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| Author | Ruben Tito; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Ernest Valveny | ||||
| Title | Hierarchical multimodal transformers for Multi-Page DocVQA | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 144 | Issue | Pages  |
109834 | |
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| Abstract | Document Visual Question Answering (DocVQA) refers to the task of answering questions from document images. Existing work on DocVQA only considers single-page documents. However, in real scenarios documents are mostly composed of multiple pages that should be processed altogether. In this work we extend DocVQA to the multi-page scenario. For that, we first create a new dataset, MP-DocVQA, where questions are posed over multi-page documents instead of single pages. Second, we propose a new hierarchical method, Hi-VT5, based on the T5 architecture, that overcomes the limitations of current methods to process long multi-page documents. The proposed method is based on a hierarchical transformer architecture where the encoder summarizes the most relevant information of every page and then, the decoder takes this summarized information to generate the final answer. Through extensive experimentation, we demonstrate that our method is able, in a single stage, to answer the questions and provide the page that contains the relevant information to find the answer, which can be used as a kind of explainability measure. | ||||
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| ISSN | ISSN 0031-3203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.155; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ TKV2023 | Serial | 3825 | ||
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| Author | Xavier Soria; Angel Sappa; Patricio Humanante; Arash Akbarinia | ||||
| Title | Dense extreme inception network for edge detection | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 139 | Issue | Pages |
109461 | |
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| Abstract | Edge detection is the basis of many computer vision applications. State of the art predominantly relies on deep learning with two decisive factors: dataset content and network architecture. Most of the publicly available datasets are not curated for edge detection tasks. Here, we address this limitation. First, we argue that edges, contours and boundaries, despite their overlaps, are three distinct visual features requiring separate benchmark datasets. To this end, we present a new dataset of edges. Second, we propose a novel architecture, termed Dense Extreme Inception Network for Edge Detection (DexiNed), that can be trained from scratch without any pre-trained weights. DexiNed outperforms other algorithms in the presented dataset. It also generalizes well to other datasets without any fine-tuning. The higher quality of DexiNed is also perceptually evident thanks to the sharper and finer edges it outputs. | ||||
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| Notes | MSIAU | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ SSH2023 | Serial | 3982 | ||
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| Author | Souhail Bakkali; Zuheng Ming; Mickael Coustaty; Marçal Rusiñol; Oriol Ramos Terrades | ||||
| Title | VLCDoC: Vision-Language Contrastive Pre-Training Model for Cross-Modal Document Classification | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 139 | Issue | Pages |
109419 | |
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| Abstract | Multimodal learning from document data has achieved great success lately as it allows to pre-train semantically meaningful features as a prior into a learnable downstream approach. In this paper, we approach the document classification problem by learning cross-modal representations through language and vision cues, considering intra- and inter-modality relationships. Instead of merging features from different modalities into a common representation space, the proposed method exploits high-level interactions and learns relevant semantic information from effective attention flows within and across modalities. The proposed learning objective is devised between intra- and inter-modality alignment tasks, where the similarity distribution per task is computed by contracting positive sample pairs while simultaneously contrasting negative ones in the common feature representation space}. Extensive experiments on public document classification datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and the generalization capacity of our model on both low-scale and large-scale datasets. | ||||
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| ISSN | ISSN 0031-3203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.140; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ BMC2023 | Serial | 3826 | ||
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| Author | Parichehr Behjati; Pau Rodriguez; Carles Fernandez; Isabelle Hupont; Armin Mehri; Jordi Gonzalez | ||||
| Title | Single image super-resolution based on directional variance attention network | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 133 | Issue | Pages |
108997 | |
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| Abstract | Recent advances in single image super-resolution (SISR) explore the power of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to achieve better performance. However, most of the progress has been made by scaling CNN architectures, which usually raise computational demands and memory consumption. This makes modern architectures less applicable in practice. In addition, most CNN-based SR methods do not fully utilize the informative hierarchical features that are helpful for final image recovery. In order to address these issues, we propose a directional variance attention network (DiVANet), a computationally efficient yet accurate network for SISR. Specifically, we introduce a novel directional variance attention (DiVA) mechanism to capture long-range spatial dependencies and exploit inter-channel dependencies simultaneously for more discriminative representations. Furthermore, we propose a residual attention feature group (RAFG) for parallelizing attention and residual block computation. The output of each residual block is linearly fused at the RAFG output to provide access to the whole feature hierarchy. In parallel, DiVA extracts most relevant features from the network for improving the final output and preventing information loss along the successive operations inside the network. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of DiVANet over the state of the art in several datasets, while maintaining relatively low computation and memory footprint. The code is available at https://github.com/pbehjatii/DiVANet. | ||||
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| Notes | ISE | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ BPF2023 | Serial | 3861 | ||
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| Author | Lei Kang; Pau Riba; Marçal Rusiñol; Alicia Fornes; Mauricio Villegas | ||||
| Title | Pay Attention to What You Read: Non-recurrent Handwritten Text-Line Recognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 129 | Issue | Pages |
108766 | |
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| Abstract | The advent of recurrent neural networks for handwriting recognition marked an important milestone reaching impressive recognition accuracies despite the great variability that we observe across different writing styles. Sequential architectures are a perfect fit to model text lines, not only because of the inherent temporal aspect of text, but also to learn probability distributions over sequences of characters and words. However, using such recurrent paradigms comes at a cost at training stage, since their sequential pipelines prevent parallelization. In this work, we introduce a non-recurrent approach to recognize handwritten text by the use of transformer models. We propose a novel method that bypasses any recurrence. By using multi-head self-attention layers both at the visual and textual stages, we are able to tackle character recognition as well as to learn language-related dependencies of the character sequences to be decoded. Our model is unconstrained to any predefined vocabulary, being able to recognize out-of-vocabulary words, i.e. words that do not appear in the training vocabulary. We significantly advance over prior art and demonstrate that satisfactory recognition accuracies are yielded even in few-shot learning scenarios. | ||||
| Address | Sept. 2022 | ||||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.121; 600.162 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ KRR2022 | Serial | 3556 | ||
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| Author | Pau Riba; Lutz Goldmann; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Diede Rusticus; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados | ||||
| Title | Table detection in business document images by message passing networks | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 127 | Issue | Pages |
108641 | |
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| Abstract | Tabular structures in business documents offer a complementary dimension to the raw textual data. For instance, there is information about the relationships among pieces of information. Nowadays, digital mailroom applications have become a key service for workflow automation. Therefore, the detection and interpretation of tables is crucial. With the recent advances in information extraction, table detection and recognition has gained interest in document image analysis, in particular, with the absence of rule lines and unknown information about rows and columns. However, business documents usually contain sensitive contents limiting the amount of public benchmarking datasets. In this paper, we propose a graph-based approach for detecting tables in document images which do not require the raw content of the document. Hence, the sensitive content can be previously removed and, instead of using the raw image or textual content, we propose a purely structural approach to keep sensitive data anonymous. Our framework uses graph neural networks (GNNs) to describe the local repetitive structures that constitute a table. In particular, our main application domain are business documents. We have carefully validated our approach in two invoice datasets and a modern document benchmark. Our experiments demonstrate that tables can be detected by purely structural approaches. | ||||
| Address | July 2022 | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.162; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RGR2022 | Serial | 3729 | ||
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| Author | S.K. Jemni; Mohamed Ali Souibgui; Yousri Kessentini; Alicia Fornes | ||||
| Title | Enhance to Read Better: A Multi-Task Adversarial Network for Handwritten Document Image Enhancement | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 123 | Issue | Pages |
108370 | |
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| Abstract | Handwritten document images can be highly affected by degradation for different reasons: Paper ageing, daily-life scenarios (wrinkles, dust, etc.), bad scanning process and so on. These artifacts raise many readability issues for current Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) algorithms and severely devalue their efficiency. In this paper, we propose an end to end architecture based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to recover the degraded documents into a and form. Unlike the most well-known document binarization methods, which try to improve the visual quality of the degraded document, the proposed architecture integrates a handwritten text recognizer that promotes the generated document image to be more readable. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to use the text information while binarizing handwritten documents. Extensive experiments conducted on degraded Arabic and Latin handwritten documents demonstrate the usefulness of integrating the recognizer within the GAN architecture, which improves both the visual quality and the readability of the degraded document images. Moreover, we outperform the state of the art in H-DIBCO challenges, after fine tuning our pre-trained model with synthetically degraded Latin handwritten images, on this task. | ||||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.124; 600.121; 602.230 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ JSK2022 | Serial | 3613 | ||
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| Author | Pau Riba; Andreas Fischer; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes | ||||
| Title | Learning graph edit distance by graph neural networks | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 120 | Issue | Pages |
108132 | |
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| Abstract | The emergence of geometric deep learning as a novel framework to deal with graph-based representations has faded away traditional approaches in favor of completely new methodologies. In this paper, we propose a new framework able to combine the advances on deep metric learning with traditional approximations of the graph edit distance. Hence, we propose an efficient graph distance based on the novel field of geometric deep learning. Our method employs a message passing neural network to capture the graph structure, and thus, leveraging this information for its use on a distance computation. The performance of the proposed graph distance is validated on two different scenarios. On the one hand, in a graph retrieval of handwritten words i.e. keyword spotting, showing its superior performance when compared with (approximate) graph edit distance benchmarks. On the other hand, demonstrating competitive results for graph similarity learning when compared with the current state-of-the-art on a recent benchmark dataset. | ||||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.140; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RFL2021 | Serial | 3611 | ||
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| Author | Lei Kang; Pau Riba; Mauricio Villegas; Alicia Fornes; Marçal Rusiñol | ||||
| Title | Candidate Fusion: Integrating Language Modelling into a Sequence-to-Sequence Handwritten Word Recognition Architecture | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 112 | Issue | Pages |
107790 | |
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| Abstract | Sequence-to-sequence models have recently become very popular for tackling
handwritten word recognition problems. However, how to effectively integrate an external language model into such recognizer is still a challenging problem. The main challenge faced when training a language model is to deal with the language model corpus which is usually different to the one used for training the handwritten word recognition system. Thus, the bias between both word corpora leads to incorrectness on the transcriptions, providing similar or even worse performances on the recognition task. In this work, we introduce Candidate Fusion, a novel way to integrate an external language model to a sequence-to-sequence architecture. Moreover, it provides suggestions from an external language knowledge, as a new input to the sequence-to-sequence recognizer. Hence, Candidate Fusion provides two improvements. On the one hand, the sequence-to-sequence recognizer has the flexibility not only to combine the information from itself and the language model, but also to choose the importance of the information provided by the language model. On the other hand, the external language model has the ability to adapt itself to the training corpus and even learn the most commonly errors produced from the recognizer. Finally, by conducting comprehensive experiments, the Candidate Fusion proves to outperform the state-of-the-art language models for handwritten word recognition tasks. |
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| Notes | DAG; 600.140; 601.302; 601.312; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ KRV2021 | Serial | 3343 | ||
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| Author | Andres Mafla; Ruben Tito; Sounak Dey; Lluis Gomez; Marçal Rusiñol; Ernest Valveny; Dimosthenis Karatzas | ||||
| Title | Real-time Lexicon-free Scene Text Retrieval | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 110 | Issue | Pages |
107656 | |
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| Abstract | In this work, we address the task of scene text retrieval: given a text query, the system returns all images containing the queried text. The proposed model uses a single shot CNN architecture that predicts bounding boxes and builds a compact representation of spotted words. In this way, this problem can be modeled as a nearest neighbor search of the textual representation of a query over the outputs of the CNN collected from the totality of an image database. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms previous state-of-the-art, while offering a significant increase in processing speed and unmatched expressiveness with samples never seen at training time. Several experiments to assess the generalization capability of the model are conducted in a multilingual dataset, as well as an application of real-time text spotting in videos. | ||||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.121; 600.129; 601.338 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ MTD2021 | Serial | 3493 | ||
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| Author | Meysam Madadi; Hugo Bertiche; Sergio Escalera | ||||
| Title | SMPLR: Deep learning based SMPL reverse for 3D human pose and shape recovery | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 106 | Issue | Pages |
107472 | |
| Keywords | Deep learning; 3D Human pose; Body shape; SMPL; Denoising autoencoder; Volumetric stack hourglass | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper we propose to embed SMPL within a deep-based model to accurately estimate 3D pose and shape from a still RGB image. We use CNN-based 3D joint predictions as an intermediate representation to regress SMPL pose and shape parameters. Later, 3D joints are reconstructed again in the SMPL output. This module can be seen as an autoencoder where the encoder is a deep neural network and the decoder is SMPL model. We refer to this as SMPL reverse (SMPLR). By implementing SMPLR as an encoder-decoder we avoid the need of complex constraints on pose and shape. Furthermore, given that in-the-wild datasets usually lack accurate 3D annotations, it is desirable to lift 2D joints to 3D without pairing 3D annotations with RGB images. Therefore, we also propose a denoising autoencoder (DAE) module between CNN and SMPLR, able to lift 2D joints to 3D and partially recover from structured error. We evaluate our method on SURREAL and Human3.6M datasets, showing improvement over SMPL-based state-of-the-art alternatives by about 4 and 12 mm, respectively. | ||||
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| Notes | HuPBA; no proj | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ MBE2020 | Serial | 3439 | ||
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| Author | Estefania Talavera; Carolin Wuerich; Nicolai Petkov; Petia Radeva | ||||
| Title | Topic modelling for routine discovery from egocentric photo-streams | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 104 | Issue | Pages |
107330 | |
| Keywords | Routine; Egocentric vision; Lifestyle; Behaviour analysis; Topic modelling | ||||
| Abstract | Developing tools to understand and visualize lifestyle is of high interest when addressing the improvement of habits and well-being of people. Routine, defined as the usual things that a person does daily, helps describe the individuals’ lifestyle. With this paper, we are the first ones to address the development of novel tools for automatic discovery of routine days of an individual from his/her egocentric images. In the proposed model, sequences of images are firstly characterized by semantic labels detected by pre-trained CNNs. Then, these features are organized in temporal-semantic documents to later be embedded into a topic models space. Finally, Dynamic-Time-Warping and Spectral-Clustering methods are used for final day routine/non-routine discrimination. Moreover, we introduce a new EgoRoutine-dataset, a collection of 104 egocentric days with more than 100.000 images recorded by 7 users. Results show that routine can be discovered and behavioural patterns can be observed. | ||||
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| Notes | MILAB; no proj | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ TWP2020 | Serial | 3435 | ||
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| Author | Susana Alvarez; Maria Vanrell | ||||
| Title | Texton theory revisited: a bag-of-words approach to combine textons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 12 | Pages |
4312-4325 |
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| Abstract | The aim of this paper is to revisit an old theory of texture perception and
update its computational implementation by extending it to colour. With this in mind we try to capture the optimality of perceptual systems. This is achieved in the proposed approach by sharing well-known early stages of the visual processes and extracting low-dimensional features that perfectly encode adequate properties for a large variety of textures without needing further learning stages. We propose several descriptors in a bag-of-words framework that are derived from different quantisation models on to the feature spaces. Our perceptual features are directly given by the shape and colour attributes of image blobs, which are the textons. In this way we avoid learning visual words and directly build the vocabularies on these lowdimensionaltexton spaces. Main differences between proposed descriptors rely on how co-occurrence of blob attributes is represented in the vocabularies. Our approach overcomes current state-of-art in colour texture description which is proved in several experiments on large texture datasets. |
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| ISSN | 0031-3203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ AlV2012a | Serial | 2130 | ||
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| Author | Joan Mas; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez; J.A. Jorge | ||||
| Title | A syntactic approach based on distortion-tolerant Adjacency Grammars and a spatial-directed parser to interpret sketched diagrams | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 43 | Issue | 12 | Pages |
4148–4164 |
| Keywords | Syntactic Pattern Recognition; Symbol recognition; Diagram understanding; Sketched diagrams; Adjacency Grammars; Incremental parsing; Spatial directed parsing | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents a syntactic approach based on Adjacency Grammars (AG) for sketch diagram modeling and understanding. Diagrams are a combination of graphical symbols arranged according to a set of spatial rules defined by a visual language. AG describe visual shapes by productions defined in terms of terminal and non-terminal symbols (graphical primitives and subshapes), and a set functions describing the spatial arrangements between symbols. Our approach to sketch diagram understanding provides three main contributions. First, since AG are linear grammars, there is a need to define shapes and relations inherently bidimensional using a sequential formalism. Second, our parsing approach uses an indexing structure based on a spatial tessellation. This serves to reduce the search space when finding candidates to produce a valid reduction. This allows order-free parsing of 2D visual sentences while keeping combinatorial explosion in check. Third, working with sketches requires a distortion model to cope with the natural variations of hand drawn strokes. To this end we extended the basic grammar with a distortion measure modeled on the allowable variation on spatial constraints associated with grammar productions. Finally, the paper reports on an experimental framework an interactive system for sketch analysis. User tests performed on two real scenarios show that our approach is usable in interactive settings. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | DAG | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | DAG @ dag @ MLS2010 | Serial | 1336 | ||
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| Author | Umapada Pal; Partha Pratim Roy; N. Tripathya; Josep Llados | ||||
| Title | Multi-oriented Bangla and Devnagari text recognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 43 | Issue | 12 | Pages |
4124–4136 |
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| Abstract | There are printed complex documents where text lines of a single page may have different orientations or the text lines may be curved in shape. As a result, it is difficult to detect the skew of such documents and hence character segmentation and recognition of such documents are a complex task. In this paper, using background and foreground information we propose a novel scheme towards the recognition of Indian complex documents of Bangla and Devnagari script. In Bangla and Devnagari documents usually characters in a word touch and they form cavity regions. To take care of these cavity regions, background information of such documents is used. Convex hull and water reservoir principle have been applied for this purpose. Here, at first, the characters are segmented from the documents using the background information of the text. Next, individual characters are recognized using rotation invariant features obtained from the foreground part of the characters.
For character segmentation, at first, writing mode of a touching component (word) is detected using water reservoir principle based features. Next, depending on writing mode and the reservoir base-region of the touching component, a set of candidate envelope points is then selected from the contour points of the component. Based on these candidate points, the touching component is finally segmented into individual characters. For recognition of multi-sized/multi-oriented characters the features are computed from different angular information obtained from the external and internal contour pixels of the characters. These angular information are computed in such a way that they do not depend on the size and rotation of the characters. Circular and convex hull rings have been used to divide a character into smaller zones to get zone-wise features for higher recognition results. We combine circular and convex hull features to improve the results and these features are fed to support vector machines (SVM) for recognition. From our experiment we obtained recognition results of 99.18% (98.86%) accuracy when tested on 7515 (7874) Devnagari (Bangla) characters. |
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | DAG | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | DAG @ dag @ PRT2010 | Serial | 1337 | ||
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