Abstract: This paper presents results of Document Visual Question Answering Challenge organized as part of “Text and Documents in the Deep Learning Era” workshop, in CVPR 2020. The challenge introduces a new problem – Visual Question Answering on document images. The challenge comprised two tasks. The first task concerns with asking questions on a single document image. On the other hand, the second task is set as a retrieval task where the question is posed over a collection of images. For the task 1 a new dataset is introduced comprising 50,000 questions-answer(s) pairs defined over 12,767 document images. For task 2 another dataset has been created comprising 20 questions over 14,362 document images which share the same document template.

Abstract: International benchmarking competitions have become fundamental for the comparative performance assessment of image analysis methods. However, little attention has been given to investigating what can be learnt from these competitions. Do they really generate scientific progress? What are common and successful participation strategies? What makes a solution superior to a competing method? To address this gap in the literature, we performed a multi-center study with all 80 competitions that were conducted in the scope of IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021. Statistical analyses performed based on comprehensive descriptions of the submitted algorithms linked to their rank as well as the underlying participation strategies revealed common characteristics of winning solutions. These typically include the use of multi-task learning (63%) and/or multi-stage pipelines (61%), and a focus on augmentation (100%), image preprocessing (97%), data curation (79%), and postprocessing (66%). The “typical” lead of a winning team is a computer scientist with a doctoral degree, five years of experience in biomedical image analysis, and four years of experience in deep learning. Two core general development strategies stood out for highly-ranked teams: the reflection of the metrics in the method design and the focus on analyzing and handling failure cases. According to the organizers, 43% of the winning algorithms exceeded the state of the art but only 11% completely solved the respective domain problem. The insights of our study could help researchers (1) improve algorithm development strategies when approaching new problems, and (2) focus on open research questions revealed by this work.

Abstract: Recent advances in 3D-aware generative models (3D-aware GANs) combined with Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) have achieved impressive results. However no prior works investigate 3D-aware GANs for 3D consistent multiclass image-to-image (3D-aware 121) translation. Naively using 2D-121 translation methods suffers from unrealistic shape/identity change. To perform 3D-aware multiclass 121 translation, we decouple this learning process into a multiclass 3D-aware GAN step and a 3D-aware 121 translation step. In the first step, we propose two novel techniques: a new conditional architecture and an effective training strategy. In the second step, based on the well-trained multiclass 3D-aware GAN architecture, that preserves view-consistency, we construct a 3D-aware 121 translation system. To further reduce the view-consistency problems, we propose several new techniques, including a U-net-like adaptor network design, a hierarchical representation constrain and a relative regularization loss. In exten-sive experiments on two datasets, quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that we successfully perform 3D-aware 121 translation with multi-view consistency. Code is available in 3DI2I.

Abstract: rogress in lighting estimation is tracked by computing existing image quality assessment (IQA) metrics on images from standard datasets. While this may appear to be a reasonable approach, we demonstrate that doing so does not correlate to human preference when the estimated lighting is used to relight a virtual scene into a real photograph. To study this, we design a controlled psychophysical experiment where human observers must choose their preference amongst rendered scenes lit using a set of lighting estimation algorithms selected from the recent literature, and use it to analyse how these algorithms perform according to human perception. Then, we demonstrate that none of the most popular IQA metrics from the literature, taken individually, correctly represent human perception. Finally, we show that by learning a combination of existing IQA metrics, we can more accurately represent human preference. This provides a new perceptual framework to help evaluate future lighting estimation algorithms.

Abstract: We present a method for the automatic detection of key frames in Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) sequences. The key frames are markers delimiting morphological changes along the vessel. The aim of defining key frames is two-fold: (1) they allow to summarize the content of the pullback into few representative frames; (2) they represent the basis for the automatic detection of clinical events in IVUS. The proposed approach achieved a compression ratio of 0.016 with respect to the original sequence and an average inter-frame distance of 61.76 frame, minimizing the number of missed clinical events.

Abstract: Painting restoration which involves filling in material loss (called lacuna) is a complex process. Several standard techniques exist to tackle lacuna restoration,
and this article focuses on those techniques that employ a “neutral” colour to mask the defect. Restoration experts often disagree on the choice of such a colour and in fact, the concept of a neutral colour is controversial. We posit that a neutral colour is one that attracts relatively little visual attention for a specific lacuna. We conducted an eye tracking experiment to compare two common neutral
colour selection methods, specifically the most common local colour and the mean local colour. Results obtained demonstrate that the most common local colour triggers less visual attention in general. Notwithstanding, we have observed instances in which the most common colour triggers a significant amount of attention when subjects spent time resolving their confusion about whether or not a lacuna was part of the painting.