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	Author	Marçal Rusiñol; V. Poulain d'Andecy; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Josep Llados
	Title	Classification of Administrative Document Images by Logo Identification			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2014	Publication	Graphics Recognition. Current Trends and Challenges	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8746	Issue		Pages	49-58
	Keywords	Administrative Document Classification; Logo Recognition; Logo Spotting
	Abstract	This paper is focused on the categorization of administrative document images (such as invoices) based on the recognition of the supplier’s graphical logo. Two different methods are proposed, the first one uses a bag-of-visual-words model whereas the second one tries to locate logo images described by the blurred shape model descriptor within documents by a sliding-window technique. Preliminar results are reported with a dataset of real administrative documents.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor	Bart Lamiroy; Jean-Marc Ogier
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-662-44853-3	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG; 600.056; 600.045; 605.203; 600.077			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RPK2014			Serial	2701
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	Author	Alicia Fornes; V.C.Kieu; M. Visani; N.Journet; Anjan Dutta
	Title	The ICDAR/GREC 2013 Music Scores Competition: Staff Removal			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2014	Publication	Graphics Recognition. Current Trends and Challenges	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8746	Issue		Pages	207-220
	Keywords	Competition; Graphics recognition; Music scores; Writer identification; Staff removal
	Abstract	The first competition on music scores that was organized at ICDAR and GREC in 2011 awoke the interest of researchers, who participated in both staff removal and writer identification tasks. In this second edition, we focus on the staff removal task and simulate a real case scenario concerning old and degraded music scores. For this purpose, we have generated a new set of semi-synthetic images using two degradation models that we previously introduced: local noise and 3D distortions. In this extended paper we provide an extended description of the dataset, degradation models, evaluation metrics, the participant’s methods and the obtained results that could not be presented at ICDAR and GREC proceedings due to page limitations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor	B.Lamiroy; J.-M. Ogier
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-662-44853-3	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG; 600.077; 600.061			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ FKV2014			Serial	2581
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	Author	Hana Jarraya; Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman; Jean-Yves Ramel
	Title	Improving Fuzzy Multilevel Graph Embedding Technique by Employing Topological Node Features: An Application to Graphics Recognition			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2017	Publication	Graphics Recognition. Current Trends and Challenges	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	9657	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor	B. Lamiroy; R Dueire Lins
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	GREC
	Notes	DAG; 600.097; 600.121			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ JLR2017			Serial	2928
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	Author	Jose Elias Yauri
	Title	Deep Learning Based Data Fusion Approaches for the Assessment of Cognitive States on EEG Signals			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2023	Publication	PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	For millennia, the study of the couple brain-mind has fascinated the humanity in order to understand the complex nature of cognitive states. A cognitive state is the state of the mind at a specific time and involves cognition activities to acquire and process information for making a decision, solving a problem, or achieving a goal. While normal cognitive states assist in the successful accomplishment of tasks; on the contrary, abnormal states of the mind can lead to task failures due to a reduced cognition capability. In this thesis, we focus on the assessment of cognitive states by means of the analysis of ElectroEncephaloGrams (EEG) signals using deep learning methods. EEG records the electrical activity of the brain using a set of electrodes placed on the scalp that output a set of spatiotemporal signals that are expected to be correlated to a specific mental process. From the point of view of artificial intelligence, any method for the assessment of cognitive states using EEG signals as input should face several challenges. On the one hand, one should determine which is the most suitable approach for the optimal combination of the multiple signals recorded by EEG electrodes. On the other hand, one should have a protocol for the collection of good quality unambiguous annotated data, and an experimental design for the assessment of the generalization and transfer of models. In order to tackle them, first, we propose several convolutional neural architectures to perform data fusion of the signals recorded by EEG electrodes, at raw signal and feature levels. Four channel fusion methods, easy to incorporate into any neural network architecture, are proposed and assessed. Second, we present a method to create an unambiguous dataset for the prediction of cognitive mental workload using serious games and an Airbus-320 flight simulator. Third, we present a validation protocol that takes into account the levels of generalization of models based on the source and amount of test data. Finally, the approaches for the assessment of cognitive states are applied to two use cases of high social impact: the assessment of mental workload for personalized support systems in the cockpit and the detection of epileptic seizures. The results obtained from the first use case show the feasibility of task transfer of models trained to detect workload in serious games to real flight scenarios. The results from the second use case show the generalization capability of our EEG channel fusion methods at k-fold cross-validation, patient-specific, and population levels.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	IMPRIMA	Place of Publication		Editor	Aura Hernandez;Debora Gil
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	IAM			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ Yau2023			Serial	3962
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	Author	Debora Gil; Agnes Borras; Manuel Ballester; Francesc Carreras; Ruth Aris; Manuel Vazquez; Enric Marti; Ferran Poveda
	Title	MIOCARDIA: Integrating cardiac function and muscular architecture for a better diagnosis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	14th International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Deep understanding of myocardial structure of the heart would unravel crucial knowledge for clinical and medical procedures. The MIOCARDIA project is a multidisciplinary project in cooperation with l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau, Clinica la Creu Blanca and Barcelona Supercomputing Center. The ultimate goal of this project is defining a computational model of the myocardium. The model takes into account the deep interrelation between the anatomy and the mechanics of the heart. The paper explains the workflow of the MIOCARDIA project. It also introduces a multiresolution reconstruction technique based on DT-MRI streamlining for simplified global myocardial model generation. Our reconstructions can restore the most complex myocardial structures and provides evidences of a global helical organization.
	Address	Barcelona; Spain
	Corporate Author	Association for Computing Machinery			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Barcelona, Spain	Editor	Association for Computing Machinery
	Language	english	Summary Language	english	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-1-4503-0913-4	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ISABEL
	Notes	IAM			Approved	no
	Call Number	IAM @ iam @ GGB2011			Serial	1691
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	Author	Fadi Dornaika; Angel Sappa
	Title	Real Time Image Registration for Planar Structure and 3D Sensor Pose Estimation			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2008	Publication	Stereo Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	18	Issue		Pages	299–316
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor	Asim Bhatti
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ DoS2008c			Serial	1057
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	Author	Daniel Ponsa
	Title	Model-Based Visual Localisation of Contours and Vehicles			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2007	Publication	PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Phd Thesis
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	Ediciones Graficas Rey	Place of Publication		Editor	Antonio Lopez;Xavier Roca
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-84-935251-3-2	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ Pon2007			Serial	1107
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	Author	Jose Manuel Alvarez
	Title	Combining Context and Appearance for Road Detection			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2010	Publication	PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Road traffic crashes have become a major cause of death and injury throughout the world. Hence, in order to improve road safety, the automobile manufacture is moving towards the development of vehicles with autonomous functionalities such as keeping in the right lane, safe distance keeping between vehicles or regulating the speed of the vehicle according to the traffic conditions. A key component of these systems is vision–based road detection that aims to detect the free road surface ahead the moving vehicle. Detecting the road using a monocular vision system is very challenging since the road is an outdoor scenario imaged from a mobile platform. Hence, the detection algorithm must be able to deal with continuously changing imaging conditions such as the presence ofdifferent objects (vehicles, pedestrians), different environments (urban, highways, off–road), different road types (shape, color), and different imaging conditions (varying illumination, different viewpoints and changing weather conditions). Therefore, in this thesis, we focus on vision–based road detection using a single color camera. More precisely, we first focus on analyzing and grouping pixels according to their low–level properties. In this way, two different approaches are presented to exploit color and photometric invariance. Then, we focus the research of the thesis on exploiting context information. This information provides relevant knowledge about the road not using pixel features from road regions but semantic information from the analysis of the scene. In this way, we present two different approaches to infer the geometry of the road ahead the moving vehicle. Finally, we focus on combining these context and appearance (color) approaches to improve the overall performance of road detection algorithms. The qualitative and quantitative results presented in this thesis on real–world driving sequences show that the proposed method is robust to varying imaging conditions, road types and scenarios going beyond the state–of–the–art.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	Ediciones Graficas Rey	Place of Publication		Editor	Antonio Lopez;Theo Gevers
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-84-937261-8-8	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ Alv2010			Serial	1454
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	Author	Akhil Gurram
	Title	Monocular Depth Estimation for Autonomous Driving			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2022	Publication	PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	3D geometric information is essential for on-board perception in autonomous driving and driver assistance. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are equipped with calibrated sensor suites. As part of these suites, we can find LiDARs, which are expensive active sensors in charge of providing the 3D geometric information. Depending on the operational conditions for the AV, calibrated stereo rigs may be also sufficient for obtaining 3D geometric information, being these rigs less expensive and easier to install than LiDARs. However, ensuring a proper maintenance and calibration of these types of sensors is not trivial. Accordingly, there is an increasing interest on performing monocular depth estimation (MDE) to obtain 3D geometric information on-board. MDE is very appealing since it allows for appearance and depth being on direct pixelwise correspondence without further calibration. Moreover, a set of single cameras with MDE capabilities would still be a cheap solution for on-board perception, relatively easy to integrate and maintain in an AV. Best MDE models are based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained in a supervised manner, i.e., assuming pixelwise ground truth (GT). Accordingly, the overall goal of this PhD is to study methods for improving CNN-based MDE accuracy under different training settings. More specifically, this PhD addresses different research questions that are described below. When we started to work in this PhD, state-of-theart methods for MDE were already based on CNNs. In fact, a promising line of work consisted in using image-based semantic supervision (i.e., pixel-level class labels) while training CNNs for MDE using LiDAR-based supervision (i.e., depth). It was common practice to assume that the same raw training data are complemented by both types of supervision, i.e., with depth and semantic labels. However, in practice, it was more common to find heterogeneous datasets with either only depth supervision or only semantic supervision. Therefore, our first work was to research if we could train CNNs for MDE by leveraging depth and semantic information from heterogeneous datasets. We show that this is indeed possible, and we surpassed the state-of-the-art results on MDE at the time we did this research. To achieve our results, we proposed a particular CNN architecture and a new training protocol. After this research, it was clear that the upper-bound setting to train CNN-based MDE models consists in using LiDAR data as supervision. However, it would be cheaper and more scalable if we would be able to train such models from monocular sequences. Obviously, this is far more challenging, but worth to research. Training MDE models using monocular sequences is possible by relying on structure-from-motion (SfM) principles to generate self-supervision. Nevertheless, problems of camouflaged objects, visibility changes, static-camera intervals, textureless areas, and scale ambiguity, diminish the usefulness of such self-supervision. To alleviate these problems, we perform MDE by virtual-world supervision and real-world SfM self-supervision. We call our proposalMonoDEVSNet. We compensate the SfM self-supervision limitations by leveraging virtual-world images with accurate semantic and depth supervision, as well as addressing the virtual-to-real domain gap. MonoDEVSNet outperformed previous MDE CNNs trained on monocular and even stereo sequences. We have publicly released MonoDEVSNet at <https://github.com/HMRC-AEL/MonoDEVSNet>. Finally, since MDE is performed to produce 3D information for being used in downstream tasks related to on-board perception. We also address the question of whether the standard metrics for MDE assessment are a good indicator for future MDE-based driving-related perception tasks. By using 3D object detection on point clouds as proxy of on-board perception, we conclude that, indeed, MDE evaluation metrics give rise to a ranking of methods which reflects relatively well the 3D object detection results we may expect.
	Address	March, 2022
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	IMPRIMA	Place of Publication		Editor	Antonio Lopez;Onay Urfalioglu
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-84-124793-0-0	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ Gur2022			Serial	3712
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	Author	Cesar de Souza
	Title	Action Recognition in Videos: Data-efficient approaches for supervised learning of human action classification models for video			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2018	Publication	PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this dissertation, we explore different ways to perform human action recognition in video clips. We focus on data efficiency, proposing new approaches that alleviate the need for laborious and time-consuming manual data annotation. In the first part of this dissertation, we start by analyzing previous state-of-the-art models, comparing their differences and similarities in order to pinpoint where their real strengths come from. Leveraging this information, we then proceed to boost the classification accuracy of shallow models to levels that rival deep neural networks. We introduce hybrid video classification architectures based on carefully designed unsupervised representations of handcrafted spatiotemporal features classified by supervised deep networks. We show in our experiments that our hybrid model combine the best of both worlds: it is data efficient (trained on 150 to 10,000 short clips) and yet improved significantly on the state of the art, including deep models trained on millions of manually labeled images and videos. In the second part of this research, we investigate the generation of synthetic training data for action recognition, as it has recently shown promising results for a variety of other computer vision tasks. We propose an interpretable parametric generative model of human action videos that relies on procedural generation and other computer graphics techniques of modern game engines. We generate a diverse, realistic, and physically plausible dataset of human action videos, called PHAV for “Procedural Human Action Videos”. It contains a total of 39,982 videos, with more than 1,000 examples for each action of 35 categories. Our approach is not limited to existing motion capture sequences, and we procedurally define 14 synthetic actions. We then introduce deep multi-task representation learning architectures to mix synthetic and real videos, even if the action categories differ. Our experiments on the UCF-101 and HMDB-51 benchmarks suggest that combining our large set of synthetic videos with small real-world datasets can boost recognition performance, outperforming fine-tuning state-of-the-art unsupervised generative models of videos.
	Address	April 2018
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	Ediciones Graficas Rey	Place of Publication		Editor	Antonio Lopez;Naila Murray
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS; 600.118			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ Sou2018			Serial	3127
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	Author	David Geronimo
	Title	A Global Approach to Vision-Based Pedestrian Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2010	Publication	PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	At the beginning of the 21th century, traffic accidents have become a major problem not only for developed countries but also for emerging ones. As in other scientific areas in which Artificial Intelligence is becoming a key actor, advanced driver assistance systems, and concretely pedestrian protection systems based on Computer Vision, are becoming a strong topic of research aimed at improving the safety of pedestrians. However, the challenge is of considerable complexity due to the varying appearance of humans (e.g., clothes, size, aspect ratio, shape, etc.), the dynamic nature of on-board systems and the unstructured moving environments that urban scenarios represent. In addition, the required performance is demanding both in terms of computational time and detection rates. In this thesis, instead of focusing on improving specific tasks as it is frequent in the literature, we present a global approach to the problem. Such a global overview starts by the proposal of a generic architecture to be used as a framework both to review the literature and to organize the studied techniques along the thesis. We then focus the research on tasks such as foreground segmentation, object classification and refinement following a general viewpoint and exploring aspects that are not usually analyzed. In order to perform the experiments, we also present a novel pedestrian dataset that consists of three subsets, each one addressed to the evaluation of a different specific task in the system. The results presented in this thesis not only end with a proposal of a pedestrian detection system but also go one step beyond by pointing out new insights, formalizing existing and proposed algorithms, introducing new techniques and evaluating their performance, which we hope will provide new foundations for future research in the area.
	Address	Antonio Lopez;Krystian Mikolajczyk;Jaume Amores;Dariu M. Gavrila;Oriol Pujol;Felipe Lumbreras
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	Ediciones Graficas Rey	Place of Publication		Editor	Antonio Lopez;Krystian Mikolajczyk;Jaume Amores;Dariu M. Gavrila;Oriol Pujol;Felipe Lumbreras
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-84-936529-5-1	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ Ger2010			Serial	1279
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	Author	Muhammad Anwer Rao
	Title	Color for Object Detection and Action Recognition			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2013	Publication	PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Recognizing object categories in real world images is a challenging problem in computer vision. The deformable part based framework is currently the most successful approach for object detection. Generally, HOG are used for image representation within the part-based framework. For action recognition, the bag-of-word framework has shown to provide promising results. Within the bag-of-words framework, local image patches are described by SIFT descriptor. Contrary to object detection and action recognition, combining color and shape has shown to provide the best performance for object and scene recognition. In the first part of this thesis, we analyze the problem of person detection in still images. Standard person detection approaches rely on intensity based features for image representation while ignoring the color. Channel based descriptors is one of the most commonly used approaches in object recognition. This inspires us to evaluate incorporating color information using the channel based fusion approach for the task of person detection. In the second part of the thesis, we investigate the problem of object detection in still images. Due to high dimensionality, channel based fusion increases the computational cost. Moreover, channel based fusion has been found to obtain inferior results for object category where one of the visual varies significantly. On the other hand, late fusion is known to provide improved results for a wide range of object categories. A consequence of late fusion strategy is the need of a pure color descriptor. Therefore, we propose to use Color attributes as an explicit color representation for object detection. Color attributes are compact and computationally efficient. Consequently color attributes are combined with traditional shape features providing excellent results for object detection task. Finally, we focus on the problem of action detection and classification in still images. We investigate the potential of color for action classification and detection in still images. We also evaluate different fusion approaches for combining color and shape information for action recognition. Additionally, an analysis is performed to validate the contribution of color for action recognition. Our results clearly demonstrate that combining color and shape information significantly improve the performance of both action classification and detection in still images.
	Address	Barcelona
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	Ediciones Graficas Rey	Place of Publication		Editor	Antonio Lopez;Joost Van de Weijer
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ Rao2013			Serial	2281
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	Author	Javier Marin
	Title	Pedestrian Detection Based on Local Experts			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2013	Publication	PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	During the last decade vision-based human detection systems have started to play a key rolein multiple applications linked to driver assistance, surveillance, robot sensing and home automation. Detecting humans is by far one of the most challenging tasks in Computer Vision. This is mainly due to the high degree of variability in the human appearanceassociated to the clothing, pose, shape and size. Besides, other factors such as cluttered scenarios, partial occlusions, or environmental conditions can make the detection task even harder. Most promising methods of the state-of-the-art rely on discriminative learning paradigms which are fed with positive and negative examples. The training data is one of the most relevant elements in order to build a robust detector as it has to cope the large variability of the target. In order to create this dataset human supervision is required. The drawback at this point is the arduous effort of annotating as well as looking for such claimed variability. In this PhD thesis we address two recurrent problems in the literature. In the first stage,we aim to reduce the consuming task of annotating, namely, by using computer graphics. More concretely, we develop a virtual urban scenario for later generating a pedestrian dataset. Then, we train a detector using this dataset, and finally we assess if this detector can be successfully applied in a real scenario. In the second stage, we focus on increasing the robustness of our pedestrian detectors under partial occlusions. In particular, we present a novel occlusion handling approach to increase the performance of block-based holistic methods under partial occlusions. For this purpose, we make use of local experts via a RandomSubspaceMethod (RSM) to handle these cases. If the method infers a possible partial occlusion, then the RSM, based on performance statistics obtained from partially occluded data, is applied. The last objective of this thesis is to propose a robust pedestrian detector based on an ensemble of local experts. To achieve this goal, we use the random forest paradigm, where the trees act as ensembles an their nodesare the local experts. In particular, each expert focus on performing a robust classification ofa pedestrian body patch. This approach offers computational efficiency and far less design complexity when compared to other state-of-the-artmethods, while reaching better accuracy
	Address	Barcelona
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	Ediciones Graficas Rey	Place of Publication		Editor	Antonio Lopez;Jaume Amores
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ Mar2013			Serial	2280
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	Author	Gabriel Villalonga
	Title	Leveraging Synthetic Data to Create Autonomous Driving Perception Systems			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2021	Publication	PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Manually annotating images to develop vision models has been a major bottleneck since computer vision and machine learning started to walk together. This has been more evident since computer vision falls on the shoulders of data-hungry deep learning techniques. When addressing on-board perception for autonomous driving, the curse of data annotation is exacerbated due to the use of additional sensors such as LiDAR. Therefore, any approach aiming at reducing such a timeconsuming and costly work is of high interest for addressing autonomous driving and, in fact, for any application requiring some sort of artificial perception. In the last decade, it has been shown that leveraging from synthetic data is a paradigm worth to pursue in order to minimizing manual data annotation. The reason is that the automatic process of generating synthetic data can also produce different types of associated annotations (e.g. object bounding boxes for synthetic images and LiDAR pointclouds, pixel/point-wise semantic information, etc.). Directly using synthetic data for training deep perception models may not be the definitive solution in all circumstances since it can appear a synth-to-real domain shift. In this context, this work focuses on leveraging synthetic data to alleviate manual annotation for three perception tasks related to driving assistance and autonomous driving. In all cases, we assume the use of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to develop our perception models. The first task addresses traffic sign recognition (TSR), a kind of multi-class classification problem. We assume that the number of sign classes to be recognized must be suddenly increased without having annotated samples to perform the corresponding TSR CNN re-training. We show that leveraging synthetic samples of such new classes and transforming them by a generative adversarial network (GAN) trained on the known classes (i.e. without using samples from the new classes), it is possible to re-train the TSR CNN to properly classify all the signs for a ∼ 1/4 ratio of new/known sign classes. The second task addresses on-board 2D object detection, focusing on vehicles and pedestrians. In this case, we assume that we receive a set of images without the annotations required to train an object detector, i.e. without object bounding boxes. Therefore, our goal is to self-annotate these images so that they can later be used to train the desired object detector. In order to reach this goal, we leverage from synthetic data and propose a semi-supervised learning approach based on the co-training idea. In fact, we use a GAN to reduce the synthto-real domain shift before applying co-training. Our quantitative results show that co-training and GAN-based image-to-image translation complement each other up to allow the training of object detectors without manual annotation, and still almost reaching the upper-bound performances of the detectors trained from human annotations. While in previous tasks we focus on vision-based perception, the third task we address focuses on LiDAR pointclouds. Our initial goal was to develop a 3D object detector trained on synthetic LiDAR-style pointclouds. While for images we may expect synth/real-to-real domain shift due to differences in their appearance (e.g. when source and target images come from different camera sensors), we did not expect so for LiDAR pointclouds since these active sensors factor out appearance and provide sampled shapes. However, in practice, we have seen that it can be domain shift even among real-world LiDAR pointclouds. Factors such as the sampling parameters of the LiDARs, the sensor suite configuration onboard the ego-vehicle, and the human annotation of 3D bounding boxes, do induce a domain shift. We show it through comprehensive experiments with different publicly available datasets and 3D detectors. This redirected our goal towards the design of a GAN for pointcloud-to-pointcloud translation, a relatively unexplored topic. Finally, it is worth to mention that all the synthetic datasets used for these three tasks, have been designed and generated in the context of this PhD work and will be publicly released. Overall, we think this PhD presents several steps forward to encourage leveraging synthetic data for developing deep perception models in the field of driving assistance and autonomous driving.
	Address	February 2021
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	Ediciones Graficas Rey	Place of Publication		Editor	Antonio Lopez;German Ros
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-84-122714-2-3	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS; 600.118			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ Vil2021			Serial	3599
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	Author	Zhijie Fang
	Title	Behavior understanding of vulnerable road users by 2D pose estimation			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2019	Publication	PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Anticipating the intentions of vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as pedestrians and cyclists can be critical for performing safe and comfortable driving maneuvers. This is the case for human driving and, therefore, should be taken into account by systems providing any level of driving assistance, i.e. from advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS) to fully autonomous vehicles (AVs). In this PhD work, we show how the latest advances on monocular vision-based human pose estimation, i.e. those relying on deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), enable to recognize the intentions of such VRUs. In the case of cyclists, we assume that they follow the established traffic codes to indicate future left/right turns and stop maneuvers with arm signals. In the case of pedestrians, no indications can be assumed a priori. Instead, we hypothesize that the walking pattern of a pedestrian can allow us to determine if he/she has the intention of crossing the road in the path of the egovehicle, so that the ego-vehicle must maneuver accordingly (e.g. slowing down or stopping). In this PhD work, we show how the same methodology can be used for recognizing pedestrians and cyclists’ intentions. For pedestrians, we perform experiments on the publicly available Daimler and JAAD datasets. For cyclists, we did not found an analogous dataset, therefore, we created our own one by acquiring and annotating corresponding video-sequences which we aim to share with the research community. Overall, the proposed pipeline provides new state-of-the-art results on the intention recognition of VRUs.
	Address	May 2019
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	Ediciones Graficas Rey	Place of Publication		Editor	Antonio Lopez;David Vazquez
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-84-948531-6-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS; 600.118			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ Fan2019			Serial	3388
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