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Gisel Bastidas-Guacho, Patricio Moreno, Boris X. Vintimilla, & Angel Sappa. (2023). Application on the Loop of Multimodal Image Fusion: Trends on Deep-Learning Based Approaches. In 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Systems (Vol. 14234, 25–36).
Abstract: Multimodal image fusion allows the combination of information from different modalities, which is useful for tasks such as object detection, edge detection, and tracking, to name a few. Using the fused representation for applications results in better task performance. There are several image fusion approaches, which have been summarized in surveys. However, the existing surveys focus on image fusion approaches where the application on the loop of multimodal image fusion is not considered. On the contrary, this study summarizes deep learning-based multimodal image fusion for computer vision (e.g., object detection) and image processing applications (e.g., semantic segmentation), that is, approaches where the application module leverages the multimodal fusion process to enhance the final result. Firstly, we introduce image fusion and the existing general frameworks for image fusion tasks such as multifocus, multiexposure and multimodal. Then, we describe the multimodal image fusion approaches. Next, we review the state-of-the-art deep learning multimodal image fusion approaches for vision applications. Finally, we conclude our survey with the trends of task-driven multimodal image fusion.
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Alejandro Ariza-Casabona, Bartlomiej Twardowski, & Tri Kurniawan Wijaya. (2023). Exploiting Graph Structured Cross-Domain Representation for Multi-domain Recommendation. In European Conference on Information Retrieval – ECIR 2023: Advances in Information Retrieval (Vol. 13980, 49–65). LNCS.
Abstract: Multi-domain recommender systems benefit from cross-domain representation learning and positive knowledge transfer. Both can be achieved by introducing a specific modeling of input data (i.e. disjoint history) or trying dedicated training regimes. At the same time, treating domains as separate input sources becomes a limitation as it does not capture the interplay that naturally exists between domains. In this work, we efficiently learn multi-domain representation of sequential users’ interactions using graph neural networks. We use temporal intra- and inter-domain interactions as contextual information for our method called MAGRec (short for Multi-dom Ain Graph-based Recommender). To better capture all relations in a multi-domain setting, we learn two graph-based sequential representations simultaneously: domain-guided for recent user interest, and general for long-term interest. This approach helps to mitigate the negative knowledge transfer problem from multiple domains and improve overall representation. We perform experiments on publicly available datasets in different scenarios where MAGRec consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we provide an ablation study and discuss further extensions of our method.
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Dipam Goswami, Yuyang Liu, Bartlomiej Twardowski, & Joost Van de Weijer. (2023). FeCAM: Exploiting the Heterogeneity of Class Distributions in Exemplar-Free Continual Learning. In 37th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems.
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Kai Wang, Fei Yang, Shiqi Yang, Muhammad Atif Butt, & Joost Van de Weijer. (2023). Dynamic Prompt Learning: Addressing Cross-Attention Leakage for Text-Based Image Editing. In 37th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems.
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ChuanMing Fang, Kai Wang, & Joost Van de Weijer. (2023). IterInv: Iterative Inversion for Pixel-Level T2I Models. In 37th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems.
Abstract: Large-scale text-to-image diffusion models have been a ground-breaking development in generating convincing images following an input text prompt. The goal of image editing research is to give users control over the generated images by modifying the text prompt. Current image editing techniques are relying on DDIM inversion as a common practice based on the Latent Diffusion Models (LDM). However, the large pretrained T2I models working on the latent space as LDM suffer from losing details due to the first compression stage with an autoencoder mechanism. Instead, another mainstream T2I pipeline working on the pixel level, such as Imagen and DeepFloyd-IF, avoids this problem. They are commonly composed of several stages, normally with a text-to-image stage followed by several super-resolution stages. In this case, the DDIM inversion is unable to find the initial noise to generate the original image given that the super-resolution diffusion models are not compatible with the DDIM technique. According to our experimental findings, iteratively concatenating the noisy image as the condition is the root of this problem. Based on this observation, we develop an iterative inversion (IterInv) technique for this stream of T2I models and verify IterInv with the open-source DeepFloyd-IF model. By combining our method IterInv with a popular image editing method, we prove the application prospects of IterInv. The code will be released at \url{this https URL}.
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Zahra Raisi-Estabragh, Carlos Martin-Isla, Louise Nissen, Liliana Szabo, Victor M. Campello, Sergio Escalera, et al. (2023). Radiomics analysis enhances the diagnostic performance of CMR stress perfusion: a proof-of-concept study using the Dan-NICAD dataset. FCM - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, .
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Albin Soutif, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Julio Hurtado, Hamed Hemati, Vincenzo Lomonaco, et al. (2023). A Comprehensive Empirical Evaluation on Online Continual Learning. In Visual Continual Learning (ICCV-W).
Abstract: Online continual learning aims to get closer to a live learning experience by learning directly on a stream of data with temporally shifting distribution and by storing a minimum amount of data from that stream. In this empirical evaluation, we evaluate various methods from the literature that tackle online continual learning. More specifically, we focus on the class-incremental setting in the context of image classification, where the learner must learn new classes incrementally from a stream of data. We compare these methods on the Split-CIFAR100 and Split-TinyImagenet benchmarks, and measure their average accuracy, forgetting, stability, and quality of the representations, to evaluate various aspects of the algorithm at the end but also during the whole training period. We find that most methods suffer from stability and underfitting issues. However, the learned representations are comparable to i.i.d. training under the same computational budget. No clear winner emerges from the results and basic experience replay, when properly tuned and implemented, is a very strong baseline. We release our modular and extensible codebase at this https URL based on the avalanche framework to reproduce our results and encourage future research.
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Matej Kristan, Jiri Matas, Martin Danelljan, Michael Felsberg, Hyung Jin Chang, Luka Cehovin Zajc, et al. (2023). The First Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 Challenge Results. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops (pp. 1796–1818).
Abstract: The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website\footnote https://www.votchallenge.net/vots2023/.
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Joakim Bruslund Haurum, Sergio Escalera, Graham W. Taylor, & Thomas B. (2023). Which Tokens to Use? Investigating Token Reduction in Vision Transformers. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops.
Abstract: Since the introduction of the Vision Transformer (ViT), researchers have sought to make ViTs more efficient by removing redundant information in the processed tokens. While different methods have been explored to achieve this goal, we still lack understanding of the resulting reduction patterns and how those patterns differ across token reduction methods and datasets. To close this gap, we set out to understand the reduction patterns of 10 different token reduction methods using four image classification datasets. By systematically comparing these methods on the different classification tasks, we find that the Top-K pruning method is a surprisingly strong baseline. Through in-depth analysis of the different methods, we determine that: the reduction patterns are generally not consistent when varying the capacity of the backbone model, the reduction patterns of pruning-based methods significantly differ from fixed radial patterns, and the reduction patterns of pruning-based methods are correlated across classification datasets. Finally we report that the similarity of reduction patterns is a moderate-to-strong proxy for model performance. Project page at https://vap.aau.dk/tokens.
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Xavier Soria, Yachuan Li, Mohammad Rouhani, & Angel Sappa. (2023). Tiny and Efficient Model for the Edge Detection Generalization. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops.
Abstract: Most high-level computer vision tasks rely on low-level image operations as their initial processes. Operations such as edge detection, image enhancement, and super-resolution, provide the foundations for higher level image analysis. In this work we address the edge detection considering three main objectives: simplicity, efficiency, and generalization since current state-of-the-art (SOTA) edge detection models are increased in complexity for better accuracy. To achieve this, we present Tiny and Efficient Edge Detector (TEED), a light convolutional neural network with only 58K parameters, less than 0:2% of the state-of-the-art models. Training on the BIPED dataset takes less than 30 minutes, with each epoch requiring less than 5 minutes. Our proposed model is easy to train and it quickly converges within very first few epochs, while the predicted edge-maps are crisp and of high quality. Additionally, we propose a new dataset to test the generalization of edge detection, which comprises samples from popular images used in edge detection and image segmentation. The source code is available in https://github.com/xavysp/TEED.
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Valeriya Khan, Sebastian Cygert, Bartlomiej Twardowski, & Tomasz Trzcinski. (2023). Looking Through the Past: Better Knowledge Retention for Generative Replay in Continual Learning. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops (pp. 3496–3500).
Abstract: In this work, we improve the generative replay in a continual learning setting. We notice that in VAE-based generative replay, the generated features are quite far from the original ones when mapped to the latent space. Therefore, we propose modifications that allow the model to learn and generate complex data. More specifically, we incorporate the distillation in latent space between the current and previous models to reduce feature drift. Additionally, a latent matching for the reconstruction and original data is proposed to improve generated features alignment. Further, based on the observation that the reconstructions are better for preserving knowledge, we add the cycling of generations through the previously trained model to make them closer to the original data. Our method outperforms other generative replay methods in various scenarios.
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Damian Sojka, Sebastian Cygert, Bartlomiej Twardowski, & Tomasz Trzcinski. (2023). AR-TTA: A Simple Method for Real-World Continual Test-Time Adaptation. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops (pp. 3491–3495).
Abstract: Test-time adaptation is a promising research direction that allows the source model to adapt itself to changes in data distribution without any supervision. Yet, current methods are usually evaluated on benchmarks that are only a simplification of real-world scenarios. Hence, we propose to validate test-time adaptation methods using the recently introduced datasets for autonomous driving, namely CLAD-C and SHIFT. We observe that current test-time adaptation methods struggle to effectively handle varying degrees of domain shift, often resulting in degraded performance that falls below that of the source model. We noticed that the root of the problem lies in the inability to preserve the knowledge of the source model and adapt to dynamically changing, temporally correlated data streams. Therefore, we enhance well-established self-training framework by incorporating a small memory buffer to increase model stability and at the same time perform dynamic adaptation based on the intensity of domain shift. The proposed method, named AR-TTA, outperforms existing approaches on both synthetic and more real-world benchmarks and shows robustness across a variety of TTA scenarios.
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Filip Szatkowski, Mateusz Pyla, Marcin Przewięzlikowski, Sebastian Cygert, Bartłomiej Twardowski, & Tomasz Trzcinski. (2023). Adapt Your Teacher: Improving Knowledge Distillation for Exemplar-Free Continual Learning. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops (pp. 3512–3517).
Abstract: In this work, we investigate exemplar-free class incremental learning (CIL) with knowledge distillation (KD) as a regularization strategy, aiming to prevent forgetting. KD-based methods are successfully used in CIL, but they often struggle to regularize the model without access to exemplars of the training data from previous tasks. Our analysis reveals that this issue originates from substantial representation shifts in the teacher network when dealing with out-of-distribution data. This causes large errors in the KD loss component, leading to performance degradation in CIL. Inspired by recent test-time adaptation methods, we introduce Teacher Adaptation (TA), a method that concurrently updates the teacher and the main model during incremental training. Our method seamlessly integrates with KD-based CIL approaches and allows for consistent enhancement of their performance across multiple exemplar-free CIL benchmarks.
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Fei Yang, Kai Wang, & Joost Van de Weijer. (2023). ScrollNet: DynamicWeight Importance for Continual Learning. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops (pp. 3345–3355).
Abstract: The principle underlying most existing continual learning (CL) methods is to prioritize stability by penalizing changes in parameters crucial to old tasks, while allowing for plasticity in other parameters. The importance of weights for each task can be determined either explicitly through learning a task-specific mask during training (e.g., parameter isolation-based approaches) or implicitly by introducing a regularization term (e.g., regularization-based approaches). However, all these methods assume that the importance of weights for each task is unknown prior to data exposure. In this paper, we propose ScrollNet as a scrolling neural network for continual learning. ScrollNet can be seen as a dynamic network that assigns the ranking of weight importance for each task before data exposure, thus achieving a more favorable stability-plasticity tradeoff during sequential task learning by reassigning this ranking for different tasks. Additionally, we demonstrate that ScrollNet can be combined with various CL methods, including regularization-based and replay-based approaches. Experimental results on CIFAR100 and TinyImagenet datasets show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
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Soumya Jahagirdar, Minesh Mathew, Dimosthenis Karatzas, & CV Jawahar. (2023). Understanding Video Scenes Through Text: Insights from Text-Based Video Question Answering. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops.
Abstract: Researchers have extensively studied the field of vision and language, discovering that both visual and textual content is crucial for understanding scenes effectively. Particularly, comprehending text in videos holds great significance, requiring both scene text understanding and temporal reasoning. This paper focuses on exploring two recently introduced datasets, NewsVideoQA and M4-ViteVQA, which aim to address video question answering based on textual content. The NewsVideoQA dataset contains question-answer pairs related to the text in news videos, while M4- ViteVQA comprises question-answer pairs from diverse categories like vlogging, traveling, and shopping. We provide an analysis of the formulation of these datasets on various levels, exploring the degree of visual understanding and multi-frame comprehension required for answering the questions. Additionally, the study includes experimentation with BERT-QA, a text-only model, which demonstrates comparable performance to the original methods on both datasets, indicating the shortcomings in the formulation of these datasets. Furthermore, we also look into the domain adaptation aspect by examining the effectiveness of training on M4-ViteVQA and evaluating on NewsVideoQA and vice-versa, thereby shedding light on the challenges and potential benefits of out-of-domain training.
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