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Author Mark Philip Philipsen; Jacob Velling Dueholm; Anders Jorgensen; Sergio Escalera; Thomas B. Moeslund
Title Organ Segmentation in Poultry Viscera Using RGB-D Type Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 18 Issue (up) 1 Pages 117
Keywords semantic segmentation; RGB-D; random forest; conditional random field; 2D; 3D; CNN
Abstract We present a pattern recognition framework for semantic segmentation of visual structures, that is, multi-class labelling at pixel level, and apply it to the task of segmenting organs in the eviscerated viscera from slaughtered poultry in RGB-D images. This is a step towards replacing the current strenuous manual inspection at poultry processing plants. Features are extracted from feature maps such as activation maps from a convolutional neural network (CNN). A random forest classifier assigns class probabilities, which are further refined by utilizing context in a conditional random field. The presented method is compatible with both 2D and 3D features, which allows us to explore the value of adding 3D and CNN-derived features. The dataset consists of 604 RGB-D images showing 151 unique sets of eviscerated viscera from four different perspectives. A mean Jaccard index of 78.11% is achieved across the four classes of organs by using features derived from 2D, 3D and a CNN, compared to 74.28% using only basic 2D image features.
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Notes HUPBA; no proj Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ PVJ2018 Serial 3072
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Author Cesar Isaza; Joaquin Salas; Bogdan Raducanu
Title Evaluation of Intrinsic Image Algorithms to Detect the Shadows Cast by Static Objects Outdoors Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 12 Issue (up) 10 Pages 13333-13348
Keywords
Abstract In some automatic scene analysis applications, the presence of shadows becomes a nuisance that is necessary to deal with. As a consequence, a preliminary stage in many computer vision algorithms is to attenuate their effect. In this paper, we focus our attention on the detection of shadows cast by static objects outdoors, as the scene is viewed for extended periods of time (days, weeks) from a fixed camera and considering daylight intervals where the main source of light is the sun. In this context, we report two contributions. First, we introduce the use of synthetic images for which ground truth can be generated automatically, avoiding the tedious effort of manual annotation. Secondly, we report a novel application of the intrinsic image concept to the automatic detection of shadows cast by static objects in outdoors. We make both a quantitative and a qualitative evaluation of several algorithms based on this image representation. For the quantitative evaluation, we used the synthetic data set, while for the qualitative evaluation we used both data sets. Our experimental results show that the evaluated methods can partially solve the problem of shadow detection.
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Notes OR;MV Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ ISR2012b Serial 2173
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Author Zhijie Fang; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez
Title On-Board Detection of Pedestrian Intentions Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 17 Issue (up) 10 Pages 2193
Keywords pedestrian intention; ADAS; self-driving
Abstract Avoiding vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes is a critical requirement for nowadays advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS) and future self-driving vehicles. Accordingly, detecting pedestrians from raw sensor data has a history of more than 15 years of research, with vision playing a central role.
During the last years, deep learning has boosted the accuracy of image-based pedestrian detectors.
However, detection is just the first step towards answering the core question, namely is the vehicle going to crash with a pedestrian provided preventive actions are not taken? Therefore, knowing as soon as possible if a detected pedestrian has the intention of crossing the road ahead of the vehicle is
essential for performing safe and comfortable maneuvers that prevent a crash. However, compared to pedestrian detection, there is relatively little literature on detecting pedestrian intentions. This paper aims to contribute along this line by presenting a new vision-based approach which analyzes the
pose of a pedestrian along several frames to determine if he or she is going to enter the road or not. We present experiments showing 750 ms of anticipation for pedestrians crossing the road, which at a typical urban driving speed of 50 km/h can provide 15 additional meters (compared to a pure pedestrian detector) for vehicle automatic reactions or to warn the driver. Moreover, in contrast with state-of-the-art methods, our approach is monocular, neither requiring stereo nor optical flow information.
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Notes ADAS; 600.085; 600.076; 601.223; 600.116; 600.118 Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ FVL2017 Serial 2983
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Author Antonio Hernandez; Miguel Reyes; Victor Ponce; Sergio Escalera
Title GrabCut-Based Human Segmentation in Video Sequences Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 12 Issue (up) 11 Pages 15376-15393
Keywords segmentation; human pose recovery; GrabCut; GraphCut; Active Appearance Models; Conditional Random Field
Abstract In this paper, we present a fully-automatic Spatio-Temporal GrabCut human segmentation methodology that combines tracking and segmentation. GrabCut initialization is performed by a HOG-based subject detection, face detection, and skin color model. Spatial information is included by Mean Shift clustering whereas temporal coherence is considered by the historical of Gaussian Mixture Models. Moreover, full face and pose recovery is obtained by combining human segmentation with Active Appearance Models and Conditional Random Fields. Results over public datasets and in a new Human Limb dataset show a robust segmentation and recovery of both face and pose using the presented methodology.
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Notes HuPBA;MILAB Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ HRP2012 Serial 2147
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Author Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; C. Aguilera; Angel Sappa
Title Melamine Faced Panels Defect Classification beyond the Visible Spectrum Type Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 18 Issue (up) 11 Pages 1-10
Keywords industrial application; infrared; machine learning
Abstract In this work, we explore the use of images from different spectral bands to classify defects in melamine faced panels, which could appear through the production process. Through experimental evaluation, we evaluate the use of images from the visible (VS), near-infrared (NIR), and long wavelength infrared (LWIR), to classify the defects using a feature descriptor learning approach together with a support vector machine classifier. Two descriptors were evaluated, Extended Local Binary Patterns (E-LBP) and SURF using a Bag of Words (BoW) representation. The evaluation was carried on with an image set obtained during this work, which contained five different defect categories that currently occurs in the industry. Results show that using images from beyond the visual spectrum helps to improve classification performance in contrast with a single visible spectrum solution.
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Notes MSIAU; 600.122 Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ AAS2018 Serial 3191
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Author Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Cristhian Aguilera; Cristobal A. Navarro; Angel Sappa
Title Fast CNN Stereo Depth Estimation through Embedded GPU Devices Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 20 Issue (up) 11 Pages 3249
Keywords stereo matching; deep learning; embedded GPU
Abstract Current CNN-based stereo depth estimation models can barely run under real-time constraints on embedded graphic processing unit (GPU) devices. Moreover, state-of-the-art evaluations usually do not consider model optimization techniques, being that it is unknown what is the current potential on embedded GPU devices. In this work, we evaluate two state-of-the-art models on three different embedded GPU devices, with and without optimization methods, presenting performance results that illustrate the actual capabilities of embedded GPU devices for stereo depth estimation. More importantly, based on our evaluation, we propose the use of a U-Net like architecture for postprocessing the cost-volume, instead of a typical sequence of 3D convolutions, drastically augmenting the runtime speed of current models. In our experiments, we achieve real-time inference speed, in the range of 5–32 ms, for 1216 × 368 input stereo images on the Jetson TX2, Jetson Xavier, and Jetson Nano embedded devices.
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Notes MSIAU; 600.122 Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ AAN2020 Serial 3428
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Author Wenjuan Gong; Xuena Zhang; Jordi Gonzalez; Andrews Sobral; Thierry Bouwmans; Changhe Tu; El-hadi Zahzah
Title Human Pose Estimation from Monocular Images: A Comprehensive Survey Type Journal Article
Year 2016 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 16 Issue (up) 12 Pages 1966
Keywords human pose estimation; human bodymodels; generativemethods; discriminativemethods; top-down methods; bottom-up methods
Abstract Human pose estimation refers to the estimation of the location of body parts and how they are connected in an image. Human pose estimation from monocular images has wide applications (e.g., image indexing). Several surveys on human pose estimation can be found in the literature, but they focus on a certain category; for example, model-based approaches or human motion analysis, etc. As far as we know, an overall review of this problem domain has yet to be provided. Furthermore, recent advancements based on deep learning have brought novel algorithms for this problem. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of human pose estimation from monocular images is carried out including milestone works and recent advancements. Based on one standard pipeline for the solution of computer vision problems, this survey splits the problem into several modules: feature extraction and description, human body models, and modeling
methods. Problem modeling methods are approached based on two means of categorization in this survey. One way to categorize includes top-down and bottom-up methods, and another way includes generative and discriminative methods. Considering the fact that one direct application of human pose estimation is to provide initialization for automatic video surveillance, there are additional sections for motion-related methods in all modules: motion features, motion models, and motion-based methods. Finally, the paper also collects 26 publicly available data sets for validation and provides error measurement methods that are frequently used.
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Notes ISE; 600.098; 600.119 Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ GZG2016 Serial 2933
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Author Idoia Ruiz; Joan Serrat
Title Hierarchical Novelty Detection for Traffic Sign Recognition Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 22 Issue (up) 12 Pages 4389
Keywords Novelty detection; hierarchical classification; deep learning; traffic sign recognition; autonomous driving; computer vision
Abstract Recent works have made significant progress in novelty detection, i.e., the problem of detecting samples of novel classes, never seen during training, while classifying those that belong to known classes. However, the only information this task provides about novel samples is that they are unknown. In this work, we leverage hierarchical taxonomies of classes to provide informative outputs for samples of novel classes. We predict their closest class in the taxonomy, i.e., its parent class. We address this problem, known as hierarchical novelty detection, by proposing a novel loss, namely Hierarchical Cosine Loss that is designed to learn class prototypes along with an embedding of discriminative features consistent with the taxonomy. We apply it to traffic sign recognition, where we predict the parent class semantics for new types of traffic signs. Our model beats state-of-the art approaches on two large scale traffic sign benchmarks, Mapillary Traffic Sign Dataset (MTSD) and Tsinghua-Tencent 100K (TT100K), and performs similarly on natural images benchmarks (AWA2, CUB). For TT100K and MTSD, our approach is able to detect novel samples at the correct nodes of the hierarchy with 81% and 36% of accuracy, respectively, at 80% known class accuracy.
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Notes ADAS; 600.154 Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ RuS2022 Serial 3684
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Author Angel Morera; Angel Sanchez; A. Belen Moreno; Angel Sappa; Jose F. Velez
Title SSD vs. YOLO for Detection of Outdoor Urban Advertising Panels under Multiple Variabilities Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 20 Issue (up) 16 Pages 4587
Keywords
Abstract This work compares Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) and You Only Look Once (YOLO) deep neural networks for the outdoor advertisement panel detection problem by handling multiple and combined variabilities in the scenes. Publicity panel detection in images offers important advantages both in the real world as well as in the virtual one. For example, applications like Google Street View can be used for Internet publicity and when detecting these ads panels in images, it could be possible to replace the publicity appearing inside the panels by another from a funding company. In our experiments, both SSD and YOLO detectors have produced acceptable results under variable sizes of panels, illumination conditions, viewing perspectives, partial occlusion of panels, complex background and multiple panels in scenes. Due to the difficulty of finding annotated images for the considered problem, we created our own dataset for conducting the experiments. The major strength of the SSD model was the almost elimination of False Positive (FP) cases, situation that is preferable when the publicity contained inside the panel is analyzed after detecting them. On the other side, YOLO produced better panel localization results detecting a higher number of True Positive (TP) panels with a higher accuracy. Finally, a comparison of the two analyzed object detection models with different types of semantic segmentation networks and using the same evaluation metrics is also included.
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Notes MSIAU; 600.130; 601.349; 600.122 Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ MSM2020 Serial 3452
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Author Sergio Escalera; Xavier Baro; Jordi Vitria; Petia Radeva; Bogdan Raducanu
Title Social Network Extraction and Analysis Based on Multimodal Dyadic Interaction Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 12 Issue (up) 2 Pages 1702-1719
Keywords
Abstract IF=1.77 (2010)
Social interactions are a very important component in peopleís lives. Social network analysis has become a common technique used to model and quantify the properties of social interactions. In this paper, we propose an integrated framework to explore the characteristics of a social network extracted from multimodal dyadic interactions. For our study, we used a set of videos belonging to New York Timesí Blogging Heads opinion blog.
The Social Network is represented as an oriented graph, whose directed links are determined by the Influence Model. The linksí weights are a measure of the ìinfluenceî a person has over the other. The states of the Influence Model encode automatically extracted audio/visual features from our videos using state-of-the art algorithms. Our results are reported in terms of accuracy of audio/visual data fusion for speaker segmentation and centrality measures used to characterize the extracted social network.
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Publisher Molecular Diversity Preservation International Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Notes MILAB; OR;HuPBA;MV Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ EBV2012 Serial 1885
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Author P. Ricaurte ; C. Chilan; Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Boris X. Vintimilla; Angel Sappa
Title Feature Point Descriptors: Infrared and Visible Spectra Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 14 Issue (up) 2 Pages 3690-3701
Keywords
Abstract This manuscript evaluates the behavior of classical feature point descriptors when they are used in images from long-wave infrared spectral band and compare them with the results obtained in the visible spectrum. Robustness to changes in rotation, scaling, blur, and additive noise are analyzed using a state of the art framework. Experimental results using a cross-spectral outdoor image data set are presented and conclusions from these experiments are given.
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Notes ADAS;600.055; 600.076 Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ RCA2014a Serial 2474
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Author O. Fors; J. Nuñez; Xavier Otazu; A. Prades; Robert D. Cardinal
Title Improving the Ability of Image Sensors to Detect Faint Stars and Moving Objects Using Image Deconvolution Techniques Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 10 Issue (up) 3 Pages 1743–1752
Keywords image processing; image deconvolution; faint stars; space debris; wavelet transform
Abstract Abstract: In this paper we show how the techniques of image deconvolution can increase the ability of image sensors as, for example, CCD imagers, to detect faint stars or faint orbital objects (small satellites and space debris). In the case of faint stars, we show that this benefit is equivalent to double the quantum efficiency of the used image sensor or to increase the effective telescope aperture by more than 30% without decreasing the astrometric precision or introducing artificial bias. In the case of orbital objects, the deconvolution technique can double the signal-to-noise ratio of the image, which helps to discover and control dangerous objects as space debris or lost satellites. The benefits obtained using CCD detectors can be extrapolated to any kind of image sensors.
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Notes CIC Approved no
Call Number CAT @ cat @ FNO2010 Serial 1285
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Author Xavier Perez Sala; Sergio Escalera; Cecilio Angulo; Jordi Gonzalez
Title A survey on model based approaches for 2D and 3D visual human pose recovery Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 14 Issue (up) 3 Pages 4189-4210
Keywords human pose recovery; human body modelling; behavior analysis; computer vision
Abstract Human Pose Recovery has been studied in the field of Computer Vision for the last 40 years. Several approaches have been reported, and significant improvements have been obtained in both data representation and model design. However, the problem of Human Pose Recovery in uncontrolled environments is far from being solved. In this paper, we define a general taxonomy to group model based approaches for Human Pose Recovery, which is composed of five main modules: appearance, viewpoint, spatial relations, temporal consistence, and behavior. Subsequently, a methodological comparison is performed following the proposed taxonomy, evaluating current SoA approaches in the aforementioned five group categories. As a result of this comparison, we discuss the main advantages and drawbacks of the reviewed literature.
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Notes HuPBA; ISE; 600.046; 600.063; 600.078;MILAB Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ PEA2014 Serial 2443
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Author Gabriel Villalonga; Joost Van de Weijer; Antonio Lopez
Title Recognizing new classes with synthetic data in the loop: application to traffic sign recognition Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 20 Issue (up) 3 Pages 583
Keywords
Abstract On-board vision systems may need to increase the number of classes that can be recognized in a relatively short period. For instance, a traffic sign recognition system may suddenly be required to recognize new signs. Since collecting and annotating samples of such new classes may need more time than we wish, especially for uncommon signs, we propose a method to generate these samples by combining synthetic images and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) technology. In particular, the GAN is trained on synthetic and real-world samples from known classes to perform synthetic-to-real domain adaptation, but applied to synthetic samples of the new classes. Using the Tsinghua dataset with a synthetic counterpart, SYNTHIA-TS, we have run an extensive set of experiments. The results show that the proposed method is indeed effective, provided that we use a proper Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform the traffic sign recognition (classification) task as well as a proper GAN to transform the synthetic images. Here, a ResNet101-based classifier and domain adaptation based on CycleGAN performed extremely well for a ratio∼ 1/4 for new/known classes; even for more challenging ratios such as∼ 4/1, the results are also very positive.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Notes LAMP; ADAS; 600.118; 600.120 Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ VWL2020 Serial 3405
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Author Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Angel Sappa; Cristhian Aguilera; Ricardo Toledo
Title Cross-Spectral Local Descriptors via Quadruplet Network Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 17 Issue (up) 4 Pages 873
Keywords
Abstract This paper presents a novel CNN-based architecture, referred to as Q-Net, to learn local feature descriptors that are useful for matching image patches from two different spectral bands. Given correctly matched and non-matching cross-spectral image pairs, a quadruplet network is trained to map input image patches to a common Euclidean space, regardless of the input spectral band. Our approach is inspired by the recent success of triplet networks in the visible spectrum, but adapted for cross-spectral scenarios, where, for each matching pair, there are always two possible non-matching patches: one for each spectrum. Experimental evaluations on a public cross-spectral VIS-NIR dataset shows that the proposed approach improves the state-of-the-art. Moreover, the proposed technique can also be used in mono-spectral settings, obtaining a similar performance to triplet network descriptors, but requiring less training data.
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Notes ADAS; 600.086; 600.118 Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ ASA2017 Serial 2914
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