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| Author | Marco Pedersoli; Jordi Gonzalez; Xu Hu; Xavier Roca | ||||
| Title | Toward Real-Time Pedestrian Detection Based on a Deformable Template Model | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems | Abbreviated Journal | TITS |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 355-364 |
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| Abstract | Most advanced driving assistance systems already include pedestrian detection systems. Unfortunately, there is still a tradeoff between precision and real time. For a reliable detection, excellent precision-recall such a tradeoff is needed to detect as many pedestrians as possible while, at the same time, avoiding too many false alarms; in addition, a very fast computation is needed for fast reactions to dangerous situations. Recently, novel approaches based on deformable templates have been proposed since these show a reasonable detection performance although they are computationally too expensive for real-time performance. In this paper, we present a system for pedestrian detection based on a hierarchical multiresolution part-based model. The proposed system is able to achieve state-of-the-art detection accuracy due to the local deformations of the parts while exhibiting a speedup of more than one order of magnitude due to a fast coarse-to-fine inference technique. Moreover, our system explicitly infers the level of resolution available so that the detection of small examples is feasible with a very reduced computational cost. We conclude this contribution by presenting how a graphics processing unit-optimized implementation of our proposed system is suitable for real-time pedestrian detection in terms of both accuracy and speed. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1524-9050 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | ISE; 601.213; 600.078 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | PGH2014 | Serial | 2350 | ||
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| Author | Marçal Rusiñol; Josep Llados | ||||
| Title | Boosting the Handwritten Word Spotting Experience by Including the User in the Loop | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 1063–1072 |
| Keywords | Handwritten word spotting; Query by example; Relevance feedback; Query fusion; Multidimensional scaling | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper, we study the effect of taking the user into account in a query-by-example handwritten word spotting framework. Several off-the-shelf query fusion and relevance feedback strategies have been tested in the handwritten word spotting context. The increase in terms of precision when the user is included in the loop is assessed using two datasets of historical handwritten documents and two baseline word spotting approaches both based on the bag-of-visual-words model. We finally present two alternative ways of presenting the results to the user that might be more attractive and suitable to the user's needs than the classic ranked list. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0031-3203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.045; 600.061; 600.077 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RuL2013 | Serial | 2343 | ||
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| Author | Marçal Rusiñol; Lluis Pere de las Heras; Oriol Ramos Terrades | ||||
| Title | Flowchart Recognition for Non-Textual Information Retrieval in Patent Search | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Information Retrieval | Abbreviated Journal | IR |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | 5-6 | Pages | 545-562 |
| Keywords | Flowchart recognition; Patent documents; Text/graphics separation; Raster-to-vector conversion; Symbol recognition | ||||
| Abstract | Relatively little research has been done on the topic of patent image retrieval and in general in most of the approaches the retrieval is performed in terms of a similarity measure between the query image and the images in the corpus. However, systems aimed at overcoming the semantic gap between the visual description of patent images and their conveyed concepts would be very helpful for patent professionals. In this paper we present a flowchart recognition method aimed at achieving a structured representation of flowchart images that can be further queried semantically. The proposed method was submitted to the CLEF-IP 2012 flowchart recognition task. We report the obtained results on this dataset. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1386-4564 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.077 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RHR2013 | Serial | 2342 | ||
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| Author | Juan Ramon Terven Salinas; Joaquin Salas; Bogdan Raducanu | ||||
| Title | New Opportunities for Computer Vision-Based Assistive Technology Systems for the Visually Impaired | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Computer | Abbreviated Journal | COMP |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 52-58 |
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| Abstract | Computing advances and increased smartphone use gives technology system designers greater flexibility in exploiting computer vision to support visually impaired users. Understanding these users' needs will certainly provide insight for the development of improved usability of computing devices. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0018-9162 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | LAMP; | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ TSR2014a | Serial | 2317 | ||
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| Author | Bogdan Raducanu; Fadi Dornaika | ||||
| Title | Embedding new observations via sparse-coding for non-linear manifold learning | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 480-492 |
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| Abstract | Non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques are affected by two critical aspects: (i) the design of the adjacency graphs, and (ii) the embedding of new test data-the out-of-sample problem. For the first aspect, the proposed solutions, in general, were heuristically driven. For the second aspect, the difficulty resides in finding an accurate mapping that transfers unseen data samples into an existing manifold. Past works addressing these two aspects were heavily parametric in the sense that the optimal performance is only achieved for a suitable parameter choice that should be known in advance. In this paper, we demonstrate that the sparse representation theory not only serves for automatic graph construction as shown in recent works, but also represents an accurate alternative for out-of-sample embedding. Considering for a case study the Laplacian Eigenmaps, we applied our method to the face recognition problem. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed out-of-sample embedding, experiments are conducted using the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Kernel Support Vector Machines (KSVM) classifiers on six public face datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed model is able to achieve high categorization effectiveness as well as high consistency with non-linear embeddings/manifolds obtained in batch modes. | ||||
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| Notes | LAMP; | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RaD2013b | Serial | 2316 | ||
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| Author | Volkmar Frinken; Andreas Fischer; Markus Baumgartner; Horst Bunke | ||||
| Title | Keyword spotting for self-training of BLSTM NN based handwriting recognition systems | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 1073-1082 |
| Keywords | Document retrieval; Keyword spotting; Handwriting recognition; Neural networks; Semi-supervised learning | ||||
| Abstract | The automatic transcription of unconstrained continuous handwritten text requires well trained recognition systems. The semi-supervised paradigm introduces the concept of not only using labeled data but also unlabeled data in the learning process. Unlabeled data can be gathered at little or not cost. Hence it has the potential to reduce the need for labeling training data, a tedious and costly process. Given a weak initial recognizer trained on labeled data, self-training can be used to recognize unlabeled data and add words that were recognized with high confidence to the training set for re-training. This process is not trivial and requires great care as far as selecting the elements that are to be added to the training set is concerned. In this paper, we propose to use a bidirectional long short-term memory neural network handwritten recognition system for keyword spotting in order to select new elements. A set of experiments shows the high potential of self-training for bootstrapping handwriting recognition systems, both for modern and historical handwritings, and demonstrate the benefits of using keyword spotting over previously published self-training schemes. | ||||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.077; 602.101 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ FFB2014 | Serial | 2297 | ||
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| Author | Miguel Angel Bautista; Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol | ||||
| Title | On the Design of an ECOC-Compliant Genetic Algorithm | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 865-884 |
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| Abstract | Genetic Algorithms (GA) have been previously applied to Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) in state-of-the-art works in order to find a suitable coding matrix. Nevertheless, none of the presented techniques directly take into account the properties of the ECOC matrix. As a result the considered search space is unnecessarily large. In this paper, a novel Genetic strategy to optimize the ECOC coding step is presented. This novel strategy redefines the usual crossover and mutation operators in order to take into account the theoretical properties of the ECOC framework. Thus, it reduces the search space and lets the algorithm to converge faster. In addition, a novel operator that is able to enlarge the code in a smart way is introduced. The novel methodology is tested on several UCI datasets and four challenging computer vision problems. Furthermore, the analysis of the results done in terms of performance, code length and number of Support Vectors shows that the optimization process is able to find very efficient codes, in terms of the trade-off between classification performance and the number of classifiers. Finally, classification performance per dichotomizer results shows that the novel proposal is able to obtain similar or even better results while defining a more compact number of dichotomies and SVs compared to state-of-the-art approaches. | ||||
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| Notes | HuPBA;MILAB | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ BEP2013 | Serial | 2254 | ||
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| Author | Naveen Onkarappa; Angel Sappa | ||||
| Title | Speed and Texture: An Empirical Study on Optical-Flow Accuracy in ADAS Scenarios | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems | Abbreviated Journal | TITS |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 136-147 |
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| Abstract | IF: 3.064
Increasing mobility in everyday life has led to the concern for the safety of automotives and human life. Computer vision has become a valuable tool for developing driver assistance applications that target such a concern. Many such vision-based assisting systems rely on motion estimation, where optical flow has shown its potential. A variational formulation of optical flow that achieves a dense flow field involves a data term and regularization terms. Depending on the image sequence, the regularization has to appropriately be weighted for better accuracy of the flow field. Because a vehicle can be driven in different kinds of environments, roads, and speeds, optical-flow estimation has to be accurately computed in all such scenarios. In this paper, we first present the polar representation of optical flow, which is quite suitable for driving scenarios due to the possibility that it offers to independently update regularization factors in different directional components. Then, we study the influence of vehicle speed and scene texture on optical-flow accuracy. Furthermore, we analyze the relationships of these specific characteristics on a driving scenario (vehicle speed and road texture) with the regularization weights in optical flow for better accuracy. As required by the work in this paper, we have generated several synthetic sequences along with ground-truth flow fields. |
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| ISSN | 1524-9050 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | ADAS; 600.076 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ OnS2014a | Serial | 2386 | ||
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| Author | Simone Balocco; Carlo Gatta; Francesco Ciompi; A. Wahle; Petia Radeva; S. Carlier; G. Unal; E. Sanidas; J. Mauri; X. Carillo; T. Kovarnik; C. Wang; H. Chen; T. P. Exarchos; D. I. Fotiadis; F. Destrempes; G. Cloutier; Oriol Pujol; Marina Alberti; E. G. Mendizabal-Ruiz; M. Rivera; T. Aksoy; R. W. Downe; I. A. Kakadiaris | ||||
| Title | Standardized evaluation methodology and reference database for evaluating IVUS image segmentation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics | Abbreviated Journal | CMIG |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 70-90 |
| Keywords | IVUS (intravascular ultrasound); Evaluation framework; Algorithm comparison; Image segmentation | ||||
| Abstract | This paper describes an evaluation framework that allows a standardized and quantitative comparison of IVUS lumen and media segmentation algorithms. This framework has been introduced at the MICCAI 2011 Computing and Visualization for (Intra)Vascular Imaging (CVII) workshop, comparing the results of eight teams that participated.
We describe the available data-base comprising of multi-center, multi-vendor and multi-frequency IVUS datasets, their acquisition, the creation of the reference standard and the evaluation measures. The approaches address segmentation of the lumen, the media, or both borders; semi- or fully-automatic operation; and 2-D vs. 3-D methodology. Three performance measures for quantitative analysis have been proposed. The results of the evaluation indicate that segmentation of the vessel lumen and media is possible with an accuracy that is comparable to manual annotation when semi-automatic methods are used, as well as encouraging results can be obtained also in case of fully-automatic segmentation. The analysis performed in this paper also highlights the challenges in IVUS segmentation that remains to be solved. |
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| Notes | MILAB; LAMP; HuPBA; 600.046; 600.063; 600.079 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ BGC2013 | Serial | 2314 | ||
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| Author | Javier Marin; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; Jaume Amores; Ludmila I. Kuncheva | ||||
| Title | Occlusion handling via random subspace classifiers for human detection | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (Part B) | Abbreviated Journal | TSMCB |
| Volume | 44 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 342-354 |
| Keywords | Pedestriand Detection; occlusion handling | ||||
| Abstract | This paper describes a general method to address partial occlusions for human detection in still images. The Random Subspace Method (RSM) is chosen for building a classifier ensemble robust against partial occlusions. The component classifiers are chosen on the basis of their individual and combined performance. The main contribution of this work lies in our approach’s capability to improve the detection rate when partial occlusions are present without compromising the detection performance on non occluded data. In contrast to many recent approaches, we propose a method which does not require manual labelling of body parts, defining any semantic spatial components, or using additional data coming from motion or stereo. Moreover, the method can be easily extended to other object classes. The experiments are performed on three large datasets: the INRIA person dataset, the Daimler Multicue dataset, and a new challenging dataset, called PobleSec, in which a considerable number of targets are partially occluded. The different approaches are evaluated at the classification and detection levels for both partially occluded and non-occluded data. The experimental results show that our detector outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in the presence of partial occlusions, while offering performance and reliability similar to those of the holistic approach on non-occluded data. The datasets used in our experiments have been made publicly available for benchmarking purposes | ||||
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| ISSN | 2168-2267 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | ADAS; 605.203; 600.057; 600.054; 601.042; 601.187; 600.076 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ADAS @ adas @ MVL2014 | Serial | 2213 | ||
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| Author | Adria Ruiz; Joost Van de Weijer; Xavier Binefa | ||||
| Title | Regularized Multi-Concept MIL for weakly-supervised facial behavior categorization | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | 25th British Machine Vision Conference | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | We address the problem of estimating high-level semantic labels for videos of recorded people by means of analysing their facial expressions. This problem, to which we refer as facial behavior categorization, is a weakly-supervised learning problem where we do not have access to frame-by-frame facial gesture annotations but only weak-labels at the video level are available. Therefore, the goal is to learn a set of discriminative expressions and how they determine the video weak-labels. Facial behavior categorization can be posed as a Multi-Instance-Learning (MIL) problem and we propose a novel MIL method called Regularized Multi-Concept MIL to solve it. In contrast to previous approaches applied in facial behavior analysis, RMC-MIL follows a Multi-Concept assumption which allows different facial expressions (concepts) to contribute differently to the video-label. Moreover, to handle with the high-dimensional nature of facial-descriptors, RMC-MIL uses a discriminative approach to model the concepts and structured sparsity regularization to discard non-informative features. RMC-MIL is posed as a convex-constrained optimization problem where all the parameters are jointly learned using the Projected-Quasi-Newton method. In our experiments, we use two public data-sets to show the advantages of the Regularized Multi-Concept approach and its improvement compared to existing MIL methods. RMC-MIL outperforms state-of-the-art results in the UNBC data-set for pain detection. | ||||
| Address | Nottingham; UK; September 2014 | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | BMVC | ||
| Notes | LAMP; CIC; 600.074; 600.079 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RWB2014 | Serial | 2508 | ||
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| Author | T.Chauhan; E.Perales; Kaida Xiao; E.Hird ; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Sophie Wuerger | ||||
| Title | The achromatic locus: Effect of navigation direction in color space | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Journal of Vision | Abbreviated Journal | VSS |
| Volume | 14 (1) | Issue | 25 | Pages | 1-11 |
| Keywords | achromatic; unique hues; color constancy; luminance; color space | ||||
| Abstract | 5Y Impact Factor: 2.99 / 1st (Ophthalmology)
An achromatic stimulus is defined as a patch of light that is devoid of any hue. This is usually achieved by asking observers to adjust the stimulus such that it looks neither red nor green and at the same time neither yellow nor blue. Despite the theoretical and practical importance of the achromatic locus, little is known about the variability in these settings. The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether achromatic settings were dependent on the task of the observers, namely the navigation direction in color space. Observers could either adjust the test patch along the two chromatic axes in the CIE u*v* diagram or, alternatively, navigate along the unique-hue lines. Our main result is that the navigation method affects the reliability of these achromatic settings. Observers are able to make more reliable achromatic settings when adjusting the test patch along the directions defined by the four unique hues as opposed to navigating along the main axes in the commonly used CIE u*v* chromaticity plane. This result holds across different ambient viewing conditions (Dark, Daylight, Cool White Fluorescent) and different test luminance levels (5, 20, and 50 cd/m2). The reduced variability in the achromatic settings is consistent with the idea that internal color representations are more aligned with the unique-hue lines than the u* and v* axes. |
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| Notes | DAG; 600.077 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ CPX2014 | Serial | 2418 | ||
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| Author | Patricia Marquez; Debora Gil; R.Mester; Aura Hernandez-Sabate | ||||
| Title | Local Analysis of Confidence Measures for Optical Flow Quality Evaluation | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | 9th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 450-457 | |
| Keywords | Optical Flow; Confidence Measure; Performance Evaluation. | ||||
| Abstract | Optical Flow (OF) techniques facing the complexity of real sequences have been developed in the last years. Even using the most appropriate technique for our specific problem, at some points the output flow might fail to achieve the minimum error required for the system. Confidence measures computed from either input data or OF output should discard those points where OF is not accurate enough for its further use. It follows that evaluating the capabilities of a confidence measure for bounding OF error is as important as the definition
itself. In this paper we analyze different confidence measures and point out their advantages and limitations for their use in real world settings. We also explore the agreement with current tools for their evaluation of confidence measures performance. |
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| Address | Lisboa; January 2014 | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | VISAPP | ||
| Notes | IAM; ADAS; 600.044; 600.060; 600.057; 601.145; 600.076; 600.075 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ MGM2014 | Serial | 2432 | ||
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| Author | Jiaolong Xu; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; Javier Marin; Daniel Ponsa | ||||
| Title | Learning a Part-based Pedestrian Detector in Virtual World | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems | Abbreviated Journal | TITS |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 2121-2131 |
| Keywords | Domain Adaptation; Pedestrian Detection; Virtual Worlds | ||||
| Abstract | Detecting pedestrians with on-board vision systems is of paramount interest for assisting drivers to prevent vehicle-to-pedestrian accidents. The core of a pedestrian detector is its classification module, which aims at deciding if a given image window contains a pedestrian. Given the difficulty of this task, many classifiers have been proposed during the last fifteen years. Among them, the so-called (deformable) part-based classifiers including multi-view modeling are usually top ranked in accuracy. Training such classifiers is not trivial since a proper aspect clustering and spatial part alignment of the pedestrian training samples are crucial for obtaining an accurate classifier. In this paper, first we perform automatic aspect clustering and part alignment by using virtual-world pedestrians, i.e., human annotations are not required. Second, we use a mixture-of-parts approach that allows part sharing among different aspects. Third, these proposals are integrated in a learning framework which also allows to incorporate real-world training data to perform domain adaptation between virtual- and real-world cameras. Overall, the obtained results on four popular on-board datasets show that our proposal clearly outperforms the state-of-the-art deformable part-based detector known as latent SVM. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1931-0587 | ISBN | 978-1-4673-2754-1 | Medium | |
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| Notes | ADAS; 600.076 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ADAS @ adas @ XVL2014 | Serial | 2433 | ||
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| Author | Onur Ferhat; Fernando Vilariño; F. Javier Sanchez | ||||
| Title | A cheap portable eye-tracker solution for common setups. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Journal of Eye Movement Research | Abbreviated Journal | JEMR |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 1-10 |
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| Abstract | We analyze the feasibility of a cheap eye-tracker where the hardware consists of a single webcam and a Raspberry Pi device. Our aim is to discover the limits of such a system and to see whether it provides an acceptable performance. We base our work on the open source Opengazer (Zielinski, 2013) and we propose several improvements to create a robust, real-time system which can work on a computer with 30Hz sampling rate. After assessing the accuracy of our eye-tracker in elaborated experiments involving 12 subjects under 4 different system setups, we install it on a Raspberry Pi to create a portable stand-alone eye-tracker which achieves 1.42° horizontal accuracy with 3Hz refresh rate for a building cost of 70 Euros. | ||||
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| Notes | ;SIAI | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ FVS2014 | Serial | 2435 | ||
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