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| Author | Lei Kang; Pau Riba; Marçal Rusiñol; Alicia Fornes; Mauricio Villegas | ||||
| Title | Pay Attention to What You Read: Non-recurrent Handwritten Text-Line Recognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 129 | Issue | Pages | 108766 | |
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| Abstract | The advent of recurrent neural networks for handwriting recognition marked an important milestone reaching impressive recognition accuracies despite the great variability that we observe across different writing styles. Sequential architectures are a perfect fit to model text lines, not only because of the inherent temporal aspect of text, but also to learn probability distributions over sequences of characters and words. However, using such recurrent paradigms comes at a cost at training stage, since their sequential pipelines prevent parallelization. In this work, we introduce a non-recurrent approach to recognize handwritten text by the use of transformer models. We propose a novel method that bypasses any recurrence. By using multi-head self-attention layers both at the visual and textual stages, we are able to tackle character recognition as well as to learn language-related dependencies of the character sequences to be decoded. Our model is unconstrained to any predefined vocabulary, being able to recognize out-of-vocabulary words, i.e. words that do not appear in the training vocabulary. We significantly advance over prior art and demonstrate that satisfactory recognition accuracies are yielded even in few-shot learning scenarios. | ||||
| Address | Sept. 2022 | ||||
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DAG; 600.121; 600.162 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ KRR2022 | Serial | 3556 | ||
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| Author | Mohamed Ali Souibgui; Alicia Fornes; Yousri Kessentini; Beata Megyesi | ||||
| Title | Few shots are all you need: A progressive learning approach for low resource handwritten text recognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Pattern Recognition Letters | Abbreviated Journal | PRL |
| Volume | 160 | Issue | Pages | 43-49 | |
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| Abstract | Handwritten text recognition in low resource scenarios, such as manuscripts with rare alphabets, is a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a few-shot learning-based handwriting recognition approach that significantly reduces the human annotation process, by requiring only a few images of each alphabet symbols. The method consists of detecting all the symbols of a given alphabet in a textline image and decoding the obtained similarity scores to the final sequence of transcribed symbols. Our model is first pretrained on synthetic line images generated from an alphabet, which could differ from the alphabet of the target domain. A second training step is then applied to reduce the gap between the source and the target data. Since this retraining would require annotation of thousands of handwritten symbols together with their bounding boxes, we propose to avoid such human effort through an unsupervised progressive learning approach that automatically assigns pseudo-labels to the unlabeled data. The evaluation on different datasets shows that our model can lead to competitive results with a significant reduction in human effort. The code will be publicly available in the following repository: https://github.com/dali92002/HTRbyMatching | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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DAG; 600.121; 600.162; 602.230 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ SFK2022 | Serial | 3736 | ||
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| Author | Mohamed Ali Souibgui; Asma Bensalah; Jialuo Chen; Alicia Fornes; Michelle Waldispühl | ||||
| Title | A User Perspective on HTR methods for the Automatic Transcription of Rare Scripts: The Case of Codex Runicus Just Accepted | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage | Abbreviated Journal | JOCCH |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1-18 |
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| Abstract | Recent breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning and Document Image Analysis and Recognition have significantly eased the creation of digital libraries and the transcription of historical documents. However, for documents in rare scripts with few labelled training data available, current Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) systems are too constraint. Moreover, research on HTR often focuses on technical aspects only, and rarely puts emphasis on implementing software tools for scholars in Humanities. In this article, we describe, compare and analyse different transcription methods for rare scripts. We evaluate their performance in a real use case of a medieval manuscript written in the runic script (Codex Runicus) and discuss advantages and disadvantages of each method from the user perspective. From this exhaustive analysis and comparison with a fully manual transcription, we raise conclusions and provide recommendations to scholars interested in using automatic transcription tools. | ||||
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| Publisher | ACM | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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DAG; 600.121; 600.162; 602.230; 600.140 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ SBC2023 | Serial | 3732 | ||
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| Author | S.K. Jemni; Mohamed Ali Souibgui; Yousri Kessentini; Alicia Fornes | ||||
| Title | Enhance to Read Better: A Multi-Task Adversarial Network for Handwritten Document Image Enhancement | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 123 | Issue | Pages | 108370 | |
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| Abstract | Handwritten document images can be highly affected by degradation for different reasons: Paper ageing, daily-life scenarios (wrinkles, dust, etc.), bad scanning process and so on. These artifacts raise many readability issues for current Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) algorithms and severely devalue their efficiency. In this paper, we propose an end to end architecture based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to recover the degraded documents into a and form. Unlike the most well-known document binarization methods, which try to improve the visual quality of the degraded document, the proposed architecture integrates a handwritten text recognizer that promotes the generated document image to be more readable. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to use the text information while binarizing handwritten documents. Extensive experiments conducted on degraded Arabic and Latin handwritten documents demonstrate the usefulness of integrating the recognizer within the GAN architecture, which improves both the visual quality and the readability of the degraded document images. Moreover, we outperform the state of the art in H-DIBCO challenges, after fine tuning our pre-trained model with synthetically degraded Latin handwritten images, on this task. | ||||
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| Notes |
DAG; 600.124; 600.121; 602.230 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ JSK2022 | Serial | 3613 | ||
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| Author | Beata Megyesi; Bernhard Esslinger; Alicia Fornes; Nils Kopal; Benedek Lang; George Lasry; Karl de Leeuw; Eva Pettersson; Arno Wacker; Michelle Waldispuhl | ||||
| Title | Decryption of historical manuscripts: the DECRYPT project | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Cryptologia | Abbreviated Journal | CRYPT |
| Volume | 44 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 545-559 |
| Keywords | automatic decryption; cipher collection; historical cryptology; image transcription | ||||
| Abstract | Many historians and linguists are working individually and in an uncoordinated fashion on the identification and decryption of historical ciphers. This is a time-consuming process as they often work without access to automatic methods and processes that can accelerate the decipherment. At the same time, computer scientists and cryptologists are developing algorithms to decrypt various cipher types without having access to a large number of original ciphertexts. In this paper, we describe the DECRYPT project aiming at the creation of resources and tools for historical cryptology by bringing the expertise of various disciplines together for collecting data, exchanging methods for faster progress to transcribe, decrypt and contextualize historical encrypted manuscripts. We present our goals and work-in progress of a general approach for analyzing historical encrypted manuscripts using standardized methods and a new set of state-of-the-art tools. We release the data and tools as open-source hoping that all mentioned disciplines would benefit and contribute to the research infrastructure of historical cryptology. | ||||
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| Notes |
DAG; 600.140; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ MEF2020 | Serial | 3347 | ||
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| Author | B. Gautam; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Joana Maria Pujadas-Mora; Miquel Valls-Figols | ||||
| Title | Knowledge graph based methods for record linkage | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Pattern Recognition Letters | Abbreviated Journal | PRL |
| Volume | 136 | Issue | Pages | 127-133 | |
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| Abstract | Nowadays, it is common in Historical Demography the use of individual-level data as a consequence of a predominant life-course approach for the understanding of the demographic behaviour, family transition, mobility, etc. Advanced record linkage is key since it allows increasing the data complexity and its volume to be analyzed. However, current methods are constrained to link data from the same kind of sources. Knowledge graph are flexible semantic representations, which allow to encode data variability and semantic relations in a structured manner.
In this paper we propose the use of knowledge graph methods to tackle record linkage tasks. The proposed method, named WERL, takes advantage of the main knowledge graph properties and learns embedding vectors to encode census information. These embeddings are properly weighted to maximize the record linkage performance. We have evaluated this method on benchmark data sets and we have compared it to related methods with stimulating and satisfactory results. |
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DAG; 600.140; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ GRP2020 | Serial | 3453 | ||
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| Author | Pau Riba; Andreas Fischer; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes | ||||
| Title | Learning graph edit distance by graph neural networks | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 120 | Issue | Pages | 108132 | |
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| Abstract | The emergence of geometric deep learning as a novel framework to deal with graph-based representations has faded away traditional approaches in favor of completely new methodologies. In this paper, we propose a new framework able to combine the advances on deep metric learning with traditional approximations of the graph edit distance. Hence, we propose an efficient graph distance based on the novel field of geometric deep learning. Our method employs a message passing neural network to capture the graph structure, and thus, leveraging this information for its use on a distance computation. The performance of the proposed graph distance is validated on two different scenarios. On the one hand, in a graph retrieval of handwritten words i.e. keyword spotting, showing its superior performance when compared with (approximate) graph edit distance benchmarks. On the other hand, demonstrating competitive results for graph similarity learning when compared with the current state-of-the-art on a recent benchmark dataset. | ||||
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DAG; 600.140; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RFL2021 | Serial | 3611 | ||
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| Author | Lei Kang; Pau Riba; Marcal Rusinol; Alicia Fornes; Mauricio Villegas | ||||
| Title | Content and Style Aware Generation of Text-line Images for Handwriting Recognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | TPAMI |
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| Abstract | Handwritten Text Recognition has achieved an impressive performance in public benchmarks. However, due to the high inter- and intra-class variability between handwriting styles, such recognizers need to be trained using huge volumes of manually labeled training data. To alleviate this labor-consuming problem, synthetic data produced with TrueType fonts has been often used in the training loop to gain volume and augment the handwriting style variability. However, there is a significant style bias between synthetic and real data which hinders the improvement of recognition performance. To deal with such limitations, we propose a generative method for handwritten text-line images, which is conditioned on both visual appearance and textual content. Our method is able to produce long text-line samples with diverse handwriting styles. Once properly trained, our method can also be adapted to new target data by only accessing unlabeled text-line images to mimic handwritten styles and produce images with any textual content. Extensive experiments have been done on making use of the generated samples to boost Handwritten Text Recognition performance. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the current state of the art. | ||||
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DAG; 600.140; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ KRR2021 | Serial | 3612 | ||
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| Author | Souhail Bakkali; Zuheng Ming; Mickael Coustaty; Marçal Rusiñol; Oriol Ramos Terrades | ||||
| Title | VLCDoC: Vision-Language Contrastive Pre-Training Model for Cross-Modal Document Classification | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 139 | Issue | Pages | 109419 | |
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| Abstract | Multimodal learning from document data has achieved great success lately as it allows to pre-train semantically meaningful features as a prior into a learnable downstream approach. In this paper, we approach the document classification problem by learning cross-modal representations through language and vision cues, considering intra- and inter-modality relationships. Instead of merging features from different modalities into a common representation space, the proposed method exploits high-level interactions and learns relevant semantic information from effective attention flows within and across modalities. The proposed learning objective is devised between intra- and inter-modality alignment tasks, where the similarity distribution per task is computed by contracting positive sample pairs while simultaneously contrasting negative ones in the common feature representation space}. Extensive experiments on public document classification datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and the generalization capacity of our model on both low-scale and large-scale datasets. | ||||
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| ISSN | ISSN 0031-3203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes |
DAG; 600.140; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ BMC2023 | Serial | 3826 | ||
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| Author | Anjan Dutta; Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes | ||||
| Title | Hierarchical Stochastic Graphlet Embedding for Graph-based Pattern Recognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Neural Computing and Applications | Abbreviated Journal | NEUCOMA |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | Pages | 11579–11596 | |
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| Abstract | Despite being very successful within the pattern recognition and machine learning community, graph-based methods are often unusable because of the lack of mathematical operations defined in graph domain. Graph embedding, which maps graphs to a vectorial space, has been proposed as a way to tackle these difficulties enabling the use of standard machine learning techniques. However, it is well known that graph embedding functions usually suffer from the loss of structural information. In this paper, we consider the hierarchical structure of a graph as a way to mitigate this loss of information. The hierarchical structure is constructed by topologically clustering the graph nodes and considering each cluster as a node in the upper hierarchical level. Once this hierarchical structure is constructed, we consider several configurations to define the mapping into a vector space given a classical graph embedding, in particular, we propose to make use of the stochastic graphlet embedding (SGE). Broadly speaking, SGE produces a distribution of uniformly sampled low-to-high-order graphlets as a way to embed graphs into the vector space. In what follows, the coarse-to-fine structure of a graph hierarchy and the statistics fetched by the SGE complements each other and includes important structural information with varied contexts. Altogether, these two techniques substantially cope with the usual information loss involved in graph embedding techniques, obtaining a more robust graph representation. This fact has been corroborated through a detailed experimental evaluation on various benchmark graph datasets, where we outperform the state-of-the-art methods. | ||||
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DAG; 600.140; 600.121; 600.141 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ DRL2020 | Serial | 3348 | ||
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| Author | Lei Kang; Pau Riba; Mauricio Villegas; Alicia Fornes; Marçal Rusiñol | ||||
| Title | Candidate Fusion: Integrating Language Modelling into a Sequence-to-Sequence Handwritten Word Recognition Architecture | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 112 | Issue | Pages | 107790 | |
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| Abstract | Sequence-to-sequence models have recently become very popular for tackling
handwritten word recognition problems. However, how to effectively integrate an external language model into such recognizer is still a challenging problem. The main challenge faced when training a language model is to deal with the language model corpus which is usually different to the one used for training the handwritten word recognition system. Thus, the bias between both word corpora leads to incorrectness on the transcriptions, providing similar or even worse performances on the recognition task. In this work, we introduce Candidate Fusion, a novel way to integrate an external language model to a sequence-to-sequence architecture. Moreover, it provides suggestions from an external language knowledge, as a new input to the sequence-to-sequence recognizer. Hence, Candidate Fusion provides two improvements. On the one hand, the sequence-to-sequence recognizer has the flexibility not only to combine the information from itself and the language model, but also to choose the importance of the information provided by the language model. On the other hand, the external language model has the ability to adapt itself to the training corpus and even learn the most commonly errors produced from the recognizer. Finally, by conducting comprehensive experiments, the Candidate Fusion proves to outperform the state-of-the-art language models for handwritten word recognition tasks. |
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DAG; 600.140; 601.302; 601.312; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ KRV2021 | Serial | 3343 | ||
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| Author | Manuel Carbonell; Alicia Fornes; Mauricio Villegas; Josep Llados | ||||
| Title | A Neural Model for Text Localization, Transcription and Named Entity Recognition in Full Pages | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Pattern Recognition Letters | Abbreviated Journal | PRL |
| Volume | 136 | Issue | Pages | 219-227 | |
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| Abstract | In the last years, the consolidation of deep neural network architectures for information extraction in document images has brought big improvements in the performance of each of the tasks involved in this process, consisting of text localization, transcription, and named entity recognition. However, this process is traditionally performed with separate methods for each task. In this work we propose an end-to-end model that combines a one stage object detection network with branches for the recognition of text and named entities respectively in a way that shared features can be learned simultaneously from the training error of each of the tasks. By doing so the model jointly performs handwritten text detection, transcription, and named entity recognition at page level with a single feed forward step. We exhaustively evaluate our approach on different datasets, discussing its advantages and limitations compared to sequential approaches. The results show that the model is capable of benefiting from shared features by simultaneously solving interdependent tasks. | ||||
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DAG; 600.140; 601.311; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ CFV2020 | Serial | 3451 | ||
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| Author | Ruben Tito; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Ernest Valveny | ||||
| Title | Hierarchical multimodal transformers for Multi-Page DocVQA | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 144 | Issue | Pages | 109834 | |
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| Abstract | Document Visual Question Answering (DocVQA) refers to the task of answering questions from document images. Existing work on DocVQA only considers single-page documents. However, in real scenarios documents are mostly composed of multiple pages that should be processed altogether. In this work we extend DocVQA to the multi-page scenario. For that, we first create a new dataset, MP-DocVQA, where questions are posed over multi-page documents instead of single pages. Second, we propose a new hierarchical method, Hi-VT5, based on the T5 architecture, that overcomes the limitations of current methods to process long multi-page documents. The proposed method is based on a hierarchical transformer architecture where the encoder summarizes the most relevant information of every page and then, the decoder takes this summarized information to generate the final answer. Through extensive experimentation, we demonstrate that our method is able, in a single stage, to answer the questions and provide the page that contains the relevant information to find the answer, which can be used as a kind of explainability measure. | ||||
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| ISSN | ISSN 0031-3203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes |
DAG; 600.155; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ TKV2023 | Serial | 3825 | ||
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| Author | Pau Riba; Lutz Goldmann; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Diede Rusticus; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados | ||||
| Title | Table detection in business document images by message passing networks | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 127 | Issue | Pages | 108641 | |
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| Abstract | Tabular structures in business documents offer a complementary dimension to the raw textual data. For instance, there is information about the relationships among pieces of information. Nowadays, digital mailroom applications have become a key service for workflow automation. Therefore, the detection and interpretation of tables is crucial. With the recent advances in information extraction, table detection and recognition has gained interest in document image analysis, in particular, with the absence of rule lines and unknown information about rows and columns. However, business documents usually contain sensitive contents limiting the amount of public benchmarking datasets. In this paper, we propose a graph-based approach for detecting tables in document images which do not require the raw content of the document. Hence, the sensitive content can be previously removed and, instead of using the raw image or textual content, we propose a purely structural approach to keep sensitive data anonymous. Our framework uses graph neural networks (GNNs) to describe the local repetitive structures that constitute a table. In particular, our main application domain are business documents. We have carefully validated our approach in two invoice datasets and a modern document benchmark. Our experiments demonstrate that tables can be detected by purely structural approaches. | ||||
| Address | July 2022 | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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DAG; 600.162; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RGR2022 | Serial | 3729 | ||
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| Author | Francisco Alvaro; Francisco Cruz; Joan Andreu Sanchez; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Jose Miguel Benedi | ||||
| Title | Structure Detection and Segmentation of Documents Using 2D Stochastic Context-Free Grammars | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Neurocomputing | Abbreviated Journal | NEUCOM |
| Volume | 150 | Issue | A | Pages | 147-154 |
| Keywords | document image analysis; stochastic context-free grammars; text classi cation features | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper we de ne a bidimensional extension of Stochastic Context-Free Grammars for structure detection and segmentation of images of documents.
Two sets of text classi cation features are used to perform an initial classi cation of each zone of the page. Then, the document segmentation is obtained as the most likely hypothesis according to a stochastic grammar. We used a dataset of historical marriage license books to validate this approach. We also tested several inference algorithms for Probabilistic Graphical Models and the results showed that the proposed grammatical model outperformed the other methods. Furthermore, grammars also provide the document structure along with its segmentation. |
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DAG; 601.158; 600.077; 600.061 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ ACS2015 | Serial | 2531 | ||
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