Lichao Zhang, Abel Gonzalez-Garcia, Joost Van de Weijer, Martin Danelljan, & Fahad Shahbaz Khan. (2019). Synthetic Data Generation for End-to-End Thermal Infrared Tracking. TIP - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 28(4), 1837–1850.
Abstract: The usage of both off-the-shelf and end-to-end trained deep networks have significantly improved the performance of visual tracking on RGB videos. However, the lack of large labeled datasets hampers the usage of convolutional neural networks for tracking in thermal infrared (TIR) images. Therefore, most state-of-the-art methods on tracking for TIR data are still based on handcrafted features. To address this problem, we propose to use image-to-image translation models. These models allow us to translate the abundantly available labeled RGB data to synthetic TIR data. We explore both the usage of paired and unpaired image translation models for this purpose. These methods provide us with a large labeled dataset of synthetic TIR sequences, on which we can train end-to-end optimal features for tracking. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to train end-to-end features for TIR tracking. We perform extensive experiments on the VOT-TIR2017 dataset. We show that a network trained on a large dataset of synthetic TIR data obtains better performance than one trained on the available real TIR data. Combining both data sources leads to further improvement. In addition, when we combine the network with motion features, we outperform the state of the art with a relative gain of over 10%, clearly showing the efficiency of using synthetic data to train end-to-end TIR trackers.
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Abel Gonzalez-Garcia, Davide Modolo, & Vittorio Ferrari. (2018). Objects as context for detecting their semantic parts. In 31st IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (pp. 6907–6916).
Abstract: We present a semantic part detection approach that effectively leverages object information. We use the object appearance and its class as indicators of what parts to expect. We also model the expected relative location of parts inside the objects based on their appearance. We achieve this with a new network module, called OffsetNet, that efficiently predicts a variable number of part locations within a given object. Our model incorporates all these cues to
detect parts in the context of their objects. This leads to considerably higher performance for the challenging task of part detection compared to using part appearance alone (+5 mAP on the PASCAL-Part dataset). We also compare
to other part detection methods on both PASCAL-Part and CUB200-2011 datasets.
Keywords: Proposals; Semantics; Wheels; Automobiles; Context modeling; Task analysis; Object detection
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Antonio Lopez. (2018). Pedestrian Detection Systems. In Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering.
Abstract: Pedestrian detection is a highly relevant topic for both advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving. In this entry, we review the ideas behind pedestrian detection systems from the point of view of perception based on computer vision and machine learning.
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Simone Balocco, Francesco Ciompi, Juan Rigla, Xavier Carrillo, Josefina Mauri, & Petia Radeva. (2019). Assessment of intracoronary stent location and extension in intravascular ultrasound sequences. MEDPHYS - Medical Physics, 46(2), 484–493.
Abstract: PURPOSE:
An intraluminal coronary stent is a metal scaffold deployed in a stenotic artery during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In order to have an effective deployment, a stent should be optimally placed with regard to anatomical structures such as bifurcations and stenoses. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a catheter-based imaging technique generally used for PCI guiding and assessing the correct placement of the stent. A novel approach that automatically detects the boundaries and the position of the stent along the IVUS pullback is presented. Such a technique aims at optimizing the stent deployment.
METHODS:
The method requires the identification of the stable frames of the sequence and the reliable detection of stent struts. Using these data, a measure of likelihood for a frame to contain a stent is computed. Then, a robust binary representation of the presence of the stent in the pullback is obtained applying an iterative and multiscale quantization of the signal to symbols using the Symbolic Aggregate approXimation algorithm.
RESULTS:
The technique was extensively validated on a set of 103 IVUS of sequences of in vivo coronary arteries containing metallic and bioabsorbable stents acquired through an international multicentric collaboration across five clinical centers. The method was able to detect the stent position with an overall F-measure of 86.4%, a Jaccard index score of 75% and a mean distance of 2.5 mm from manually annotated stent boundaries, and in bioabsorbable stents with an overall F-measure of 88.6%, a Jaccard score of 77.7 and a mean distance of 1.5 mm from manually annotated stent boundaries. Additionally, a map indicating the distance between the lumen and the stent along the pullback is created in order to show the angular sectors of the sequence in which the malapposition is present.
CONCLUSIONS:
Results obtained comparing the automatic results vs the manual annotation of two observers shows that the method approaches the interobserver variability. Similar performances are obtained on both metallic and bioabsorbable stents, showing the flexibility and robustness of the method.
Keywords: IVUS; malapposition; stent; ultrasound
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Gema Rotger, Felipe Lumbreras, Francesc Moreno-Noguer, & Antonio Agudo. (2018). 2D-to-3D Facial Expression Transfer. In 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (pp. 2008–2013).
Abstract: Automatically changing the expression and physical features of a face from an input image is a topic that has been traditionally tackled in a 2D domain. In this paper, we bring this problem to 3D and propose a framework that given an
input RGB video of a human face under a neutral expression, initially computes his/her 3D shape and then performs a transfer to a new and potentially non-observed expression. For this purpose, we parameterize the rest shape –obtained from standard factorization approaches over the input video– using a triangular
mesh which is further clustered into larger macro-segments. The expression transfer problem is then posed as a direct mapping between this shape and a source shape, such as the blend shapes of an off-the-shelf 3D dataset of human facial expressions. The mapping is resolved to be geometrically consistent between 3D models by requiring points in specific regions to map on semantic
equivalent regions. We validate the approach on several synthetic and real examples of input faces that largely differ from the source shapes, yielding very realistic expression transfers even in cases with topology changes, such as a synthetic video sequence of a single-eyed cyclops.
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Lasse Martensson, Ekta Vats, Anders Hast, & Alicia Fornes. (2019). In Search of the Scribe: Letter Spotting as a Tool for Identifying Scribes in Large Handwritten Text Corpora. HUMAN IT - Journal for Information Technology Studies as a Human Science, 95–120.
Abstract: In this article, a form of the so-called word spotting-method is used on a large set of handwritten documents in order to identify those that contain script of similar execution. The point of departure for the investigation is the mediaeval Swedish manuscript Cod. Holm. D 3. The main scribe of this manuscript has yet not been identified in other documents. The current attempt aims at localising other documents that display a large degree of similarity in the characteristics of the script, these being possible candidates for being executed by the same hand. For this purpose, the method of word spotting has been employed, focusing on individual letters, and therefore the process is referred to as letter spotting in the article. In this process, a set of ‘g’:s, ‘h’:s and ‘k’:s have been selected as templates, and then a search has been made for close matches among the mediaeval Swedish charters. The search resulted in a number of charters that displayed great similarities with the manuscript D 3. The used letter spotting method thus proofed to be a very efficient sorting tool localising similar script samples.
Keywords: Scribal attribution/ writer identification; digital palaeography; word spotting; mediaeval charters; mediaeval manuscripts
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Md.Mostafa Kamal Sarker, Mohammed Jabreel, Hatem A. Rashwan, Syeda Furruka Banu, Antonio Moreno, Petia Radeva, et al. (2018). CuisineNet: Food Attributes Classification using Multi-scale Convolution Network..
Abstract: Diversity of food and its attributes represents the culinary habits of peoples from different countries. Thus, this paper addresses the problem of identifying food culture of people around the world and its flavor by classifying two main food attributes, cuisine and flavor. A deep learning model based on multi-scale convotuional networks is proposed for extracting more accurate features from input images. The aggregation of multi-scale convolution layers with different kernel size is also used for weighting the features results from different scales. In addition, a joint loss function based on Negative Log Likelihood (NLL) is used to fit the model probability to multi labeled classes for multi-modal classification task. Furthermore, this work provides a new dataset for food attributes, so-called Yummly48K, extracted from the popular food website, Yummly. Our model is assessed on the constructed Yummly48K dataset. The experimental results show that our proposed method yields 65% and 62% average F1 score on validation and test set which outperforming the state-of-the-art models.
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Eduardo Aguilar, Beatriz Remeseiro, Marc Bolaños, & Petia Radeva. (2018). Grab, Pay, and Eat: Semantic Food Detection for Smart Restaurants. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 20(12), 3266–3275.
Abstract: The increase in awareness of people towards their nutritional habits has drawn considerable attention to the field of automatic food analysis. Focusing on self-service restaurants environment, automatic food analysis is not only useful for extracting nutritional information from foods selected by customers, it is also of high interest to speed up the service solving the bottleneck produced at the cashiers in times of high demand. In this paper, we address the problem of automatic food tray analysis in canteens and restaurants environment, which consists in predicting multiple foods placed on a tray image. We propose a new approach for food analysis based on convolutional neural networks, we name Semantic Food Detection, which integrates in the same framework food localization, recognition and segmentation. We demonstrate that our method improves the state of the art food detection by a considerable margin on the public dataset UNIMIB2016 achieving about 90% in terms of F-measure, and thus provides a significant technological advance towards the automatic billing in restaurant environments.
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Simone Balocco, Mauricio Gonzalez, Ricardo Ñancule, Petia Radeva, & Gabriel Thomas. (2018). Calcified Plaque Detection in IVUS Sequences: Preliminary Results Using Convolutional Nets. In International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition (Vol. 11047, pp. 34–42). LNCS.
Abstract: The manual inspection of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images to detect clinically relevant patterns is a difficult and laborious task performed routinely by physicians. In this paper, we present a framework based on convolutional nets for the quick selection of IVUS frames containing arterial calcification, a pattern whose detection plays a vital role in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Preliminary experiments on a dataset acquired from eighty patients show that convolutional architectures improve detections of a shallow classifier in terms of 𝐹1-measure, precision and recall.
Keywords: Intravascular ultrasound images; Convolutional nets; Deep learning; Medical image analysis
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Marçal Rusiñol, & Lluis Gomez. (2018). Avances en clasificación de imágenes en los últimos diez años. Perspectivas y limitaciones en el ámbito de archivos fotográficos históricos. Revista anual de la Asociación de Archiveros de Castilla y León, 161–174.
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Ozan Caglayan, Adrien Bardet, Fethi Bougares, Loic Barrault, Kai Wang, Marc Masana, et al. (2018). LIUM-CVC Submissions for WMT18 Multimodal Translation Task. In 3rd Conference on Machine Translation.
Abstract: This paper describes the multimodal Neural Machine Translation systems developed by LIUM and CVC for WMT18 Shared Task on Multimodal Translation. This year we propose several modifications to our previou multimodal attention architecture in order to better integrate convolutional features and refine them using encoder-side information. Our final constrained submissions
ranked first for English→French and second for English→German language pairs among the constrained submissions according to the automatic evaluation metric METEOR.
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Aymen Azaza, Joost Van de Weijer, Ali Douik, & Marc Masana. (2018). Context Proposals for Saliency Detection. CVIU - Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 174, 1–11.
Abstract: One of the fundamental properties of a salient object region is its contrast
with the immediate context. The problem is that numerous object regions
exist which potentially can all be salient. One way to prevent an exhaustive
search over all object regions is by using object proposal algorithms. These
return a limited set of regions which are most likely to contain an object. Several saliency estimation methods have used object proposals. However, they focus on the saliency of the proposal only, and the importance of its immediate context has not been evaluated.
In this paper, we aim to improve salient object detection. Therefore, we extend object proposal methods with context proposals, which allow to incorporate the immediate context in the saliency computation. We propose several saliency features which are computed from the context proposals. In the experiments, we evaluate five object proposal methods for the task of saliency segmentation, and find that Multiscale Combinatorial Grouping outperforms the others. Furthermore, experiments show that the proposed context features improve performance, and that our method matches results on the FT datasets and obtains competitive results on three other datasets (PASCAL-S, MSRA-B and ECSSD).
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Hans Stadthagen-Gonzalez, M. Carmen Parafita, C. Alejandro Parraga, & Markus F. Damian. (2019). Testing alternative theoretical accounts of code-switching: Insights from comparative judgments of adjective noun order. IJB - International journal of bilingualism: interdisciplinary studies of multilingual behaviour, 23(1), 200–220.
Abstract: Objectives:
Spanish and English contrast in adjective–noun word order: for example, brown dress (English) vs. vestido marrón (‘dress brown’, Spanish). According to the Matrix Language model (MLF) word order in code-switched sentences must be compatible with the word order of the matrix language, but working within the minimalist program (MP), Cantone and MacSwan arrived at the descriptive generalization that the position of the noun phrase relative to the adjective is determined by the adjective’s language. Our aim is to evaluate the predictions derived from these two models regarding adjective–noun order in Spanish–English code-switched sentences.
Methodology:
We contrasted the predictions from both models regarding the acceptability of code-switched sentences with different adjective–noun orders that were compatible with the MP, the MLF, both, or none. Acceptability was assessed in Experiment 1 with a 5-point Likert and in Experiment 2 with a 2-Alternative Forced Choice (2AFC) task.
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Lu Yu, Yongmei Cheng, & Joost Van de Weijer. (2018). Weakly Supervised Domain-Specific Color Naming Based on Attention. In 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (pp. 3019–3024).
Abstract: The majority of existing color naming methods focuses on the eleven basic color terms of the English language. However, in many applications, different sets of color names are used for the accurate description of objects. Labeling data to learn these domain-specific color names is an expensive and laborious task. Therefore, in this article we aim to learn color names from weakly labeled data. For this purpose, we add an attention branch to the color naming network. The attention branch is used to modulate the pixel-wise color naming predictions of the network. In experiments, we illustrate that the attention branch correctly identifies the relevant regions. Furthermore, we show that our method obtains state-of-the-art results for pixel-wise and image-wise classification on the EBAY dataset and is able to learn color names for various domains.
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Ana Maria Ares, Jorge Bernal, Maria Jesus Nozal, F. Javier Sanchez, & Jose Bernal. (2018). Results of the use of Kahoot! gamification tool in a course of Chemistry. In 4th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (pp. 1215–1222).
Abstract: The present study examines the use of Kahoot! as a gamification tool to explore mixed learning strategies. We analyze its use in two different groups of a theoretical subject of the third course of the Degree in Chemistry. An empirical-analytical methodology was used using Kahoot! in two different groups of students, with different frequencies. The academic results of these two group of students were compared between them and with those obtained in the previous course, in which Kahoot! was not employed, with the aim of measuring the evolution in the students´ knowledge. The results showed, in all cases, that the use of Kahoot! has led to a significant increase in the overall marks, and in the number of students who passed the subject. Moreover, some differences were also observed in students´ academic performance according to the group. Finally, it can be concluded that the use of a gamification tool (Kahoot!) in a university classroom had generally improved students´ learning and marks, and that this improvement is more prevalent in those students who have achieved a better Kahoot! performance.
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