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Oriol Ramos Terrades, Ernest Valveny, & Salvatore Tabbone. (2008). On the Combination of Ridgelets Descriptors for Symbol Recognition. In Graphics Recognition: Recent Advances and New Oportunities, W. Lius, J. Llados, J.M. Ogier, LNCS 5046:104–113.
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Marçal Rusiñol, & Josep Llados. (2008). A Region-Based Hashing Approach for Symbol Spotting in Technical Documents. In J.M. Ogier J. L. W. Lius (Ed.), Graphics Recognition: Recent Advances and New Opportunities (Vol. 5046, 104–113). LNCS.
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Ernest Valveny, Salvatore Tabbone, & Oriol Ramos Terrades. (2008). Performance Characterization of Shape Descriptors for Symbol Representation. In J.M. Ogier J. L. W. Liu (Ed.), Graphics Recognition: Recent Advances and New Opportunities (Vol. 5046, 278–287). LNCS.
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Ernest Valveny, Philippe Dosch, & Alicia Fornes. (2008). Report on the Third Contest on Symbol Recognition. In J.M. Ogier J. L. W. Liu (Ed.), Graphics Recognition: Recent Advances and New Opportunities (Vol. 5046, 321–328). LNCS.
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Mathieu Nicolas Delalandre, Tony Pridmore, Ernest Valveny, Herve Locteau, & Eric Trupin. (2008). Building Synthetic Graphical Documents for Performance Evaluation. In J.M. Ogier J. L. W. Liu (Ed.), Graphics Recognition: Recent Advances and New Opportunities (Vol. 5046, 288–298). LNCS.
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Alicia Fornes, Sergio Escalera, Josep Llados, Gemma Sanchez, & Joan Mas. (2008). Hand Drawn Symbol Recognition by Blurred Shape Model Descriptor and a Multiclass Classifier. In J.M. Ogier J. L. W. Liu (Ed.), Graphics Recognition: Recent Advances and New Opportunities (Vol. 5046, 30–40). LNCS.
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Alicia Fornes, Josep Llados, & Gemma Sanchez. (2008). Old Handwritten Musical Symbol Classification by a Dynamic TimeWrapping Based Method. In J.M. Ogier J. L. W. Liu (Ed.), Graphics Recognition: Recent Advances and New Opportunities (Vol. 5046, 52–60). LNCS.
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Jose Antonio Rodriguez, & Florent Perronnin. (2008). Local Gradient Histogram Features for Word Spotting in Unconstrained Handwritten Documents. In J.M. Ogier J. L. W. Liu (Ed.), Graphics Recognition: Recent Advances and New Opportunities (Vol. 5046, 188–198). LNCS.
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Jose Antonio Rodriguez, Gemma Sanchez, & Josep Llados. (2008). Categorization of Digital Ink Elements using Spectral Features. In J.M. Ogier J. L. W. Liu (Ed.), Graphics Recognition: Recent Advances and New Opportunities (Vol. 5046, 188–198). LNCS. Springer–Verlag.
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Joan Mas, J.A. Jorge, Gemma Sanchez, & Josep Llados. (2008). Representing and Parsing Sketched Symbols using Adjacency Grammars and a Grid-Directed Parser. In J.M. Ogier J. L. W. Liu (Ed.), Graphics Recognition: Recent Advances and New Opportunities, (Vol. 5046, 176–187). LNCS.
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Alicia Fornes, Josep Llados, & Gemma Sanchez. (2006). Primitive Segmentation in Old Handwritten Music Scores. In Graphics Recognition: Ten Years Review and Future Perspectives, W. Liu, J. Llados (Eds.), LNCS 3926: 288–299.
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Marçal Rusiñol, & Josep Llados. (2006). Symbol Spotting in Technical Drawings Using Vectorial Signatures. In Graphics Recognition: Ten Years Review and Future Perspectives, W. Liu, J. Llados (Eds.), LNCS 3926: 35–46.
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Philippe Dosch, & Ernest Valveny. (2006). Report on the Second Symbol Recognition Contest. In Graphics Recognition: Ten Years Review and Future Perspectives, W. Liu, J. Llados (Eds.), LNCS 3926: 381–397.
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Mathieu Nicolas Delalandre, Jean-Marc Ogier, & Josep Llados. (2008). A Fast Cbir System of Old Ornamental Letter. In J.M. Ogier J. L. W. Liu (Ed.), Graphics Reognition: Recent Advances and New Opportunities (Vol. 5046, 135–144). LNCS.
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Josep Llados, & Marçal Rusiñol. (2014). Graphics Recognition Techniques. In D. Doermann, & K. Tombre (Eds.), Handbook of Document Image Processing and Recognition (Vol. D, pp. 489–521). Springer London.
Abstract: This chapter describes the most relevant approaches for the analysis of graphical documents. The graphics recognition pipeline can be splitted into three tasks. The low level or lexical task extracts the basic units composing the document. The syntactic level is focused on the structure, i.e., how graphical entities are constructed, and involves the location and classification of the symbols present in the document. The third level is a functional or semantic level, i.e., it models what the graphical symbols do and what they mean in the context where they appear. This chapter covers the lexical level, while the next two chapters are devoted to the syntactic and semantic level, respectively. The main problems reviewed in this chapter are raster-to-vector conversion (vectorization algorithms) and the separation of text and graphics components. The research and industrial communities have provided standard methods achieving reasonable performance levels. Hence, graphics recognition techniques can be considered to be in a mature state from a scientific point of view. Additionally this chapter provides insights on some related problems, namely, the extraction and recognition of dimensions in engineering drawings, and the recognition of hatched and tiled patterns. Both problems are usually associated, even integrated, in the vectorization process.
Keywords: Dimension recognition; Graphics recognition; Graphic-rich documents; Polygonal approximation; Raster-to-vector conversion; Texture-based primitive extraction; Text-graphics separation
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