jordi Gonzalez; Andrews Sobral; Thierry Bouwmans; Changhe Tu; El-hadi Zahzah
	Title	Human Pose Estimation from Monocular Images: A Comprehensive Survey			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Sensors	Abbreviated Journal	SENS
	Volume	16	Issue	12	Pages	1966
	Keywords	human pose estimation; human bodymodels; generativemethods; discriminativemethods; top-down methods; bottom-up methods
	Abstract	Human pose estimation refers to the estimation of the location of body parts and how they are connected in an image. Human pose estimation from monocular images has wide applications (e.g., image indexing). Several surveys on human pose estimation can be found in the literature, but they focus on a certain category; for example, model-based approaches or human motion analysis, etc. As far as we know, an overall review of this problem domain has yet to be provided. Furthermore, recent advancements based on deep learning have brought novel algorithms for this problem. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of human pose estimation from monocular images is carried out including milestone works and recent advancements. Based on one standard pipeline for the solution of computer vision problems, this survey splits the problem into several modules: feature extraction and description, human body models, and modeling methods. Problem modeling methods are approached based on two means of categorization in this survey. One way to categorize includes top-down and bottom-up methods, and another way includes generative and discriminative methods. Considering the fact that one direct application of human pose estimation is to provide initialization for automatic video surveillance, there are additional sections for motion-related methods in all modules: motion features, motion models, and motion-based methods. Finally, the paper also collects 26 publicly available data sets for validation and provides error measurement methods that are frequently used.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ISE; 600.098; 600.119			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ GZG2016			Serial	2933
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	Author	Javier Marin; Sergio Escalera
	Title	SSSGAN: Satellite Style and Structure Generative Adversarial Networks			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Remote Sensing	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	13	Issue	19	Pages	3984
	Keywords
	Abstract	This work presents Satellite Style and Structure Generative Adversarial Network (SSGAN), a generative model of high resolution satellite imagery to support image segmentation. Based on spatially adaptive denormalization modules (SPADE) that modulate the activations with respect to segmentation map structure, in addition to global descriptor vectors that capture the semantic information in a vector with respect to Open Street Maps (OSM) classes, this model is able to produce consistent aerial imagery. By decoupling the generation of aerial images into a structure map and a carefully defined style vector, we were able to improve the realism and geodiversity of the synthesis with respect to the state-of-the-art baseline. Therefore, the proposed model allows us to control the generation not only with respect to the desired structure, but also with respect to a geographic area.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	HUPBA; no proj			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ MaE2021			Serial	3651
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	Author	Wenwen Fu; Zhihong An; Wendong Huang; Haoran Sun; Wenjuan Gong; Jordi Gonzalez
	Title	A Spatio-Temporal Spotting Network with Sliding Windows for Micro-Expression Detection			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Electronics	Abbreviated Journal	ELEC
	Volume	12	Issue	18	Pages	3947
	Keywords	micro-expression spotting; sliding window; key frame extraction
	Abstract	Micro-expressions reveal underlying emotions and are widely applied in political psychology, lie detection, law enforcement and medical care. Micro-expression spotting aims to detect the temporal locations of facial expressions from video sequences and is a crucial task in micro-expression recognition. In this study, the problem of micro-expression spotting is formulated as micro-expression classification per frame. We propose an effective spotting model with sliding windows called the spatio-temporal spotting network. The method involves a sliding window detection mechanism, combines the spatial features from the local key frames and the global temporal features and performs micro-expression spotting. The experiments are conducted on the CAS(ME)2 database and the SAMM Long Videos database, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art method by 30.58% for the CAS(ME)2 and 23.98% for the SAMM Long Videos according to overall F-scores.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ FAH2023			Serial	3864
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	Author	Dorota Kaminska; Kadir Aktas; Davit Rizhinashvili; Danila Kuklyanov; Abdallah Hussein Sham; Sergio Escalera; Kamal Nasrollahi; Thomas B. Moeslund; Gholamreza Anbarjafari
	Title	Two-stage Recognition and Beyond for Compound Facial Emotion Recognition			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Electronics	Abbreviated Journal	ELEC
	Volume	10	Issue	22	Pages	2847
	Keywords	compound emotion recognition; facial expression recognition; dominant and complementary emotion recognition; deep learning
	Abstract	Facial emotion recognition is an inherently complex problem due to individual diversity in facial features and racial and cultural differences. Moreover, facial expressions typically reflect the mixture of people’s emotional statuses, which can be expressed using compound emotions. Compound facial emotion recognition makes the problem even more difficult because the discrimination between dominant and complementary emotions is usually weak. We have created a database that includes 31,250 facial images with different emotions of 115 subjects whose gender distribution is almost uniform to address compound emotion recognition. In addition, we have organized a competition based on the proposed dataset, held at FG workshop 2020. This paper analyzes the winner’s approach—a two-stage recognition method (1st stage, coarse recognition; 2nd stage, fine recognition), which enhances the classification of symmetrical emotion labels.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	HUPBA; no proj			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ KAR2021			Serial	3642
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	Author	Thomas B. Moeslund; Sergio Escalera; Gholamreza Anbarjafari; Kamal Nasrollahi; Jun Wan
	Title	Statistical Machine Learning for Human Behaviour Analysis			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Entropy	Abbreviated Journal	ENTROPY
	Volume	25	Issue	5	Pages	530
	Keywords	action recognition; emotion recognition; privacy-aware
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	HuPBA; no proj			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ MEA2020			Serial	3441
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	Author	Anders Skaarup Johansen; Kamal Nasrollahi; Sergio Escalera; Thomas B. Moeslund
	Title	Who Cares about the Weather? Inferring Weather Conditions for Weather-Aware Object Detection in Thermal Images			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Applied Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	AS
	Volume	13	Issue	18	Pages
	Keywords	thermal; object detection; concept drift; conditioning; weather recognition
	Abstract	Deployments of real-world object detection systems often experience a degradation in performance over time due to concept drift. Systems that leverage thermal cameras are especially susceptible because the respective thermal signatures of objects and their surroundings are highly sensitive to environmental changes. In this study, two types of weather-aware latent conditioning methods are investigated. The proposed method aims to guide two object detectors, (YOLOv5 and Deformable DETR) to become weather-aware. This is achieved by leveraging an auxiliary branch that predicts weather-related information while conditioning intermediate layers of the object detector. While the conditioning methods proposed do not directly improve the accuracy of baseline detectors, it can be observed that conditioned networks manage to extract a weather-related signal from the thermal images, thus resulting in a decreased miss rate at the cost of increased false positives. The extracted signal appears noisy and is thus challenging to regress accurately. This is most likely a result of the qualitative nature of the thermal sensor; thus, further work is needed to identify an ideal method for optimizing the conditioning branch, as well as to further improve the accuracy of the system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	HUPBA			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ SNE2023			Serial	3983
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	Author	Olivier Penacchio; Xavier Otazu; Arnold J Wilkings; Sara M. Haigh
	Title	A mechanistic account of visual discomfort			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Frontiers in Neuroscience	Abbreviated Journal	FN
	Volume	17	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Much of the neural machinery of the early visual cortex, from the extraction of local orientations to contextual modulations through lateral interactions, is thought to have developed to provide a sparse encoding of contour in natural scenes, allowing the brain to process efficiently most of the visual scenes we are exposed to. Certain visual stimuli, however, cause visual stress, a set of adverse effects ranging from simple discomfort to migraine attacks, and epileptic seizures in the extreme, all phenomena linked with an excessive metabolic demand. The theory of efficient coding suggests a link between excessive metabolic demand and images that deviate from natural statistics. Yet, the mechanisms linking energy demand and image spatial content in discomfort remain elusive. Here, we used theories of visual coding that link image spatial structure and brain activation to characterize the response to images observers reported as uncomfortable in a biologically based neurodynamic model of the early visual cortex that included excitatory and inhibitory layers to implement contextual influences. We found three clear markers of aversive images: a larger overall activation in the model, a less sparse response, and a more unbalanced distribution of activity across spatial orientations. When the ratio of excitation over inhibition was increased in the model, a phenomenon hypothesised to underlie interindividual differences in susceptibility to visual discomfort, the three markers of discomfort progressively shifted toward values typical of the response to uncomfortable stimuli. Overall, these findings propose a unifying mechanistic explanation for why there are differences between images and between observers, suggesting how visual input and idiosyncratic hyperexcitability give rise to abnormal brain responses that result in visual stress.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	NEUROBIT			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ POW2023			Serial	3886
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	Author	Khalid El Asnaoui; Petia Radeva
	Title	Automatically Assess Day Similarity Using Visual Lifelogs			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	International Journal of Intelligent Systems	Abbreviated Journal	IJIS
	Volume	29	Issue		Pages	298–310
	Keywords
	Abstract	Today, we witness the appearance of many lifelogging cameras that are able to capture the life of a person wearing the camera and which produce a large number of images everyday. Automatically characterizing the experience and extracting patterns of behavior of individuals from this huge collection of unlabeled and unstructured egocentric data present major challenges and require novel and efficient algorithmic solutions. The main goal of this work is to propose a new method to automatically assess day similarity from the lifelogging images of a person. We propose a technique to measure the similarity between images based on the Swain’s distance and generalize it to detect the similarity between daily visual data. To this purpose, we apply the dynamic time warping (DTW) combined with the Swain’s distance for final day similarity estimation. For validation, we apply our technique on the Egocentric Dataset of University of Barcelona (EDUB) of 4912 daily images acquired by four persons with preliminary encouraging results.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MILAB; no proj			Approved	no
	Call Number	AsR2020			Serial	3409
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	Author	Javier Vazquez; Graham D. Finlayson; Luis Herranz
	Title	Improving the perception of low-light enhanced images			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2024	Publication	Optics Express	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	32	Issue	4	Pages	5174-5190
	Keywords
	Abstract	Improving images captured under low-light conditions has become an important topic in computational color imaging, as it has a wide range of applications. Most current methods are either based on handcrafted features or on end-to-end training of deep neural networks that mostly focus on minimizing some distortion metric —such as PSNR or SSIM— on a set of training images. However, the minimization of distortion metrics does not mean that the results are optimal in terms of perception (i.e. perceptual quality). As an example, the perception-distortion trade-off states that, close to the optimal results, improving distortion results in worsening perception. This means that current low-light image enhancement methods —that focus on distortion minimization— cannot be optimal in the sense of obtaining a good image in terms of perception errors. In this paper, we propose a post-processing approach in which, given the original low-light image and the result of a specific method, we are able to obtain a result that resembles as much as possible that of the original method, but, at the same time, giving an improvement in the perception of the final image. More in detail, our method follows the hypothesis that in order to minimally modify the perception of an input image, any modification should be a combination of a local change in the shading across a scene and a global change in illumination color. We demonstrate the ability of our method quantitatively using perceptual blind image metrics such as BRISQUE, NIQE, or UNIQUE, and through user preference tests.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MACO			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ VFH2024			Serial	4018
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	Author	Hassan Ahmed Sial; Ramon Baldrich; Maria Vanrell
	Title	Deep intrinsic decomposition trained on surreal scenes yet with realistic light effects			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Journal of the Optical Society of America A	Abbreviated Journal	JOSA A
	Volume	37	Issue	1	Pages	1-15
	Keywords
	Abstract	Estimation of intrinsic images still remains a challenging task due to weaknesses of ground-truth datasets, which either are too small or present non-realistic issues. On the other hand, end-to-end deep learning architectures start to achieve interesting results that we believe could be improved if important physical hints were not ignored. In this work, we present a twofold framework: (a) a flexible generation of images overcoming some classical dataset problems such as larger size jointly with coherent lighting appearance; and (b) a flexible architecture tying physical properties through intrinsic losses. Our proposal is versatile, presents low computation time, and achieves state-of-the-art results.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	CIC; 600.140; 600.12; 600.118			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ SBV2019			Serial	3311
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