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Author |
Antonio Hernandez |
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Title |
From pixels to gestures: learning visual representations for human analysis in color and depth data sequences |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat de Barcelona-CVC |
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The visual analysis of humans from images is an important topic of interest due to its relevance to many computer vision applications like pedestrian detection, monitoring and surveillance, human-computer interaction, e-health or content-based image retrieval, among others.
In this dissertation we are interested in learning different visual representations of the human body that are helpful for the visual analysis of humans in images and video sequences. To that end, we analyze both RGB and depth image modalities and address the problem from three different research lines, at different levels of abstraction; from pixels to gestures: human segmentation, human pose estimation and gesture recognition.
First, we show how binary segmentation (object vs. background) of the human body in image sequences is helpful to remove all the background clutter present in the scene. The presented method, based on Graph cuts optimization, enforces spatio-temporal consistency of the produced segmentation masks among consecutive frames. Secondly, we present a framework for multi-label segmentation for obtaining much more detailed segmentation masks: instead of just obtaining a binary representation separating the human body from the background, finer segmentation masks can be obtained separating the different body parts.
At a higher level of abstraction, we aim for a simpler yet descriptive representation of the human body. Human pose estimation methods usually rely on skeletal models of the human body, formed by segments (or rectangles) that represent the body limbs, appropriately connected following the kinematic constraints of the human body. In practice, such skeletal models must fulfill some constraints in order to allow for efficient inference, while actually limiting the expressiveness of the model. In order to cope with this, we introduce a top-down approach for predicting the position of the body parts in the model, using a mid-level part representation based on Poselets.
Finally, we propose a framework for gesture recognition based on the bag of visual words framework. We leverage the benefits of RGB and depth image modalities by combining modality-specific visual vocabularies in a late fusion fashion. A new rotation-variant depth descriptor is presented, yielding better results than other state-of-the-art descriptors. Moreover, spatio-temporal pyramids are used to encode rough spatial and temporal structure. In addition, we present a probabilistic reformulation of Dynamic Time Warping for gesture segmentation in video sequences. A Gaussian-based probabilistic model of a gesture is learnt, implicitly encoding possible deformations in both spatial and time domains. |
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January 2015 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Editor |
Sergio Escalera;Stan Sclaroff |
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978-84-940902-0-2 |
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Notes |
HuPBA;MILAB |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Her2015 |
Serial |
2576 |
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Author |
Hongxing Gao |
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Title |
Focused Structural Document Image Retrieval in Digital Mailroom Applications |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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In this work, we develop a generic framework that is able to handle the document retrieval problem in various scenarios such as searching for full page matches or retrieving the counterparts for specific document areas, focusing on their structural similarity or letting their visual resemblance to play a dominant role. Based on the spatial indexing technique, we propose to search for matches of local key-region pairs carrying both structural and visual information from the collection while a scheme allowing to adjust the relative contribution of structural and visual similarity is presented.
Based on the fact that the structure of documents is tightly linked with the distance among their elements, we firstly introduce an efficient detector named Distance Transform based Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (DTMSER). We illustrate that this detector is able to efficiently extract the structure of a document image as a dendrogram (hierarchical tree) of multi-scale key-regions that roughly correspond to letters, words and paragraphs. We demonstrate that, without benefiting from the structure information, the key-regions extracted by the DTMSER algorithm achieve better results comparing with state-of-the-art methods while much less amount of key-regions are employed.
We subsequently propose a pair-wise Bag of Words (BoW) framework to efficiently embed the explicit structure extracted by the DTMSER algorithm. We represent each document as a list of key-region pairs that correspond to the edges in the dendrogram where inclusion relationship is encoded. By employing those structural key-region pairs as the pooling elements for generating the histogram of features, the proposed method is able to encode the explicit inclusion relations into a BoW representation. The experimental results illustrate that the pair-wise BoW, powered by the embedded structural information, achieves remarkable improvement over the conventional BoW and spatial pyramidal BoW methods.
To handle various retrieval scenarios in one framework, we propose to directly query a series of key-region pairs, carrying both structure and visual information, from the collection. We introduce the spatial indexing techniques to the document retrieval community to speed up the structural relationship computation for key-region pairs. We firstly test the proposed framework in a full page retrieval scenario where structurally similar matches are expected. In this case, the pair-wise querying method achieves notable improvement over the BoW and spatial pyramidal BoW frameworks. Furthermore, we illustrate that the proposed method is also able to handle focused retrieval situations where the queries are defined as a specific interesting partial areas of the images. We examine our method on two types of focused queries: structure-focused and exact queries. The experimental results show that, the proposed generic framework obtains nearly perfect precision on both types of focused queries while it is the first framework able to tackle structure-focused queries, setting a new state of the art in the field.
Besides, we introduce a line verification method to check the spatial consistency among the matched key-region pairs. We propose a computationally efficient version of line verification through a two step implementation. We first compute tentative localizations of the query and subsequently employ them to divide the matched key-region pairs into several groups, then line verification is performed within each group while more precise bounding boxes are computed. We demonstrate that, comparing with the standard approach (based on RANSAC), the line verification proposed generally achieves much higher recall with slight loss on precision on specific queries. |
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January 2015 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Editor |
Josep Llados;Dimosthenis Karatzas;Marçal Rusiñol |
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978-84-943427-0-7 |
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Notes |
DAG; 600.077 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Gao2015 |
Serial |
2577 |
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Author |
Joost Van de Weijer; Fahad Shahbaz Khan |
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Title |
An Overview of Color Name Applications in Computer Vision |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Computational Color Imaging Workshop |
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Keywords |
color features; color names; object recognition |
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In this article we provide an overview of color name applications in computer vision. Color names are linguistic labels which humans use to communicate color. Computational color naming learns a mapping from pixels values to color names. In recent years color names have been applied to a wide variety of computer vision applications, including image classification, object recognition, texture classification, visual tracking and action recognition. Here we provide an overview of these results which show that in general color names outperform photometric invariants as a color representation. |
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Saint Etienne; France; March 2015 |
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CCIW |
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LAMP; 600.079; 600.068 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ WeK2015 |
Serial |
2586 |
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Author |
Wenjuan Gong; Y.Huang; Jordi Gonzalez; Liang Wang |
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Title |
An Effective Solution to Double Counting Problem in Human Pose Estimation |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Arxiv |
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Keywords |
Pose estimation; double counting problem; mix-ture of parts Model |
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Abstract |
The mixture of parts model has been successfully applied to solve the 2D
human pose estimation problem either as an explicitly trained body part model
or as latent variables for pedestrian detection. Even in the era of massive
applications of deep learning techniques, the mixture of parts model is still
effective in solving certain problems, especially in the case with limited
numbers of training samples. In this paper, we consider using the mixture of
parts model for pose estimation, wherein a tree structure is utilized for
representing relations between connected body parts. This strategy facilitates
training and inferencing of the model but suffers from double counting
problems, where one detected body part is counted twice due to lack of
constrains among unconnected body parts. To solve this problem, we propose a
generalized solution in which various part attributes are captured by multiple
features so as to avoid the double counted problem. Qualitative and
quantitative experimental results on a public available dataset demonstrate the
effectiveness of our proposed method.
An Effective Solution to Double Counting Problem in Human Pose Estimation – ResearchGate. Available from: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/271218491AnEffectiveSolutiontoDoubleCountingProbleminHumanPose_Estimation [accessed Oct 22, 2015]. |
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Notes |
ISE; 600.078 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ GHG2015 |
Serial |
2590 |
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Author |
Adriana Romero; Nicolas Ballas; Samira Ebrahimi Kahou; Antoine Chassang; Carlo Gatta; Yoshua Bengio |
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Title |
FitNets: Hints for Thin Deep Nets |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
3rd International Conference on Learning Representations ICLR2015 |
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Keywords |
Computer Science ; Learning; Computer Science ;Neural and Evolutionary Computing |
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Abstract |
While depth tends to improve network performances, it also makes gradient-based training more difficult since deeper networks tend to be more non-linear. The recently proposed knowledge distillation approach is aimed at obtaining small and fast-to-execute models, and it has shown that a student network could imitate the soft output of a larger teacher network or ensemble of networks. In this paper, we extend this idea to allow the training of a student that is deeper and thinner than the teacher, using not only the outputs but also the intermediate representations learned by the teacher as hints to improve the training process and final performance of the student. Because the student intermediate hidden layer will generally be smaller than the teacher's intermediate hidden layer, additional parameters are introduced to map the student hidden layer to the prediction of the teacher hidden layer. This allows one to train deeper students that can generalize better or run faster, a trade-off that is controlled by the chosen student capacity. For example, on CIFAR-10, a deep student network with almost 10.4 times less parameters outperforms a larger, state-of-the-art teacher network. |
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San Diego; CA; May 2015 |
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Conference |
ICLR |
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Notes |
MILAB |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ RBK2015 |
Serial |
2593 |
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Author |
C. Alejandro Parraga |
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Title |
Perceptual Psychophysics |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Biologically-Inspired Computer Vision: Fundamentals and Applications |
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G.Cristobal; M.Keil; L.Perrinet |
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978-3-527-41264-8 |
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CIC; 600.074 |
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Admin @ si @ Par2015 |
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2600 |
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Author |
Hugo Jair Escalante; Jose Martinez; Sergio Escalera; Victor Ponce; Xavier Baro |
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Title |
Improving Bag of Visual Words Representations with Genetic Programming |
Type |
Conference Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks IJCNN2015 |
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The bag of visual words is a well established representation in diverse computer vision problems. Taking inspiration from the fields of text mining and retrieval, this representation has proved to be very effective in a large number of domains.
In most cases, a standard term-frequency weighting scheme is considered for representing images and videos in computer vision. This is somewhat surprising, as there are many alternative ways of generating bag of words representations within the text processing community. This paper explores the use of alternative weighting schemes for landmark tasks in computer vision: image
categorization and gesture recognition. We study the suitability of using well-known supervised and unsupervised weighting schemes for such tasks. More importantly, we devise a genetic program that learns new ways of representing images and videos under the bag of visual words representation. The proposed method learns to combine term-weighting primitives trying to maximize the classification performance. Experimental results are reported in standard image and video data sets showing the effectiveness of the proposed evolutionary algorithm. |
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Killarney; Ireland; July 2015 |
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IJCNN |
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Notes |
HuPBA;MV |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ EME2015 |
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2603 |
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Author |
Isabelle Guyon; Kristin Bennett; Gavin Cawley; Hugo Jair Escalante; Sergio Escalera; Tin Kam Ho; Nuria Macia; Bisakha Ray; Alexander Statnikov; Evelyne Viegas |
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Title |
Design of the 2015 ChaLearn AutoML Challenge |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks IJCNN2015 |
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ChaLearn is organizing for IJCNN 2015 an Automatic Machine Learning challenge (AutoML) to solve classification and regression problems from given feature representations, without any human intervention. This is a challenge with code
submission: the code submitted can be executed automatically on the challenge servers to train and test learning machines on new datasets. However, there is no obligation to submit code. Half of the prizes can be won by just submitting prediction results.
There are six rounds (Prep, Novice, Intermediate, Advanced, Expert, and Master) in which datasets of progressive difficulty are introduced (5 per round). There is no requirement to participate in previous rounds to enter a new round. The rounds alternate AutoML phases in which submitted code is “blind tested” on
datasets the participants have never seen before, and Tweakathon phases giving time (' 1 month) to the participants to improve their methods by tweaking their code on those datasets. This challenge will push the state-of-the-art in fully automatic machine learning on a wide range of problems taken from real world
applications. The platform will remain available beyond the termination of the challenge: http://codalab.org/AutoML |
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Killarney; Ireland; July 2015 |
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IJCNN |
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Notes |
HuPBA;MILAB |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ GBC2015a |
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2604 |
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Author |
Carles Sanchez; Debora Gil; R. Tazi; Jorge Bernal; Y. Ruiz; L. Planas; F. Javier Sanchez; Antoni Rosell |
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Title |
Quasi-real time digital assessment of Central Airway Obstruction |
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2015 |
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3rd European congress for bronchology and interventional pulmonology ECBIP2015 |
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Barcelona; Spain; April 2015 |
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ECBIP |
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IAM; MV; 600.075 |
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SGT2015 |
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2612 |
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Hanne Kause; Patricia Marquez; Andrea Fuster; Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Luc Florack; Debora Gil; Hans van Assen |
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Title |
Quality Assessment of Optical Flow in Tagging MRI |
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2015 |
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5th Dutch Bio-Medical Engineering Conference BME2015 |
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The Netherlands; January 2015 |
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BME |
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IAM; ADAS; 600.076; 600.075 |
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Admin @ si @ KMF2015 |
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2616 |
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Author |
Olivier Lefebvre; Pau Riba; Charles Fournier; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados; Rejean Plamondon; Jules Gagnon-Marchand |
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Monitoring neuromotricity on-line: a cloud computing approach |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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17th Conference of the International Graphonomics Society IGS2015 |
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The goal of our experiment is to develop a useful and accessible tool that can be used to evaluate a patient's health by analyzing handwritten strokes. We use a cloud computing approach to analyze stroke data sampled on a commercial tablet working on the Android platform and a distant server to perform complex calculations using the Delta and Sigma lognormal algorithms. A Google Drive account is used to store the data and to ease the development of the project. The communication between the tablet, the cloud and the server is encrypted to ensure biomedical information confidentiality. Highly parameterized biomedical tests are implemented on the tablet as well as a free drawing test to evaluate the validity of the data acquired by the first test compared to the second one. A blurred shape model descriptor pattern recognition algorithm is used to classify the data obtained by the free drawing test. The functions presented in this paper are still currently under development and other improvements are needed before launching the application in the public domain. |
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Pointe-à-Pitre; Guadeloupe; June 2015 |
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IGS |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ LRF2015 |
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2617 |
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Author |
Jorge Bernal; F. Javier Sanchez; Cristina Rodriguez de Miguel; Gloria Fernandez Esparrach |
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Bulding up the future of colonoscopy: A synergy between clinicians and computer scientists |
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2015 |
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Colonoscopy and Colorectal Cancer |
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Intelligent systems; Image properties; Validation; Clinical drawbacks; Endoluminal scene description |
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Recent advances in endoscopic technology have generated an increasing interest in strengthening the collaboration between clinicians and computers scientist to develop intelligent systems that can provide additional information to clinicians in the different stages of an intervention. The objective of this chapter is to identify clinical drawbacks of colonoscopy in order to define potential areas of collaboration. Once areas are defined, we present the challenges that colonoscopy images present in order computational methods to provide with meaningful output, including those related to image formation and acquisition, as they are proven to have an impact in the performance of an intelligent system. Finally, we also propose how to define validation frameworks in order to assess the performance of a given method, making an special emphasis on how databases should be created and annotated and which metrics should be used to evaluate systems correctly. |
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978-953-51-2225-8 |
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Admin @ si @ BSR2015 |
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2624 |
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Author |
Youssef El Rhabi; Simon Loic; Brun Luc |
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Estimation de la pose d’une caméra à partir d’un flux vidéo en s’approchant du temps réel |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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15ème édition d'ORASIS, journées francophones des jeunes chercheurs en vision par ordinateur ORASIS2015 |
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Augmented Reality; SFM; SLAM; real time pose computation; 2D/3D registration |
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Finding a way to estimate quickly and robustly the pose of an image is essential in augmented reality. Here we will discuss the approach we chose in order to get closer to real time by using SIFT points [4]. We propose a method based on filtering both SIFT points and images on which to focus on. Hence we will focus on relevant data. |
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Amiens; France; June 2015 |
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ORASIS |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ RLL2015 |
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2626 |
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Author |
M. Cruz; Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Boris X. Vintimilla; Ricardo Toledo; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Cross-spectral image registration and fusion: an evaluation study |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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2nd International Conference on Machine Vision and Machine Learning |
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multispectral imaging; image registration; data fusion; infrared and visible spectra |
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This paper presents a preliminary study on the registration and fusion of cross-spectral imaging. The objective is to evaluate the validity of widely used computer vision approaches when they are applied at different
spectral bands. In particular, we are interested in merging images from the infrared (both long wave infrared: LWIR and near infrared: NIR) and visible spectrum (VS). Experimental results with different data sets are presented. |
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Barcelona; July 2015 |
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MVML |
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ADAS; 600.076 |
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Admin @ si @ CAV2015 |
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2629 |
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Author |
Jiaolong Xu |
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Title |
Domain Adaptation of Deformable Part-based Models |
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2015 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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On-board pedestrian detection is crucial for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
(ADAS). An accurate classication is fundamental for vision-based pedestrian detection.
The underlying assumption for learning classiers is that the training set and the deployment environment (testing) follow the same probability distribution regarding the features used by the classiers. However, in practice, there are dierent reasons that can break this constancy assumption. Accordingly, reusing existing classiers by adapting them from the previous training environment (source domain) to the new testing one (target domain) is an approach with increasing acceptance in the computer vision community. In this thesis we focus on the domain adaptation of deformable part-based models (DPMs) for pedestrian detection. As a prof of concept, we use a computer graphic based synthetic dataset, i.e. a virtual world, as the source domain, and adapt the virtual-world trained DPM detector to various real-world dataset.
We start by exploiting the maximum detection accuracy of the virtual-world
trained DPM. Even though, when operating in various real-world datasets, the virtualworld trained detector still suer from accuracy degradation due to the domain gap of virtual and real worlds. We then focus on domain adaptation of DPM. At the rst step, we consider single source and single target domain adaptation and propose two batch learning methods, namely A-SSVM and SA-SSVM. Later, we further consider leveraging multiple target (sub-)domains for progressive domain adaptation and propose a hierarchical adaptive structured SVM (HA-SSVM) for optimization. Finally, we extend HA-SSVM for the challenging online domain adaptation problem, aiming at making the detector to automatically adapt to the target domain online, without any human intervention. All of the proposed methods in this thesis do not require
revisiting source domain data. The evaluations are done on the Caltech pedestrian detection benchmark. Results show that SA-SSVM slightly outperforms A-SSVM and avoids accuracy drops as high as 15 points when comparing with a non-adapted detector. The hierarchical model learned by HA-SSVM further boosts the domain adaptation performance. Finally, the online domain adaptation method has demonstrated that it can achieve comparable accuracy to the batch learned models while not requiring manually label target domain examples. Domain adaptation for pedestrian detection is of paramount importance and a relatively unexplored area. We humbly hope the work in this thesis could provide foundations for future work in this area. |
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April 2015 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Antonio Lopez |
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978-84-943427-1-4 |
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ADAS; 600.076 |
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Admin @ si @ Xu2015 |
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2631 |
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