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| Author | Manuel Carbonell; Alicia Fornes; Mauricio Villegas; Josep Llados | ||||
| Title | A Neural Model for Text Localization, Transcription and Named Entity Recognition in Full Pages | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication  |
Pattern Recognition Letters | Abbreviated Journal | PRL |
| Volume | 136 | Issue | Pages | 219-227 | |
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| Abstract | In the last years, the consolidation of deep neural network architectures for information extraction in document images has brought big improvements in the performance of each of the tasks involved in this process, consisting of text localization, transcription, and named entity recognition. However, this process is traditionally performed with separate methods for each task. In this work we propose an end-to-end model that combines a one stage object detection network with branches for the recognition of text and named entities respectively in a way that shared features can be learned simultaneously from the training error of each of the tasks. By doing so the model jointly performs handwritten text detection, transcription, and named entity recognition at page level with a single feed forward step. We exhaustively evaluate our approach on different datasets, discussing its advantages and limitations compared to sequential approaches. The results show that the model is capable of benefiting from shared features by simultaneously solving interdependent tasks. | ||||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.140; 601.311; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ CFV2020 | Serial | 3451 | ||
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| Author | B. Gautam; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Joana Maria Pujadas-Mora; Miquel Valls-Figols | ||||
| Title | Knowledge graph based methods for record linkage | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters | Abbreviated Journal | PRL |
| Volume | 136 | Issue | Pages | 127-133 | |
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| Abstract | Nowadays, it is common in Historical Demography the use of individual-level data as a consequence of a predominant life-course approach for the understanding of the demographic behaviour, family transition, mobility, etc. Advanced record linkage is key since it allows increasing the data complexity and its volume to be analyzed. However, current methods are constrained to link data from the same kind of sources. Knowledge graph are flexible semantic representations, which allow to encode data variability and semantic relations in a structured manner.
In this paper we propose the use of knowledge graph methods to tackle record linkage tasks. The proposed method, named WERL, takes advantage of the main knowledge graph properties and learns embedding vectors to encode census information. These embeddings are properly weighted to maximize the record linkage performance. We have evaluated this method on benchmark data sets and we have compared it to related methods with stimulating and satisfactory results. |
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| Notes | DAG; 600.140; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ GRP2020 | Serial | 3453 | ||
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| Author | Eduardo Aguilar; Petia Radeva | ||||
| Title | Uncertainty-aware integration of local and flat classifiers for food recognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters | Abbreviated Journal | PRL |
| Volume | 136 | Issue | Pages | 237-243 | |
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| Abstract | Food image recognition has recently attracted the attention of many researchers, due to the challenging problem it poses, the ease collection of food images, and its numerous applications to health and leisure. In real applications, it is necessary to analyze and recognize thousands of different foods. For this purpose, we propose a novel prediction scheme based on a class hierarchy that considers local classifiers, in addition to a flat classifier. In order to make a decision about which approach to use, we define different criteria that take into account both the analysis of the Epistemic Uncertainty estimated from the ‘children’ classifiers and the prediction from the ‘parent’ classifier. We evaluate our proposal using three Uncertainty estimation methods, tested on two public food datasets. The results show that the proposed method reduces parent-child error propagation in hierarchical schemes and improves classification results compared to the single flat classifier, meanwhile maintains good performance regardless the Uncertainty estimation method chosen. | ||||
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| Notes | MILAB; no proj | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ AgR2020 | Serial | 3525 | ||
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| Author | Yaxing Wang | ||||
| Title | Transferring and Learning Representations for Image Generation and Translation | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Image generation is arguably one of the most attractive, compelling, and challenging tasks in computer vision. Among the methods which perform image generation, generative adversarial networks (GANs) play a key role. The most common image generation models based on GANs can be divided into two main approaches. The first one, called simply image generation takes random noise as an input and synthesizes an image which follows the same distribution as the images in the training set. The second class, which is called image-to-image translation, aims to map an image from a source domain to one that is indistinguishable from those in the target domain. Image-to-image translation methods can further be divided into paired and unpaired image-to-image translation based on whether they require paired data or not. In this thesis, we aim to address some challenges of both image generation and image-to-image generation.GANs highly rely upon having access to vast quantities of data, and fail to generate realistic images from random noise when applied to domains with few images. To address this problem, we aim to transfer knowledge from a model trained on a large dataset (source domain) to the one learned on limited data (target domain). We find that both GANs andconditional GANs can benefit from models trained on large datasets. Our experiments show that transferring the discriminator is more important than the generator. Using both the generator and discriminator results in the best performance. We found, however, that this method suffers from overfitting, since we update all parameters to adapt to the target data. We propose a novel architecture, which is tailored to address knowledge transfer to very small target domains. Our approach effectively exploreswhich part of the latent space is more related to the target domain. Additionally, the proposed method is able to transfer knowledge from multiple pretrained GANs. Although image-to-image translation has achieved outstanding performance, it still facesseveral problems. First, for translation between complex domains (such as translations between different modalities) image-to-image translation methods require paired data. We show that when only some of the pairwise translations have been seen (i.e. during training), we can infer the remaining unseen translations (where training pairs are not available). We propose a new approach where we align multiple encoders and decoders in such a way that the desired translation can be obtained by simply cascadingthe source encoder and the target decoder, even when they have not interacted during the training stage (i.e. unseen). Second, we address the issue of bias in image-to-image translation. Biased datasets unavoidably contain undesired changes, which are dueto the fact that the target dataset has a particular underlying visual distribution. We use carefully designed semantic constraints to reduce the effects of the bias. The semantic constraint aims to enforce the preservation of desired image properties. Finally, current approaches fail to generate diverse outputs or perform scalable image transfer in a single model. To alleviate this problem, we propose a scalable and diverse image-to-image translation. We employ random noise to control the diversity. The scalabitlity is determined by conditioning the domain label.computer vision, deep learning, imitation learning, adversarial generative networks, image generation, image-to-image translation. | ||||
| Address | January 2020 | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Ediciones Graficas Rey | Place of Publication | Editor | Joost Van de Weijer;Abel Gonzalez;Luis Herranz | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-84-121011-5-7 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | LAMP; 600.141; 600.120 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ Wan2020 | Serial | 3397 | ||
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| Author | Pau Riba | ||||
| Title | Distilling Structure from Imagery: Graph-based Models for the Interpretation of Document Images | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | From its early stages, the community of Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision has considered the importance of leveraging the structural information when understanding images. Usually, graphs have been proposed as a suitable model to represent this kind of information due to their flexibility and representational power able to codify both, the components, objects, or entities and their pairwise relationship. Even though graphs have been successfully applied to a huge variety of tasks, as a result of their symbolic and relational nature, graphs have always suffered from some limitations compared to statistical approaches. Indeed, some trivial mathematical operations do not have an equivalence in the graph domain. For instance, in the core of many pattern recognition applications, there is a need to compare two objects. This operation, which is trivial when considering feature vectors defined in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), is not properly defined for graphs.
In this thesis, we have investigated the importance of the structural information from two perspectives, the traditional graph-based methods and the new advances on Geometric Deep Learning. On the one hand, we explore the problem of defining a graph representation and how to deal with it on a large scale and noisy scenario. On the other hand, Graph Neural Networks are proposed to first redefine a Graph Edit Distance methodologies as a metric learning problem, and second, to apply them in a real use case scenario for the detection of repetitive patterns which define tables in invoice documents. As experimental framework, we have validated the different methodological contributions in the domain of Document Image Analysis and Recognition. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Ediciones Graficas Rey | Place of Publication | Editor | Josep Llados;Alicia Fornes | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-84-121011-6-4 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | DAG; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ Rib20 | Serial | 3478 | ||
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| Author | Raul Gomez | ||||
| Title | Exploiting the Interplay between Visual and Textual Data for Scene Interpretation | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Machine learning experimentation under controlled scenarios and standard datasets is necessary to compare algorithms performance by evaluating all of them in the same setup. However, experimentation on how those algorithms perform on unconstrained data and applied tasks to solve real world problems is also a must to ascertain how that research can contribute to our society.
In this dissertation we experiment with the latest computer vision and natural language processing algorithms applying them to multimodal scene interpretation. Particularly, we research on how image and text understanding can be jointly exploited to address real world problems, focusing on learning from Social Media data. We address several tasks that involve image and textual information, discuss their characteristics and offer our experimentation conclusions. First, we work on detection of scene text in images. Then, we work with Social Media posts, exploiting the captions associated to images as supervision to learn visual features, which we apply to multimodal semantic image retrieval. Subsequently, we work with geolocated Social Media images with associated tags, experimenting on how to use the tags as supervision, on location sensitive image retrieval and on exploiting location information for image tagging. Finally, we work on a specific classification problem of Social Media publications consisting on an image and a text: Multimodal hate speech classification. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Ediciones Graficas Rey | Place of Publication | Editor | Dimosthenis Karatzas;Lluis Gomez;Jaume Gibert | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-84-121011-7-1 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ Gom20 | Serial | 3479 | ||
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| Author | Sounak Dey | ||||
| Title | Mapping between Images and Conceptual Spaces: Sketch-based Image Retrieval | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | This thesis presents several contributions to the literature of sketch based image retrieval (SBIR). In SBIR the first challenge we face is how to map two different domains to common space for effective retrieval of images, while tackling the different levels of abstraction people use to express their notion of objects around while sketching. To this extent we first propose a cross-modal learning framework that maps both sketches and text into a joint embedding space invariant to depictive style, while preserving semantics. Then we have also investigated different query types possible to encompass people's dilema in sketching certain world objects. For this we propose an approach for multi-modal image retrieval in multi-labelled images. A multi-modal deep network architecture is formulated to jointly model sketches and text as input query modalities into a common embedding space, which is then further aligned with the image feature space. This permits encoding the object-based features and its alignment with the query irrespective of the availability of the co-occurrence of different objects in the training set.
Finally, we explore the problem of zero-shot sketch-based image retrieval (ZS-SBIR), where human sketches are used as queries to conduct retrieval of photos from unseen categories. We importantly advance prior arts by proposing a novel ZS-SBIR scenario that represents a firm step forward in its practical application. The new setting uniquely recognises two important yet often neglected challenges of practical ZS-SBIR, (i) the large domain gap between amateur sketch and photo, and (ii) the necessity for moving towards large-scale retrieval. We first contribute to the community a novel ZS-SBIR dataset, QuickDraw-Extended. We also in this dissertation pave the path to the future direction of research in this domain. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Ediciones Graficas Rey | Place of Publication | Editor | Josep Llados;Umapada Pal | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-84-121011-8-8 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | DAG; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ Dey20 | Serial | 3480 | ||
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| Author | Marc Masana | ||||
| Title | Lifelong Learning of Neural Networks: Detecting Novelty and Adapting to New Domains without Forgetting | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Computer vision has gone through considerable changes in the last decade as neural networks have come into common use. As available computational capabilities have grown, neural networks have achieved breakthroughs in many computer vision tasks, and have even surpassed human performance in others. With accuracy being so high, focus has shifted to other issues and challenges. One research direction that saw a notable increase in interest is on lifelong learning systems. Such systems should be capable of efficiently performing tasks, identifying and learning new ones, and should moreover be able to deploy smaller versions of themselves which are experts on specific tasks. In this thesis, we contribute to research on lifelong learning and address the compression and adaptation of networks to small target domains, the incremental learning of networks faced with a variety of tasks, and finally the detection of out-of-distribution samples at inference time.
We explore how knowledge can be transferred from large pretrained models to more task-specific networks capable of running on smaller devices by extracting the most relevant information. Using a pretrained model provides more robust representations and a more stable initialization when learning a smaller task, which leads to higher performance and is known as domain adaptation. However, those models are too large for certain applications that need to be deployed on devices with limited memory and computational capacity. In this thesis we show that, after performing domain adaptation, some learned activations barely contribute to the predictions of the model. Therefore, we propose to apply network compression based on low-rank matrix decomposition using the activation statistics. This results in a significant reduction of the model size and the computational cost. Like human intelligence, machine intelligence aims to have the ability to learn and remember knowledge. However, when a trained neural network is presented with learning a new task, it ends up forgetting previous ones. This is known as catastrophic forgetting and its avoidance is studied in continual learning. The work presented in this thesis extensively surveys continual learning techniques and presents an approach to avoid catastrophic forgetting in sequential task learning scenarios. Our technique is based on using ternary masks in order to update a network to new tasks, reusing the knowledge of previous ones while not forgetting anything about them. In contrast to earlier work, our masks are applied to the activations of each layer instead of the weights. This considerably reduces the number of parameters to be added for each new task. Furthermore, the analysis on a wide range of work on incremental learning without access to the task-ID, provides insight on current state-of-the-art approaches that focus on avoiding catastrophic forgetting by using regularization, rehearsal of previous tasks from a small memory, or compensating the task-recency bias. Neural networks trained with a cross-entropy loss force the outputs of the model to tend toward a one-hot encoded vector. This leads to models being too overly confident when presented with images or classes that were not present in the training distribution. The capacity of a system to be aware of the boundaries of the learned tasks and identify anomalies or classes which have not been learned yet is key to lifelong learning and autonomous systems. In this thesis, we present a metric learning approach to out-of-distribution detection that learns the task at hand on an embedding space. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Ediciones Graficas Rey | Place of Publication | Editor | Joost Van de Weijer;Andrew Bagdanov | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-84-121011-9-5 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | LAMP; 600.120 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ Mas20 | Serial | 3481 | ||
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| Author | Lei Kang | ||||
| Title | Robust Handwritten Text Recognition in Scarce Labeling Scenarios: Disentanglement, Adaptation and Generation | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Handwritten documents are not only preserved in historical archives but also widely used in administrative documents such as cheques and claims. With the rise of the deep learning era, many state-of-the-art approaches have achieved good performance on specific datasets for Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR). However, it is still challenging to solve real use cases because of the varied handwriting styles across different writers and the limited labeled data. Thus, both explorin a more robust handwriting recognition architectures and proposing methods to diminish the gap between the source and target data in an unsupervised way are
demanded. In this thesis, firstly, we explore novel architectures for HTR, from Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) method with attention mechanism to non-recurrent Transformer-based method. Secondly, we focus on diminishing the performance gap between source and target data in an unsupervised way. Finally, we propose a group of generative methods for handwritten text images, which could be utilized to increase the training set to obtain a more robust recognizer. In addition, by simply modifying the generative method and joining it with a recognizer, we end up with an effective disentanglement method to distill textual content from handwriting styles so as to achieve a generalized recognition performance. We outperform state-of-the-art HTR performances in the experimental results among different scientific and industrial datasets, which prove the effectiveness of the proposed methods. To the best of our knowledge, the non-recurrent recognizer and the disentanglement method are the first contributions in the handwriting recognition field. Furthermore, we have outlined the potential research lines, which would be interesting to explore in the future. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Ediciones Graficas Rey | Place of Publication | Editor | Alicia Fornes;Marçal Rusiñol;Mauricio Villegas | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-84-122714-0-9 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ Kan20 | Serial | 3482 | ||
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| Author | Manuel Carbonell | ||||
| Title | Neural Information Extraction from Semi-structured Documents A | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Sectors as fintech, legaltech or insurance process an inflow of millions of forms, invoices, id documents, claims or similar every day. Together with these, historical archives provide gigantic amounts of digitized documents containing useful information that needs to be stored in machine encoded text with a meaningful structure. This procedure, known as information extraction (IE) comprises the steps of localizing and recognizing text, identifying named entities contained in it and optionally finding relationships among its elements. In this work we explore multi-task neural models at image and graph level to solve all steps in a unified way. While doing so we find benefits and limitations of these end-to-end approaches in comparison with sequential separate methods. More specifically, we first propose a method to produce textual as well as semantic labels with a unified model from handwritten text line images. We do so with the use of a convolutional recurrent neural model trained with connectionist temporal classification to predict the textual as well as semantic information encoded in the images. Secondly, motivated by the success of this approach we investigate the unification of the localization and recognition tasks of handwritten text in full pages with an end-to-end model, observing benefits in doing so. Having two models that tackle information extraction subsequent task pairs in an end-to-end to end manner, we lastly contribute with a method to put them all together in a single neural network to solve the whole information extraction pipeline in a unified way. Doing so we observe some benefits and some limitations in the approach, suggesting that in certain cases it is beneficial to train specialized models that excel at a single challenging task of the information extraction process, as it can be the recognition of named entities or the extraction of relationships between them. For this reason we lastly study the use of the recently arrived graph neural network architectures for the semantic tasks of the information extraction process, which are recognition of named entities and relation extraction, achieving promising results on the relation extraction part. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Ediciones Graficas Rey | Place of Publication | Editor | Alicia Fornes;Mauricio Villegas;Josep Llados | |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | 978-84-122714-1-6 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | DAG; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ Car20 | Serial | 3483 | ||
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| Author | Zhengying Liu; Zhen Xu; Shangeth Rajaa; Meysam Madadi; Julio C. S. Jacques Junior; Sergio Escalera; Adrien Pavao; Sebastien Treguer; Wei-Wei Tu; Isabelle Guyon | ||||
| Title | Towards Automated Deep Learning: Analysis of the AutoDL challenge series 2019 | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
Proceedings of Machine Learning Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 123 | Issue | Pages | 242-252 | |
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| Abstract | We present the design and results of recent competitions in Automated Deep Learning (AutoDL). In the AutoDL challenge series 2019, we organized 5 machine learning challenges: AutoCV, AutoCV2, AutoNLP, AutoSpeech and AutoDL. The first 4 challenges concern each a specific application domain, such as computer vision, natural language processing and speech recognition. At the time of March 2020, the last challenge AutoDL is still on-going and we only present its design. Some highlights of this work include: (1) a benchmark suite of baseline AutoML solutions, with emphasis on domains for which Deep Learning methods have had prior success (image, video, text, speech, etc); (2) a novel any-time learning framework, which opens doors for further theoretical consideration; (3) a repository of around 100 datasets (from all above domains) over half of which are released as public datasets to enable research on meta-learning; (4) analyses revealing that winning solutions generalize to new unseen datasets, validating progress towards universal AutoML solution; (5) open-sourcing of the challenge platform, the starting kit, the dataset formatting toolkit, and all winning solutions (All information available at {autodl.chalearn.org}). | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | NEURIPS | ||
| Notes | HUPBA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ LXR2020 | Serial | 3500 | ||
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| Author | Giovanni Maria Farinella; Petia Radeva; Jose Braz | ||||
| Title | Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision; Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision; Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications; VISIGRAPP 2020 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | MILAB | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ FRB2020a | Serial | 3546 | ||
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| Author | Giovanni Maria Farinella; Petia Radeva; Jose Braz | ||||
| Title | Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision; Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision; Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications; VISIGRAPP 2020 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | MILAB | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ FRB2020b | Serial | 3547 | ||
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| Author | Gabriel Villalonga; Joost Van de Weijer; Antonio Lopez | ||||
| Title | Recognizing new classes with synthetic data in the loop: application to traffic sign recognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
Sensors | Abbreviated Journal | SENS |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 583 |
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| Abstract | On-board vision systems may need to increase the number of classes that can be recognized in a relatively short period. For instance, a traffic sign recognition system may suddenly be required to recognize new signs. Since collecting and annotating samples of such new classes may need more time than we wish, especially for uncommon signs, we propose a method to generate these samples by combining synthetic images and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) technology. In particular, the GAN is trained on synthetic and real-world samples from known classes to perform synthetic-to-real domain adaptation, but applied to synthetic samples of the new classes. Using the Tsinghua dataset with a synthetic counterpart, SYNTHIA-TS, we have run an extensive set of experiments. The results show that the proposed method is indeed effective, provided that we use a proper Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform the traffic sign recognition (classification) task as well as a proper GAN to transform the synthetic images. Here, a ResNet101-based classifier and domain adaptation based on CycleGAN performed extremely well for a ratio∼ 1/4 for new/known classes; even for more challenging ratios such as∼ 4/1, the results are also very positive. | ||||
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| Notes | LAMP; ADAS; 600.118; 600.120 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ VWL2020 | Serial | 3405 | ||
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| Author | Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Cristhian Aguilera; Cristobal A. Navarro; Angel Sappa | ||||
| Title | Fast CNN Stereo Depth Estimation through Embedded GPU Devices | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
Sensors | Abbreviated Journal | SENS |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 3249 |
| Keywords | stereo matching; deep learning; embedded GPU | ||||
| Abstract | Current CNN-based stereo depth estimation models can barely run under real-time constraints on embedded graphic processing unit (GPU) devices. Moreover, state-of-the-art evaluations usually do not consider model optimization techniques, being that it is unknown what is the current potential on embedded GPU devices. In this work, we evaluate two state-of-the-art models on three different embedded GPU devices, with and without optimization methods, presenting performance results that illustrate the actual capabilities of embedded GPU devices for stereo depth estimation. More importantly, based on our evaluation, we propose the use of a U-Net like architecture for postprocessing the cost-volume, instead of a typical sequence of 3D convolutions, drastically augmenting the runtime speed of current models. In our experiments, we achieve real-time inference speed, in the range of 5–32 ms, for 1216 × 368 input stereo images on the Jetson TX2, Jetson Xavier, and Jetson Nano embedded devices. | ||||
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| Notes | MSIAU; 600.122 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ AAN2020 | Serial | 3428 | ||
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