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Author |
Xavier Baro |
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Title |
Probabilistic Darwin Machines: A New Approach to Develop Evolutionary Object Detection |
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2009 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Ever since computers were invented, we have wondered whether they might perform some of the human quotidian tasks. One of the most studied and still nowadays less understood problem is the capacity to learn from our experiences and how we generalize the knowledge that we acquire. One of that unaware tasks for the persons and that more interest is awakening in different scientific areas since the beginning, is the one that is known as pattern recognition. The creation of models that represent the world that surrounds us, help us for recognizing objects in our environment, to predict situations, to identify behaviors... All this information allows us to adapt ourselves and to interact with our environment. The capacity of adaptation of individuals to their environment has been related to the amount of patterns that are capable of identifying.
This thesis faces the pattern recognition problem from a Computer Vision point of view, taking one of the most paradigmatic and extended approaches to object detection as starting point. After studying this approach, two weak points are identified: The first makes reference to the description of the objects, and the second is a limitation of the learning algorithm, which hampers the utilization of best descriptors.
In order to address the learning limitations, we introduce evolutionary computation techniques to the classical object detection approach.
After testing the classical evolutionary approaches, such as genetic algorithms, we develop a new learning algorithm based on Probabilistic Darwin Machines, which better adapts to the learning problem. Once the learning limitation is avoided, we introduce a new feature set, which maintains the benefits of the classical feature set, adding the ability to describe non localities. This combination of evolutionary learning algorithm and features is tested on different public data sets, outperforming the results obtained by the classical approach. |
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Barcelona (Spain) |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Jordi Vitria |
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OR;HuPBA;MV |
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no |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ Bar2009 |
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1262 |
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Author |
Agata Lapedriza |
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Title |
Multitask Learning Techniques for Automatic Face Classification |
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2009 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Automatic face classification is currently a popular research area in Computer Vision. It involves several subproblems, such as subject recognition, gender classification or subject verification.
Current systems of automatic face classification need a large amount of training data to robustly learn a task. However, the collection of labeled data is usually a difficult issue. For this reason, the research on methods that are able to learn from a small sized training set is essential.
The dependency on the abundance of training data is not so evident in human learning processes. We are able to learn from a very small number of examples, given that we use, additionally, some prior knowledge to learn a new task. For example, we frequently find patterns and analogies from other domains to reuse them in new situations, or exploit training data from other experiences.
In computer science, Multitask Learning is a new Machine Learning approach that studies this idea of knowledge transfer among different tasks, to overcome the effects of the small sample sized problem.
This thesis explores, proposes and tests some Multitask Learning methods specially developed for face classification purposes. Moreover, it presents two more contributions dealing with the small sample sized problem, out of the Multitask Learning context. The first one is a method to extract external face features, to be used as an additional information source in automatic face classification problems. The second one is an empirical study on the most suitable face image resolution to perform automatic subject recognition. |
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Barcelona (Spain) |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Jordi Vitria;David Masip |
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OR;MV |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ Lap2009 |
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1263 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol |
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Title |
Geometric and Structural-based Symbol Spotting. Application to Focused Retrieval in Graphic Document Collections |
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2009 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Usually, pattern recognition systems consist of two main parts. On the one hand, the data acquisition and, on the other hand, the classification of this data on a certain category. In order to recognize which category a certain query element belongs to, a set of pattern models must be provided beforehand. An off-line learning stage is needed to train the classifier and to offer a robust classification of the patterns. Within the pattern recognition field, we are interested in the recognition of graphics and, in particular, on the analysis of documents rich in graphical information. In this context, one of the main concerns is to see if the proposed systems remain scalable with respect to the data volume so as it can handle growing amounts of symbol models. In order to avoid to work with a database of reference symbols, symbol spotting and on-the-fly symbol recognition methods have been introduced in the past years.
Generally speaking, the symbol spotting problem can be defined as the identification of a set of regions of interest from a document image which are likely to contain an instance of a certain queriedn symbol without explicitly applying the whole pattern recognition scheme. Our application framework consists on indexing a collection of graphic-rich document images. This collection is
queried by example with a single instance of the symbol to look for and, by means of symbol spotting methods we retrieve the regions of interest where the symbol is likely to appear within the documents. This kind of applications are known as focused retrieval methods.
In order that the focused retrieval application can handle large collections of documents there is a need to provide an efficient access to the large volume of information that might be stored. We use indexing strategies in order to efficiently retrieve by similarity the locations where a certain part of the symbol appears. In that scenario, graphical patterns should be used as indices for accessing and navigating the collection of documents.
These indexing mechanism allow the user to search for similar elements using graphical information rather than textual queries.
Along this thesis we present a spotting architecture and different methods aiming to build a complete focused retrieval application dealing with a graphic-rich document collections. In addition, a protocol to evaluate the performance of symbol
spotting systems in terms of recognition abilities, location accuracy and scalability is proposed. |
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Barcelona (Spain) |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Josep Llados |
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DAG |
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DAG @ dag @ Rus2009 |
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1264 |
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Author |
Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Writer Identification by a Combination of Graphical Features in the Framework of Old Handwritten Music Scores |
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2009 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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The analysis and recognition of historical document images has attracted growing interest in the last years. Mass digitization and document image understanding allows the preservation, access and indexation of this artistic, cultural and technical heritage. The analysis of handwritten documents is an outstanding subfield. The main interest is not only the transcription of the document to a standard format, but also, the identification of the author of a document from a set of writers (namely writer identification).
Writer identification in handwritten text documents is an active area of study, however, the identification of the writer of graphical documents is still a challenge. The main objective of this thesis is the identification of the writer in old music scores, as an example of graphic documents. Concerning old music scores, many historical archives contain a huge number of sheets of musical compositions without information about the composer, and the research on this field could be helpful for musicologists.
The writer identification framework proposed in this thesis combines three different writer identification approaches, which are the main scientific contributions. The first one is based on symbol recognition methods. For this purpose, two novel symbol recognition methods are proposed for coping with the typical distortions in hand-drawn symbols. The second approach preprocesses the music score for obtaining music lines, and extracts information about the slant, width of the writing, connected components, contours and fractals. Finally, the third approach extracts global information by generating texture images from the music scores and extracting textural features (such as Gabor filters and co-occurence matrices).
The high identification rates obtained in the experimental results demonstrate the suitability of the proposed ensemble architecture. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first contribution on writer identification from images containing graphical languages. |
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Barcelona (Spain) |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Josep Llados;Gemma Sanchez |
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DAG @ dag @ For2009 |
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1265 |
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Author |
Jose Antonio Rodriguez |
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Title |
Statistical frameworks and prior information modeling in handwritten word-spotting |
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2009 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Handwritten word-spotting (HWS) is the pattern analysis task that consists in finding keywords in handwritten document images. So far, HWS has been applied mostly to historical documents in order to build search engines for such image collections. This thesis addresses the problem of word-spotting for detecting important keywords in business documents. This is a first step towards the process of automatic routing of correspondence based on content.
However, the application of traditional HWS techniques fails for this type of documents. As opposed to historical documents, real business documents present a very high variability in terms of writing styles, spontaneous writing, crossed-out words, spelling mistakes, etc. The main goal of this thesis is the development of pattern recognition techniques that lead to a high-performance HWS system for this challenging type of data.
We develop a statistical framework in which word models are expressed in terms of hidden Markov models and the a priori information is encoded in a universal vocabulary of Gaussian codewords. This systems leads to a very robust performance in word-spotting task. We also find that by constraining the word models to the universal vocabulary, the a priori information of the problem of interest can be exploited for developing new contributions. These include a novel writer adaptation method, a system for searching handwritten words by generating typed text images, and a novel model-based similarity between feature vector sequences. |
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Barcelona (Spain) |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Gemma Sanchez;Josep Llados;Florent Perronnin |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Rod2009 |
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1266 |
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Author |
Agnes Borras |
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Title |
Contributions to the Content-Based Image Retrieval Using Pictorial Queries |
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2009 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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The broad access to digital cameras, personal computers and Internet, has lead to the generation of large volumes of data in digital form. If we want an effective usage of this huge amount of data, we need automatic tools to allow the retrieval of relevant information. Image data is a particular type of information that requires specific techniques of description and indexing. The computer vision field that studies these kind of techniques is called Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). Instead of using text-based descriptions, a system of CBIR deals on properties that are inherent in the images themselves. Hence, the feature-based description provides a universal via of image expression in contrast with the more than 6000 languages spoken in the world.
Nowadays, the CBIR is a dynamic focus of research that has derived in important applications for many professional groups. The potential fields of application can be such diverse as: the medical domain, the crime prevention, the protection of the intel- lectual property, the journalism, the graphic design, the web search, the preservation of cultural heritage, etc.
The definition on the role of the user is a key point in the development of a CBIR application. The user is in charge to formulate the queries from which the images are retrieved. We have centered our attention on the image retrieval techniques that use queries based on pictorial information. We have identified a taxonomy composed by four main query paradigms: query-by-selection, query-by-iconic-composition, query- by-sketch and query-by-paint. Each one of these paradigms allows a different degree of user expressivity. From a simple image selection, to a complete painting of the query, the user takes control of the input in the CBIR system.
Along the chapters of this thesis we have analyzed the influence that each query paradigm imposes in the internal operations of a CBIR system. Moreover, we have proposed a set of contributions that we have exemplified in the context of a final application. |
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Barcelona (Spain) |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Bellaterra |
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Josep Llados |
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DAG; |
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DAG @ dag @ Bor2009; IAM @ iam @ Bor2009 |
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1269 |
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Author |
Daniel Ponsa; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Seguimiento Visual de Contornos Computerizado |
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2009 |
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UAB Divulga, Revista de divulgacion cientifica |
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spreading;ADAS |
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ADAS @ adas @ PoL2009b |
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1270 |
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Author |
Ferran Diego; Daniel Ponsa; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Video alignment for automotive applications |
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Miscellaneous |
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2009 |
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BMVA one–day technical meeting on vision for automotive applications |
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video alignment |
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London, UK |
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ADAS |
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ADAS @ adas @ DPS2009 |
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1271 |
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Author |
Jose Manuel Alvarez; Antonio Lopez |
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Model-based road detection using shadowless features and on-line learning |
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2009 |
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BMVA one–day technical meeting on vision for automotive applications |
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road detection |
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London, UK |
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ADAS |
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ADAS @ adas @ AlA2009 |
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1272 |
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Author |
Xavier Boix; Josep M. Gonfaus; Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Joost Van de Weijer; Andrew Bagdanov; Marco Pedersoli; Jordi Gonzalez; Joan Serrat |
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Combining local and global bag-of-word representations for semantic segmentation |
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2009 |
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Workshop on The PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge |
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Kyoto (Japan) |
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ICCV |
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ADAS;ISE |
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ADAS @ adas @ BGS2009 |
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1273 |
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Author |
David Geronimo |
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A Global Approach to Vision-Based Pedestrian Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems |
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2010 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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At the beginning of the 21th century, traffic accidents have become a major problem not only for developed countries but also for emerging ones. As in other scientific areas in which Artificial Intelligence is becoming a key actor, advanced driver assistance systems, and concretely pedestrian protection systems based on Computer Vision, are becoming a strong topic of research aimed at improving the safety of pedestrians. However, the challenge is of considerable complexity due to the varying appearance of humans (e.g., clothes, size, aspect ratio, shape, etc.), the dynamic nature of on-board systems and the unstructured moving environments that urban scenarios represent. In addition, the required performance is demanding both in terms of computational time and detection rates. In this thesis, instead of focusing on improving specific tasks as it is frequent in the literature, we present a global approach to the problem. Such a global overview starts by the proposal of a generic architecture to be used as a framework both to review the literature and to organize the studied techniques along the thesis. We then focus the research on tasks such as foreground segmentation, object classification and refinement following a general viewpoint and exploring aspects that are not usually analyzed. In order to perform the experiments, we also present a novel pedestrian dataset that consists of three subsets, each one addressed to the evaluation of a different specific task in the system. The results presented in this thesis not only end with a proposal of a pedestrian detection system but also go one step beyond by pointing out new insights, formalizing existing and proposed algorithms, introducing new techniques and evaluating their performance, which we hope will provide new foundations for future research in the area. |
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Antonio Lopez;Krystian Mikolajczyk;Jaume Amores;Dariu M. Gavrila;Oriol Pujol;Felipe Lumbreras |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Antonio Lopez;Krystian Mikolajczyk;Jaume Amores;Dariu M. Gavrila;Oriol Pujol;Felipe Lumbreras |
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978-84-936529-5-1 |
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ADAS @ adas @ Ger2010 |
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1279 |
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Mario Rojas; David Masip; A. Todorov; Jordi Vitria |
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Title |
Automatic Point-based Facial Trait Judgments Evaluation |
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2010 |
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23rd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
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2715–2720 |
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Humans constantly evaluate the personalities of other people using their faces. Facial trait judgments have been studied in the psychological field, and have been determined to influence important social outcomes of our lives, such as elections outcomes and social relationships. Recent work on textual descriptions of faces has shown that trait judgments are highly correlated. Further, behavioral studies suggest that two orthogonal dimensions, valence and dominance, can describe the basis of the human judgments from faces. In this paper, we used a corpus of behavioral data of judgments on different trait dimensions to automatically learn a trait predictor from facial pixel images. We study whether trait evaluations performed by humans can be learned using machine learning classifiers, and used later in automatic evaluations of new facial images. The experiments performed using local point-based descriptors show promising results in the evaluation of the main traits. |
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San Francisco CA, USA |
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1063-6919 |
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978-1-4244-6984-0 |
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CVPR |
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OR;MV |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ RMT2010 |
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1282 |
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Author |
Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol; Petia Radeva; Jordi Vitria; Maria Teresa Anguera |
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Title |
Automatic Detection of Dominance and Expected Interest |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing |
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EURASIPJ |
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12 |
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Article ID 491819
Social Signal Processing is an emergent area of research that focuses on the analysis of social constructs. Dominance and interest are two of these social constructs. Dominance refers to the level of influence a person has in a conversation. Interest, when referred in terms of group interactions, can be defined as the degree of engagement that the members of a group collectively display during their interaction. In this paper, we argue that only using behavioral motion information, we are able to predict the interest of observers when looking at face-to-face interactions as well as the dominant people. First, we propose a simple set of movement-based features from body, face, and mouth activity in order to define a higher set of interaction indicators. The considered indicators are manually annotated by observers. Based on the opinions obtained, we define an automatic binary dominance detection problem and a multiclass interest quantification problem. Error-Correcting Output Codes framework is used to learn to rank the perceived observer's interest in face-to-face interactions meanwhile Adaboost is used to solve the dominant detection problem. The automatic system shows good correlation between the automatic categorization results and the manual ranking made by the observers in both dominance and interest detection problems. |
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1110-8657 |
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OR;MILAB;HUPBA;MV |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EPR2010d |
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1283 |
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Author |
Santiago Segui; Laura Igual; Jordi Vitria |
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Weighted Bagging for Graph based One-Class Classifiers |
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2010 |
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9th International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems |
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5997 |
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1-10 |
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Most conventional learning algorithms require both positive and negative training data for achieving accurate classification results. However, the problem of learning classifiers from only positive data arises in many applications where negative data are too costly, difficult to obtain, or not available at all. Minimum Spanning Tree Class Descriptor (MSTCD) was presented as a method that achieves better accuracies than other one-class classifiers in high dimensional data. However, the presence of outliers in the target class severely harms the performance of this classifier. In this paper we propose two bagging strategies for MSTCD that reduce the influence of outliers in training data. We show the improved performance on both real and artificially contaminated data. |
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Cairo, Egypt |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-642-12126-5 |
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MCS |
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MILAB;OR;MV |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ SIV2010 |
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1284 |
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Author |
Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Error-Correcting Output Codes Library |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Journal of Machine Learning Research |
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JMLR |
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11 |
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661-664 |
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(Feb):661−664
In this paper, we present an open source Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) library. The ECOC framework is a powerful tool to deal with multi-class categorization problems. This library contains both state-of-the-art coding (one-versus-one, one-versus-all, dense random, sparse random, DECOC, forest-ECOC, and ECOC-ONE) and decoding designs (hamming, euclidean, inverse hamming, laplacian, β-density, attenuated, loss-based, probabilistic kernel-based, and loss-weighted) with the parameters defined by the authors, as well as the option to include your own coding, decoding, and base classifier. |
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1532-4435 |
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MILAB;HUPBA |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EPR2010c |
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1286 |
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