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| Author | Miquel Ferrer; Ernest Valveny; F. Serratosa | ||||
| Title | Median Graphs: A Genetic Approach based on New Theoretical Properties | Type  |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 42 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 2003–2012 |
| Keywords | Median graph; Genetic search; Maximum common subgraph; Graph matching; Structural pattern recognition | ||||
| Abstract | Given a set of graphs, the median graph has been theoretically presented as a useful concept to infer a representative of the set. However, the computation of the median graph is a highly complex task and its practical application has been very limited up to now. In this work we present two major contributions. On one side, and from a theoretical point of view, we show new theoretical properties of the median graph. On the other side, using these new properties, we present a new approximate algorithm based on the genetic search, that improves the computation of the median graph. Finally, we perform a set of experiments on real data, where none of the existing algorithms for the median graph computation could be applied up to now due to their computational complexity. With these results, we show how the concept of the median graph can be used in real applications and leaves the box of the only-theoretical concepts, demonstrating, from a practical point of view, that can be a useful tool to represent a set of graphs. | ||||
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| Notes | DAG | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | DAG @ dag @ FVS2009b | Serial | 1167 | ||
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| Author | Daniel Ponsa; Antonio Lopez | ||||
| Title | Variance reduction techniques in particle-based visual contour Tracking | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 42 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 2372–2391 |
| Keywords | Contour tracking; Active shape models; Kalman filter; Particle filter; Importance sampling; Unscented particle filter; Rao-Blackwellization; Partitioned sampling | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents a comparative study of three different strategies to improve the performance of particle filters, in the context of visual contour tracking: the unscented particle filter, the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter, and the partitioned sampling technique. The tracking problem analyzed is the joint estimation of the global and local transformation of the outline of a given target, represented following the active shape model approach. The main contributions of the paper are the novel adaptations of the considered techniques on this generic problem, and the quantitative assessment of their performance in extensive experimental work done. | ||||
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| Notes | ADAS | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ADAS @ adas @ PoL2009a | Serial | 1168 | ||
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| Author | Pau Baiget; Carles Fernandez; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez | ||||
| Title | Generation of Augmented Video Sequences Combining Behavioral Animation and Multi Object Tracking | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 473–489 |
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| Abstract | In this paper we present a novel approach to generate augmented video sequences in real-time, involving interactions between virtual and real agents in real scenarios. On the one hand, real agent motion is estimated by means of a multi-object tracking algorithm, which determines real objects' position over the scenario for each time step. On the other hand, virtual agents are provided with behavior models considering their interaction with the environment and with other agents. The resulting framework allows to generate video sequences involving behavior-based virtual agents that react to real agent behavior and has applications in education, simulation, and in the game and movie industries. We show the performance of the proposed approach in an indoor and outdoor scenario simulating human and vehicle agents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
We present a novel approach to generate augmented video sequences in real-time, involving interactions between virtual and real agents in real scenarios. On the one hand, real agent motion is estimated by means of a multi-object tracking algorithm, which determines real objects' position over the scenario for each time step. On the other hand, virtual agents are provided with behavior models considering their interaction with the environment and with other agents. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
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| Notes | ISE | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ISE @ ise @ BFR2009 | Serial | 1170 | ||
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| Author | Javier Vazquez; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell; Ramon Baldrich | ||||
| Title | Color Constancy Algorithms: Psychophysical Evaluation on a New Dataset | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Journal of Imaging Science and Technology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 53 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 031105–9 |
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| Abstract | The estimation of the illuminant of a scene from a digital image has been the goal of a large amount of research in computer vision. Color constancy algorithms have dealt with this problem by defining different heuristics to select a unique solution from within the feasible set. The performance of these algorithms has shown that there is still a long way to go to globally solve this problem as a preliminary step in computer vision. In general, performance evaluation has been done by comparing the angular error between the estimated chromaticity and the chromaticity of a canonical illuminant, which is highly dependent on the image dataset. Recently, some workers have used high-level constraints to estimate illuminants; in this case selection is based on increasing the performance on the subsequent steps of the systems. In this paper we propose a new performance measure, the perceptual angular error. It evaluates the performance of a color constancy algorithm according to the perceptual preferences of humans, or naturalness (instead of the actual optimal solution) and is independent of the visual task. We show the results of a new psychophysical experiment comparing solutions from three different color constancy algorithms. Our results show that in more than a half of the judgments the preferred solution is not the one closest to the optimal solution. Our experiments were performed on a new dataset of images acquired with a calibrated camera with an attached neutral grey sphere, which better copes with the illuminant variations of the scene. | ||||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | CAT @ cat @ VPV2009a | Serial | 1171 | ||
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| Author | Marçal Rusiñol; Agnes Borras; Josep Llados | ||||
| Title | Relational Indexing of Vectorial Primitives for Symbol Spotting in Line-Drawing Images | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Pattern Recognition Letters | Abbreviated Journal | PRL |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 188–201 |
| Keywords | Document image analysis and recognition, Graphics recognition, Symbol spotting ,Vectorial representations, Line-drawings | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents a symbol spotting approach for indexing by content a database of line-drawing images. As line-drawings are digital-born documents designed by vectorial softwares, instead of using a pixel-based approach, we present a spotting method based on vector primitives. Graphical symbols are represented by a set of vectorial primitives which are described by an off-the-shelf shape descriptor. A relational indexing strategy aims to retrieve symbol locations into the target documents by using a combined numerical-relational description of 2D structures. The zones which are likely to contain the queried symbol are validated by a Hough-like voting scheme. In addition, a performance evaluation framework for symbol spotting in graphical documents is proposed. The presented methodology has been evaluated with a benchmarking set of architectural documents achieving good performance results. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | DAG | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | DAG @ dag @ RBL2010 | Serial | 1177 | ||
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| Author | Sergio Escalera; Alicia Fornes; O. Pujol; Petia Radeva; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados | ||||
| Title | Blurred Shape Model for Binary and Grey-level Symbol Recognition | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Pattern Recognition Letters | Abbreviated Journal | PRL |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 1424–1433 |
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| Abstract | Many symbol recognition problems require the use of robust descriptors in order to obtain rich information of the data. However, the research of a good descriptor is still an open issue due to the high variability of symbols appearance. Rotation, partial occlusions, elastic deformations, intra-class and inter-class variations, or high variability among symbols due to different writing styles, are just a few problems. In this paper, we introduce a symbol shape description to deal with the changes in appearance that these types of symbols suffer. The shape of the symbol is aligned based on principal components to make the recognition invariant to rotation and reflection. Then, we present the Blurred Shape Model descriptor (BSM), where new features encode the probability of appearance of each pixel that outlines the symbols shape. Moreover, we include the new descriptor in a system to deal with multi-class symbol categorization problems. Adaboost is used to train the binary classifiers, learning the BSM features that better split symbol classes. Then, the binary problems are embedded in an Error-Correcting Output Codes framework (ECOC) to deal with the multi-class case. The methodology is evaluated on different synthetic and real data sets. State-of-the-art descriptors and classifiers are compared, showing the robustness and better performance of the present scheme to classify symbols with high variability of appearance. | ||||
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| Notes | HuPBA; DAG; MILAB | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EFP2009a | Serial | 1180 | ||
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| Author | Javier Vazquez; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell | ||||
| Title | Ordinal pairwise method for natural images comparison | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Perception | Abbreviated Journal | PER |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | Pages | 180 | |
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| Abstract | 38(Suppl.)ECVP Abstract Supplement
We developed a new psychophysical method to compare different colour appearance models when applied to natural scenes. The method was as follows: two images (processed by different algorithms) were displayed on a CRT monitor and observers were asked to select the most natural of them. The original images were gathered by means of a calibrated trichromatic digital camera and presented one on top of the other on a calibrated screen. The selection was made by pressing on a 6-button IR box, which allowed observers to consider not only the most natural but to rate their selection. The rating system allowed observers to register how much more natural was their chosen image (eg, much more, definitely more, slightly more), which gave us valuable extra information on the selection process. The results were analysed considering both the selection as a binary choice (using Thurstone's law of comparative judgement) and using Bradley-Terry method for ordinal comparison. Our results show a significant difference in the rating scales obtained. Although this method has been used in colour constancy algorithm comparisons, its uses are much wider, eg to compare algorithms of image compression, rendering, recolouring, etc. |
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | CAT @ cat @ VPV2009b | Serial | 1191 | ||
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| Author | Robert Benavente; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell | ||||
| Title | Colour categories boundaries are better defined in contextual conditions | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Perception | Abbreviated Journal | PER |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | Pages | 36 | |
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| Abstract | In a previous experiment [Parraga et al, 2009 Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 53(3)] the boundaries between basic colour categories were measured by asking subjects to categorize colour samples presented in isolation (ie on a dark background) using a YES/NO paradigm. Results showed that some boundaries (eg green – blue) were very diffuse and the subjects' answers presented bimodal distributions, which were attributed to the emergence of non-basic categories in those regions (eg turquoise). To confirm these results we performed a new experiment focussed on the boundaries where bimodal distributions were more evident. In this new experiment rectangular colour samples were presented surrounded by random colour patches to simulate contextual conditions on a calibrated CRT monitor. The names of two neighbouring colours were shown at the bottom of the screen and subjects selected the boundary between these colours by controlling the chromaticity of the central patch, sliding it across these categories' frontier. Results show that in this new experimental paradigm, the formerly uncertain inter-colour category boundaries are better defined and the dispersions (ie the bimodal distributions) that occurred in the previous experiment disappear. These results may provide further support to Berlin and Kay's basic colour terms theory. | ||||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | CAT @ cat @ BPV2009 | Serial | 1192 | ||
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| Author | C. Alejandro Parraga; Javier Vazquez; Maria Vanrell | ||||
| Title | A new cone activation-based natural images dataset | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Perception | Abbreviated Journal | PER |
| Volume | 36 | Issue | Pages | 180 | |
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| Abstract | We generated a new dataset of digital natural images where each colour plane corresponds to the human LMS (long-, medium-, short-wavelength) cone activations. The images were chosen to represent five different visual environments (eg forest, seaside, mountain snow, urban, motorways) and were taken under natural illumination at different times of day. At the bottom-left corner of each picture there was a matte grey ball of approximately constant spectral reflectance (across the camera's response spectrum,) and nearly Lambertian reflective properties, which allows to compute (and remove, if necessary) the illuminant's colour and intensity. The camera (Sigma Foveon SD10) was calibrated by measuring its sensor's spectral responses using a set of 31 spectrally narrowband interference filters. This allowed conversion of the final camera-dependent RGB colour space into the Smith and Pokorny (1975) cone activation space by means of a polynomial transformation, optimised for a set of 1269 Munsell chip reflectances. This new method is an improvement over the usual 3 × 3 matrix transformation which is only accurate for spectrally-narrowband colours. The camera-to-LMS transformation can be recalculated to consider other non-human visual systems. The dataset is available to download from our website. | ||||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | CAT @ cat @ PVV2009 | Serial | 1193 | ||
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| Author | Joost Van de Weijer; Cordelia Schmid; Jakob Verbeek; Diane Larlus | ||||
| Title | Learning Color Names for Real-World Applications | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | IEEE Transaction in Image Processing | Abbreviated Journal | TIP |
| Volume | 18 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 1512–1524 |
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| Abstract | Color names are required in real-world applications such as image retrieval and image annotation. Traditionally, they are learned from a collection of labelled color chips. These color chips are labelled with color names within a well-defined experimental setup by human test subjects. However naming colors in real-world images differs significantly from this experimental setting. In this paper, we investigate how color names learned from color chips compare to color names learned from real-world images. To avoid hand labelling real-world images with color names we use Google Image to collect a data set. Due to limitations of Google Image this data set contains a substantial quantity of wrongly labelled data. We propose several variants of the PLSA model to learn color names from this noisy data. Experimental results show that color names learned from real-world images significantly outperform color names learned from labelled color chips for both image retrieval and image annotation. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1057-7149 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | CAT @ cat @ WSV2009 | Serial | 1195 | ||
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| Author | Mariano Vazquez; Ruth Aris; Guillaume Hozeaux; R.Aubry; P.Villar;Jaume Garcia ; Debora Gil; Francesc Carreras | ||||
| Title | A massively parallel computational electrophysiology model of the heart | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering | Abbreviated Journal | IJNMBE |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | Pages | 1911-1929 | |
| Keywords | computational electrophysiology; parallelization; finite element methods | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents a patient-sensitive simulation strategy capable of using the most efficient way the high-performance computational resources. The proposed strategy directly involves three different players: Computational Mechanics Scientists (CMS), Image Processing Scientists and Cardiologists, each one mastering its own expertise area within the project. This paper describes the general integrative scheme but focusing on the CMS side presents a massively parallel implementation of computational electrophysiology applied to cardiac tissue simulation. The paper covers different angles of the computational problem: equations, numerical issues, the algorithm and parallel implementation. The proposed methodology is illustrated with numerical simulations testing all the different possibilities, ranging from small domains up to very large ones. A key issue is the almost ideal scalability not only for large and complex problems but also for medium-size meshes. The explicit formulation is particularly well suited for solving this highly transient problems, with very short time-scale. | ||||
| Address | Swansea (UK) | ||||
| Corporate Author | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Thesis | |||
| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | IAM | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | IAM @ iam @ VAH2011 | Serial | 1198 | ||
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| Author | Mikhail Mozerov; Ignasi Rius; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez | ||||
| Title | Nonlinear synchronization for automatic learning of 3D pose variability in human motion sequences | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing | Abbreviated Journal | EURASIPJ |
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| Abstract | Article ID 507247
A dense matching algorithm that solves the problem of synchronizing prerecorded human motion sequences, which show different speeds and accelerations, is proposed. The approach is based on minimization of MRF energy and solves the problem by using Dynamic Programming. Additionally, an optimal sequence is automatically selected from the input dataset to be a time-scale pattern for all other sequences. The paper utilizes an action specific model which automatically learns the variability of 3D human postures observed in a set of training sequences. The model is trained using the public CMU motion capture dataset for the walking action, and a mean walking performance is automatically learnt. Additionally, statistics about the observed variability of the postures and motion direction are also computed at each time step. The synchronized motion sequences are used to learn a model of human motion for action recognition and full-body tracking purposes. |
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| ISSN | 1110-8657 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | ISE | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ISE @ ise @ MRR2010 | Serial | 1208 | ||
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| Author | Jordi Gonzalez; Dani Rowe; J. Varona; Xavier Roca | ||||
| Title | Understanding Dynamic Scenes based on Human Sequence Evaluation | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Image and Vision Computing | Abbreviated Journal | IMAVIS |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1433–1444 |
| Keywords | Image Sequence Evaluation; High-level processing of monitored scenes; Segmentation and tracking in complex scenes; Event recognition in dynamic scenes; Human motion understanding; Human behaviour interpretation; Natural-language text generation; Realistic demonstrators | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper, a Cognitive Vision System (CVS) is presented, which explains the human behaviour of monitored scenes using natural-language texts. This cognitive analysis of human movements recorded in image sequences is here referred to as Human Sequence Evaluation (HSE) which defines a set of transformation modules involved in the automatic generation of semantic descriptions from pixel values. In essence, the trajectories of human agents are obtained to generate textual interpretations of their motion, and also to infer the conceptual relationships of each agent w.r.t. its environment. For this purpose, a human behaviour model based on Situation Graph Trees (SGTs) is considered, which permits both bottom-up (hypothesis generation) and top-down (hypothesis refinement) analysis of dynamic scenes. The resulting system prototype interprets different kinds of behaviour and reports textual descriptions in multiple languages. | ||||
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| Notes | ISE | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ISE @ ise @ GRV2009 | Serial | 1211 | ||
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| Author | Fadi Dornaika; Bogdan Raducanu | ||||
| Title | Three-Dimensional Face Pose Detection and Tracking Using Monocular Videos: Tool and Application | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics part B | Abbreviated Journal | TSMCB |
| Volume | 39 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 935–944 |
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| Abstract | Recently, we have proposed a real-time tracker that simultaneously tracks the 3-D head pose and facial actions in monocular video sequences that can be provided by low quality cameras. This paper has two main contributions. First, we propose an automatic 3-D face pose initialization scheme for the real-time tracker by adopting a 2-D face detector and an eigenface system. Second, we use the proposed methods-the initialization and tracking-for enhancing the human-machine interaction functionality of an AIBO robot. More precisely, we show how the orientation of the robot's camera (or any active vision system) can be controlled through the estimation of the user's head pose. Applications based on head-pose imitation such as telepresence, virtual reality, and video games can directly exploit the proposed techniques. Experiments on real videos confirm the robustness and usefulness of the proposed methods. | ||||
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| Notes | OR;MV | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ DoR2009a | Serial | 1218 | ||
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| Author | Oriol Ramos Terrades; Ernest Valveny; Salvatore Tabbone | ||||
| Title | Optimal Classifier Fusion in a Non-Bayesian Probabilistic Framework | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | TPAMI |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 1630–1644 |
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| Abstract | The combination of the output of classifiers has been one of the strategies used to improve classification rates in general purpose classification systems. Some of the most common approaches can be explained using the Bayes' formula. In this paper, we tackle the problem of the combination of classifiers using a non-Bayesian probabilistic framework. This approach permits us to derive two linear combination rules that minimize misclassification rates under some constraints on the distribution of classifiers. In order to show the validity of this approach we have compared it with other popular combination rules from a theoretical viewpoint using a synthetic data set, and experimentally using two standard databases: the MNIST handwritten digit database and the GREC symbol database. Results on the synthetic data set show the validity of the theoretical approach. Indeed, results on real data show that the proposed methods outperform other common combination schemes. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0162-8828 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | DAG | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | DAG @ dag @ RVT2009 | Serial | 1220 | ||
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