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	Author	Mariona Caros; Maite Garolera; Petia Radeva; Xavier Giro
	Title	Automatic Reminiscence Therapy for Dementia			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	10th ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	383-387
	Keywords
	Abstract	With people living longer than ever, the number of cases with dementia such as Alzheimer's disease increases steadily. It affects more than 46 million people worldwide, and it is estimated that in 2050 more than 100 million will be affected. While there are not effective treatments for these terminal diseases, therapies such as reminiscence, that stimulate memories from the past are recommended. Currently, reminiscence therapy takes place in care homes and is guided by a therapist or a carer. In this work, we present an AI-based solution to automatize the reminiscence therapy, which consists in a dialogue system that uses photos as input to generate questions. We run a usability case study with patients diagnosed of mild cognitive impairment that shows they found the system very entertaining and challenging. Overall, this paper presents how reminiscence therapy can be automatized by using machine learning, and deployed to smartphones and laptops, making the therapy more accessible to every person affected by dementia.
	Address	Virtual; October 2020
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICRM
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ CGR2020			Serial	3529
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Josep Famadas; Meysam Madadi; Cristina Palmero; Sergio Escalera
	Title	Generative Video Face Reenactment by AUs and Gaze Regularization			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	15th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	444-451
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this work, we propose an encoder-decoder-like architecture to perform face reenactment in image sequences. Our goal is to transfer the training subject identity to a given test subject. We regularize face reenactment by facial action unit intensity and 3D gaze vector regression. This way, we enforce the network to transfer subtle facial expressions and eye dynamics, providing a more lifelike result. The proposed encoder-decoder receives as input the previous sequence frame stacked to the current frame image of facial landmarks. Thus, the generated frames benefit from appearance and geometry, while keeping temporal coherence for the generated sequence. At test stage, a new target subject with the facial performance of the source subject and the appearance of the training subject is reenacted. Principal component analysis is applied to project the test subject geometry to the closest training subject geometry before reenactment. Evaluation of our proposal shows faster convergence, and more accurate and realistic results in comparison to other architectures without action units and gaze regularization.
	Address	Virtual; November 2020
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	FG
	Notes	HUPBA			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ FMP2020			Serial	3517
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	Author	Tomas Sixta; Julio C. S. Jacques Junior; Pau Buch Cardona; Eduard Vazquez; Sergio Escalera
	Title	FairFace Challenge at ECCV 2020: Analyzing Bias in Face Recognition			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ECCV Workshops	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	12540	Issue		Pages	463-481
	Keywords
	Abstract	This work summarizes the 2020 ChaLearn Looking at People Fair Face Recognition and Analysis Challenge and provides a description of the top-winning solutions and analysis of the results. The aim of the challenge was to evaluate accuracy and bias in gender and skin colour of submitted algorithms on the task of 1:1 face verification in the presence of other confounding attributes. Participants were evaluated using an in-the-wild dataset based on reannotated IJB-C, further enriched 12.5K new images and additional labels. The dataset is not balanced, which simulates a real world scenario where AI-based models supposed to present fair outcomes are trained and evaluated on imbalanced data. The challenge attracted 151 participants, who made more 1.8K submissions in total. The final phase of the challenge attracted 36 active teams out of which 10 exceeded 0.999 AUC-ROC while achieving very low scores in the proposed bias metrics. Common strategies by the participants were face pre-processing, homogenization of data distributions, the use of bias aware loss functions and ensemble models. The analysis of top-10 teams shows higher false positive rates (and lower false negative rates) for females with dark skin tone as well as the potential of eyeglasses and young age to increase the false positive rates too.
	Address	Virtual; August 2020
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCVW
	Notes	HUPBA			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ SJB2020			Serial	3499
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	Author	Martin Menchon; Estefania Talavera; Jose M. Massa; Petia Radeva
	Title	Behavioural Pattern Discovery from Collections of Egocentric Photo-Streams			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ECCV Workshops	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	12538	Issue		Pages	469-484
	Keywords
	Abstract	The automatic discovery of behaviour is of high importance when aiming to assess and improve the quality of life of people. Egocentric images offer a rich and objective description of the daily life of the camera wearer. This work proposes a new method to identify a person’s patterns of behaviour from collected egocentric photo-streams. Our model characterizes time-frames based on the context (place, activities and environment objects) that define the images composition. Based on the similarity among the time-frames that describe the collected days for a user, we propose a new unsupervised greedy method to discover the behavioural pattern set based on a novel semantic clustering approach. Moreover, we present a new score metric to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. We validate our method on 104 days and more than 100k images extracted from 7 users. Results show that behavioural patterns can be discovered to characterize the routine of individuals and consequently their lifestyle.
	Address	Virtual; August 2020
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCVW
	Notes	MILAB; no proj			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ MTM2020			Serial	3528
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	Author	Asma Bensalah; Jialuo Chen; Alicia Fornes; Cristina Carmona_Duarte; Josep Llados; Miguel A. Ferrer
	Title	Towards Stroke Patients' Upper-limb Automatic Motor Assessment Using Smartwatches.			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare Applications	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	12661	Issue		Pages	476-489
	Keywords
	Abstract	Assessing the physical condition in rehabilitation scenarios is a challenging problem, since it involves Human Activity Recognition (HAR) and kinematic analysis methods. In addition, the difficulties increase in unconstrained rehabilitation scenarios, which are much closer to the real use cases. In particular, our aim is to design an upper-limb assessment pipeline for stroke patients using smartwatches. We focus on the HAR task, as it is the first part of the assessing pipeline. Our main target is to automatically detect and recognize four key movements inspired by the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale, which are performed in both constrained and unconstrained scenarios. In addition to the application protocol and dataset, we propose two detection and classification baseline methods. We believe that the proposed framework, dataset and baseline results will serve to foster this research field.
	Address	Virtual; January 2021
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICPRW
	Notes	DAG; 600.121; 600.140;			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ BCF2020			Serial	3508
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	Author	Pau Rodriguez; Diego Velazquez; Guillem Cucurull; Josep M. Gonfaus; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez
	Title	Pay attention to the activations: a modular attention mechanism for fine-grained image recognition			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	IEEE Transactions on Multimedia	Abbreviated Journal	TMM
	Volume	22	Issue	2	Pages	502-514
	Keywords
	Abstract	Fine-grained image recognition is central to many multimedia tasks such as search, retrieval, and captioning. Unfortunately, these tasks are still challenging since the appearance of samples of the same class can be more different than those from different classes. This issue is mainly due to changes in deformation, pose, and the presence of clutter. In the literature, attention has been one of the most successful strategies to handle the aforementioned problems. Attention has been typically implemented in neural networks by selecting the most informative regions of the image that improve classification. In contrast, in this paper, attention is not applied at the image level but to the convolutional feature activations. In essence, with our approach, the neural model learns to attend to lower-level feature activations without requiring part annotations and uses those activations to update and rectify the output likelihood distribution. The proposed mechanism is modular, architecture-independent, and efficient in terms of both parameters and computation required. Experiments demonstrate that well-known networks such as wide residual networks and ResNeXt, when augmented with our approach, systematically improve their classification accuracy and become more robust to changes in deformation and pose and to the presence of clutter. As a result, our proposal reaches state-of-the-art classification accuracies in CIFAR-10, the Adience gender recognition task, Stanford Dogs, and UEC-Food100 while obtaining competitive performance in ImageNet, CIFAR-100, CUB200 Birds, and Stanford Cars. In addition, we analyze the different components of our model, showing that the proposed attention modules succeed in finding the most discriminative regions of the image. Finally, as a proof of concept, we demonstrate that with only local predictions, an augmented neural network can successfully classify an image before reaching any fully connected layer, thus reducing the computational amount up to 10%.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ISE; 600.119; 600.098			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RVC2020a			Serial	3417
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	Author	Thomas B. Moeslund; Sergio Escalera; Gholamreza Anbarjafari; Kamal Nasrollahi; Jun Wan
	Title	Statistical Machine Learning for Human Behaviour Analysis			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Entropy	Abbreviated Journal	ENTROPY
	Volume	25	Issue	5	Pages	530
	Keywords	action recognition; emotion recognition; privacy-aware
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	HuPBA; no proj			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ MEA2020			Serial	3441
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	Author	Beata Megyesi; Bernhard Esslinger; Alicia Fornes; Nils Kopal; Benedek Lang; George Lasry; Karl de Leeuw; Eva Pettersson; Arno Wacker; Michelle Waldispuhl
	Title	Decryption of historical manuscripts: the DECRYPT project			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Cryptologia	Abbreviated Journal	CRYPT
	Volume	44	Issue	6	Pages	545-559
	Keywords	automatic decryption; cipher collection; historical cryptology; image transcription
	Abstract	Many historians and linguists are working individually and in an uncoordinated fashion on the identification and decryption of historical ciphers. This is a time-consuming process as they often work without access to automatic methods and processes that can accelerate the decipherment. At the same time, computer scientists and cryptologists are developing algorithms to decrypt various cipher types without having access to a large number of original ciphertexts. In this paper, we describe the DECRYPT project aiming at the creation of resources and tools for historical cryptology by bringing the expertise of various disciplines together for collecting data, exchanging methods for faster progress to transcribe, decrypt and contextualize historical encrypted manuscripts. We present our goals and work-in progress of a general approach for analyzing historical encrypted manuscripts using standardized methods and a new set of state-of-the-art tools. We release the data and tools as open-source hoping that all mentioned disciplines would benefit and contribute to the research infrastructure of historical cryptology.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG; 600.140; 600.121			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ MEF2020			Serial	3347
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	Author	Gabriel Villalonga; Joost Van de Weijer; Antonio Lopez
	Title	Recognizing new classes with synthetic data in the loop: application to traffic sign recognition			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Sensors	Abbreviated Journal	SENS
	Volume	20	Issue	3	Pages	583
	Keywords
	Abstract	On-board vision systems may need to increase the number of classes that can be recognized in a relatively short period. For instance, a traffic sign recognition system may suddenly be required to recognize new signs. Since collecting and annotating samples of such new classes may need more time than we wish, especially for uncommon signs, we propose a method to generate these samples by combining synthetic images and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) technology. In particular, the GAN is trained on synthetic and real-world samples from known classes to perform synthetic-to-real domain adaptation, but applied to synthetic samples of the new classes. Using the Tsinghua dataset with a synthetic counterpart, SYNTHIA-TS, we have run an extensive set of experiments. The results show that the proposed method is indeed effective, provided that we use a proper Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform the traffic sign recognition (classification) task as well as a proper GAN to transform the synthetic images. Here, a ResNet101-based classifier and domain adaptation based on CycleGAN performed extremely well for a ratio∼ 1/4 for new/known classes; even for more challenging ratios such as∼ 4/1, the results are also very positive.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	LAMP; ADAS; 600.118; 600.120			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ VWL2020			Serial	3405
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	Author	Anna Esposito; Italia Cirillo; Antonietta Esposito; Leopoldina Fortunati; Gian Luca Foresti; Sergio Escalera; Nikolaos Bourbakis
	Title	Impairments in decoding facial and vocal emotional expressions in high functioning autistic adults and adolescents			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Faces and Gestures in E-health and welfare workshop	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	667-674
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address	Virtual; November 2020
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	FGW
	Notes	HUPBA			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ ECE2020			Serial	3516
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	Author	Ciprian Corneanu; Meysam Madadi; Sergio Escalera; Aleix Martinez
	Title	Explainable Early Stopping for Action Unit Recognition			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Faces and Gestures in E-health and welfare workshop	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	693-699
	Keywords
	Abstract	A common technique to avoid overfitting when training deep neural networks (DNN) is to monitor the performance in a dedicated validation data partition and to stop training as soon as it saturates. This only focuses on what the model does, while completely ignoring what happens inside it. In this work, we open the “black-box” of DNN in order to perform early stopping. We propose to use a novel theoretical framework that analyses meso-scale patterns in the topology of the functional graph of a network while it trains. Based on it, we decide when it transitions from learning towards overfitting in a more explainable way. We exemplify the benefits of this approach on a state-of-the art custom DNN that jointly learns local representations and label structure employing an ensemble of dedicated subnetworks. We show that it is practically equivalent in performance to early stopping with patience, the standard early stopping algorithm in the literature. This proves beneficial for AU recognition performance and provides new insights into how learning of AUs occurs in DNNs.
	Address	Virtual; November 2020
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	FGW
	Notes	HUPBA;			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ CME2020			Serial	3514
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	Author	Anna Esposito; Terry Amorese; Nelson Maldonato; Alessandro Vinciarelli; Maria Ines Torres; Sergio Escalera; Gennaro Cordasco
	Title	Seniors’ ability to decode differently aged facial emotional expressions			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Faces and Gestures in E-health and welfare workshop	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	716-722
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address	Virtual; November 2020
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	FGW
	Notes	HUPBA			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ EAM2020			Serial	3515
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	Author	Margarita Torre; Beatriz Remeseiro; Petia Radeva; Fernando Martinez
	Title	DeepNEM: Deep Network Energy-Minimization for Agricultural Field Segmentation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing	Abbreviated Journal	JSTAEOR
	Volume	13	Issue		Pages	726-737
	Keywords
	Abstract	One of the main characteristics of agricultural fields is that the appearance of different crops and their growth status, in an aerial image, is varied, and has a wide range of radiometric values and high level of variability. The extraction of these fields and their monitoring are activities that require a high level of human intervention. In this article, we propose a novel automatic algorithm, named deep network energy-minimization (DeepNEM), to extract agricultural fields in aerial images. The model-guided process selects the most relevant image clues extracted by a deep network, completes them and finally generates regions that represent the agricultural fields under a minimization scheme. DeepNEM has been tested over a broad range of fields in terms of size, shape, and content. Different measures were used to compare the DeepNEM with other methods, and to prove that it represents an improved approach to achieve a high-quality segmentation of agricultural fields. Furthermore, this article also presents a new public dataset composed of 1200 images with their parcels boundaries annotations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MILAB			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ TRR2020			Serial	3410
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	Author	Albert Clapes; Julio C. S. Jacques Junior; Carla Morral; Sergio Escalera
	Title	ChaLearn LAP 2020 Challenge on Identity-preserved Human Detection: Dataset and Results			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	15th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	801-808
	Keywords
	Abstract	This paper summarizes the ChaLearn Looking at People 2020 Challenge on Identity-preserved Human Detection (IPHD). For the purpose, we released a large novel dataset containing more than 112K pairs of spatiotemporally aligned depth and thermal frames (and 175K instances of humans) sampled from 780 sequences. The sequences contain hundreds of non-identifiable people appearing in a mix of in-the-wild and scripted scenarios recorded in public and private places. The competition was divided into three tracks depending on the modalities exploited for the detection: (1) depth, (2) thermal, and (3) depth-thermal fusion. Color was also captured but only used to facilitate the groundtruth annotation. Still the temporal synchronization of three sensory devices is challenging, so bad temporal matches across modalities can occur. Hence, the labels provided should considered “weak”, although test frames were carefully selected to minimize this effect and ensure the fairest comparison of the participants’ results. Despite this added difficulty, the results got by the participants demonstrate current fully-supervised methods can deal with that and achieve outstanding detection performance when measured in terms of AP@0.50.
	Address	Virtual; November 2020
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	FG
	Notes	HUPBA			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ CJM2020			Serial	3501
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	Author	Estefania Talavera; Maria Leyva-Vallina; Md. Mostafa Kamal Sarker; Domenec Puig; Nicolai Petkov; Petia Radeva
	Title	Hierarchical approach to classify food scenes in egocentric photo-streams			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics	Abbreviated Journal	J-BHI
	Volume	24	Issue	3	Pages	866 - 877
	Keywords
	Abstract	Recent studies have shown that the environment where people eat can affect their nutritional behaviour. In this work, we provide automatic tools for a personalised analysis of a person's health habits by the examination of daily recorded egocentric photo-streams. Specifically, we propose a new automatic approach for the classification of food-related environments, that is able to classify up to 15 such scenes. In this way, people can monitor the context around their food intake in order to get an objective insight into their daily eating routine. We propose a model that classifies food-related scenes organized in a semantic hierarchy. Additionally, we present and make available a new egocentric dataset composed of more than 33000 images recorded by a wearable camera, over which our proposed model has been tested. Our approach obtains an accuracy and F-score of 56\% and 65\%, respectively, clearly outperforming the baseline methods.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MILAB; no proj			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ TLM2020			Serial	3380
Permanent link to this record