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Author  |
Pau Rodriguez | ||||
| Title | Towards Robust Neural Models for Fine-Grained Image Recognition | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Fine-grained recognition, i.e. identifying similar subcategories of the same superclass, is central to human activity. Recognizing a friend, finding bacteria in microscopic imagery, or discovering a new kind of galaxy, are just but few examples. However, fine-grained image recognition is still a challenging computer vision task since the differences between two images of the same category can overwhelm the differences between two images of different fine-grained categories. In this regime, where the difference between two categories resides on subtle input changes, excessively invariant CNNs discard those details that help to discriminate between categories and focus on more obvious changes, yielding poor classification performance.
On the other hand, CNNs with too much capacity tend to memorize instance-specific details, thus causing overfitting. In this thesis,motivated by the potential impact of automatic fine-grained image recognition, we tackle the previous challenges and demonstrate that proper alignment of the inputs, multiple levels of attention, regularization, and explicitmodeling of the output space, results inmore accurate fine-grained recognitionmodels, that generalize better, and are more robust to intra-class variation. Concretely, we study the different stages of the neural network pipeline: input pre-processing, attention to regions, feature activations, and the label space. In each stage, we address different issues that hinder the recognition performance on various fine-grained tasks, and devise solutions in each chapter: i)We deal with the sensitivity to input alignment on fine-grained human facial motion such as pain. ii) We introduce an attention mechanism to allow CNNs to choose and process in detail the most discriminate regions of the image. iii)We further extend attention mechanisms to act on the network activations, thus allowing them to correct their predictions by looking back at certain regions, at different levels of abstraction. iv) We propose a regularization loss to prevent high-capacity neural networks to memorize instance details by means of almost-identical feature detectors. v)We finally study the advantages of explicitly modeling the output space within the error-correcting framework. As a result, in this thesis we demonstrate that attention and regularization seem promising directions to overcome the problems of fine-grained image recognition, as well as proper treatment of the input and the output space. |
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| Address | March 2019 | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Ediciones Graficas Rey | Place of Publication | Editor | Jordi Gonzalez;Josep M. Gonfaus;Xavier Roca | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | 978-84-948531-3-5 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | ISE; 600.119 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ Rod2019 | Serial | 3258 | ||
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| Author |
Pau Riba; Sounak Dey; Ali Furkan Biten; Josep Llados | ||||
| Title | Localizing Infinity-shaped fishes: Sketch-guided object localization in the wild | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Arxiv | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
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| Abstract | This work investigates the problem of sketch-guided object localization (SGOL), where human sketches are used as queries to conduct the object localization in natural images. In this cross-modal setting, we first contribute with a tough-to-beat baseline that without any specific SGOL training is able to outperform the previous works on a fixed set of classes. The baseline is useful to analyze the performance of SGOL approaches based on available simple yet powerful methods. We advance prior arts by proposing a sketch-conditioned DETR (DEtection TRansformer) architecture which avoids a hard classification and alleviates the domain gap between sketches and images to localize object instances. Although the main goal of SGOL is focused on object detection, we explored its natural extension to sketch-guided instance segmentation. This novel task allows to move towards identifying the objects at pixel level, which is of key importance in several applications. We experimentally demonstrate that our model and its variants significantly advance over previous state-of-the-art results. All training and testing code of our model will be released to facilitate future researchhttps://github.com/priba/sgol_wild. | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | DAG; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RDB2021 | Serial | 3674 | ||
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| Author |
Pau Riba; Lutz Goldmann; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Diede Rusticus; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados | ||||
| Title | Table detection in business document images by message passing networks | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 127 | Issue | Pages | 108641 | |
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| Abstract | Tabular structures in business documents offer a complementary dimension to the raw textual data. For instance, there is information about the relationships among pieces of information. Nowadays, digital mailroom applications have become a key service for workflow automation. Therefore, the detection and interpretation of tables is crucial. With the recent advances in information extraction, table detection and recognition has gained interest in document image analysis, in particular, with the absence of rule lines and unknown information about rows and columns. However, business documents usually contain sensitive contents limiting the amount of public benchmarking datasets. In this paper, we propose a graph-based approach for detecting tables in document images which do not require the raw content of the document. Hence, the sensitive content can be previously removed and, instead of using the raw image or textual content, we propose a purely structural approach to keep sensitive data anonymous. Our framework uses graph neural networks (GNNs) to describe the local repetitive structures that constitute a table. In particular, our main application domain are business documents. We have carefully validated our approach in two invoice datasets and a modern document benchmark. Our experiments demonstrate that tables can be detected by purely structural approaches. | ||||
| Address | July 2022 | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.162; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RGR2022 | Serial | 3729 | ||
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| Author |
Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes; Anjan Dutta | ||||
| Title | Large-scale Graph Indexing using Binary Embeddings of Node Contexts | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | 10th IAPR-TC15 Workshop on Graph-based Representations in Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 9069 | Issue | Pages | 208-217 | |
| Keywords | Graph matching; Graph indexing; Application in document analysis; Word spotting; Binary embedding | ||||
| Abstract | Graph-based representations are experiencing a growing usage in visual recognition and retrieval due to their representational power in front of classical appearance-based representations in terms of feature vectors. Retrieving a query graph from a large dataset of graphs has the drawback of the high computational complexity required to compare the query and the target graphs. The most important property for a large-scale retrieval is the search time complexity to be sub-linear in the number of database examples. In this paper we propose a fast indexation formalism for graph retrieval. A binary embedding is defined as hashing keys for graph nodes. Given a database of labeled graphs, graph nodes are complemented with vectors of attributes representing their local context. Hence, each attribute counts the length of a walk of order k originated in a vertex with label l. Each attribute vector is converted to a binary code applying a binary-valued hash function. Therefore, graph retrieval is formulated in terms of finding target graphs in the database whose nodes have a small Hamming distance from the query nodes, easily computed with bitwise logical operators. As an application example, we validate the performance of the proposed methods in a handwritten word spotting scenario in images of historical documents. | ||||
| Address | Beijing; China; May 2015 | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Springer International Publishing | Place of Publication | Editor | C.-L.Liu; B.Luo; W.G.Kropatsch; J.Cheng | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | LNCS | ||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0302-9743 | ISBN | 978-3-319-18223-0 | Medium | |
| Area | Expedition | Conference | GbRPR | ||
| Notes | DAG; 600.061; 602.006; 600.077 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RLF2015a | Serial | 2618 | ||
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| Author |
Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes; Anjan Dutta | ||||
| Title | Large-scale graph indexing using binary embeddings of node contexts for information spotting in document image databases | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Pattern Recognition Letters | Abbreviated Journal | PRL |
| Volume | 87 | Issue | Pages | 203-211 | |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | Graph-based representations are experiencing a growing usage in visual recognition and retrieval due to their representational power in front of classical appearance-based representations. However, retrieving a query graph from a large dataset of graphs implies a high computational complexity. The most important property for a large-scale retrieval is the search time complexity to be sub-linear in the number of database examples. With this aim, in this paper we propose a graph indexation formalism applied to visual retrieval. A binary embedding is defined as hashing keys for graph nodes. Given a database of labeled graphs, graph nodes are complemented with vectors of attributes representing their local context. Then, each attribute vector is converted to a binary code applying a binary-valued hash function. Therefore, graph retrieval is formulated in terms of finding target graphs in the database whose nodes have a small Hamming distance from the query nodes, easily computed with bitwise logical operators. As an application example, we validate the performance of the proposed methods in different real scenarios such as handwritten word spotting in images of historical documents or symbol spotting in architectural floor plans. | ||||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.097; 602.006; 603.053; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | RLF2017b | Serial | 2873 | ||
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| Author |
Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes | ||||
| Title | Handwritten Word Spotting by Inexact Matching of Grapheme Graphs | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition ICDAR2015 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 781 - 785 | ||
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| Abstract | This paper presents a graph-based word spotting for handwritten documents. Contrary to most word spotting techniques, which use statistical representations, we propose a structural representation suitable to be robust to the inherent deformations of handwriting. Attributed graphs are constructed using a part-based approach. Graphemes extracted from shape convexities are used as stable units of handwriting, and are associated to graph nodes. Then, spatial relations between them determine graph edges. Spotting is defined in terms of an error-tolerant graph matching using bipartite-graph matching algorithm. To make the method usable in large datasets, a graph indexing approach that makes use of binary embeddings is used as preprocessing. Historical documents are used as experimental framework. The approach is comparable to statistical ones in terms of time and memory requirements, especially when dealing with large document collections. | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | ICDAR | ||
| Notes | DAG; 600.077; 600.061; 602.006 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RLF2015b | Serial | 2642 | ||
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| Author |
Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes | ||||
| Title | Error-tolerant coarse-to-fine matching model for hierarchical graphs | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | 11th IAPR-TC-15 International Workshop on Graph-Based Representations in Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 10310 | Issue | Pages | 107-117 | |
| Keywords | Graph matching; Hierarchical graph; Graph-based representation; Coarse-to-fine matching | ||||
| Abstract | Graph-based representations are effective tools to capture structural information from visual elements. However, retrieving a query graph from a large database of graphs implies a high computational complexity. Moreover, these representations are very sensitive to noise or small changes. In this work, a novel hierarchical graph representation is designed. Using graph clustering techniques adapted from graph-based social media analysis, we propose to generate a hierarchy able to deal with different levels of abstraction while keeping information about the topology. For the proposed representations, a coarse-to-fine matching method is defined. These approaches are validated using real scenarios such as classification of colour images and handwritten word spotting. | ||||
| Address | Anacapri; Italy; May 2017 | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Springer International Publishing | Place of Publication | Editor | Pasquale Foggia; Cheng-Lin Liu; Mario Vento | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | GbRPR | ||
| Notes | DAG; 600.097; 601.302; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RLF2017a | Serial | 2951 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author |
Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes | ||||
| Title | Hierarchical graphs for coarse-to-fine error tolerant matching | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Pattern Recognition Letters | Abbreviated Journal | PRL |
| Volume | 134 | Issue | Pages | 116-124 | |
| Keywords | Hierarchical graph representation; Coarse-to-fine graph matching; Graph-based retrieval | ||||
| Abstract | During the last years, graph-based representations are experiencing a growing usage in visual recognition and retrieval due to their ability to capture both structural and appearance-based information. Thus, they provide a greater representational power than classical statistical frameworks. However, graph-based representations leads to high computational complexities usually dealt by graph embeddings or approximated matching techniques. Despite their representational power, they are very sensitive to noise and small variations of the input image. With the aim to cope with the time complexity and the variability present in the generated graphs, in this paper we propose to construct a novel hierarchical graph representation. Graph clustering techniques adapted from social media analysis have been used in order to contract a graph at different abstraction levels while keeping information about the topology. Abstract nodes attributes summarise information about the contracted graph partition. For the proposed representations, a coarse-to-fine matching technique is defined. Hence, small graphs are used as a filtering before more accurate matching methods are applied. This approach has been validated in real scenarios such as classification of colour images or retrieval of handwritten words (i.e. word spotting). | ||||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.097; 601.302; 603.057; 600.140; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RLF2020 | Serial | 3349 | ||
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| Author |
Pau Riba; Jon Almazan; Alicia Fornes; David Fernandez; Ernest Valveny; Josep Llados | ||||
| Title | e-Crowds: a mobile platform for browsing and searching in historical demographyrelated manuscripts | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | 14th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 228 - 233 | ||
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| Abstract | This paper presents a prototype system running on portable devices for browsing and word searching through historical handwritten document collections. The platform adapts the paradigm of eBook reading, where the narrative is not necessarily sequential, but centered on the user actions. The novelty is to replace digitally born books by digitized historical manuscripts of marriage licenses, so document analysis tasks are required in the browser. With an active reading paradigm, the user can cast queries of people names, so he/she can implicitly follow genealogical links. In addition, the system allows combined searches: the user can refine a search by adding more words to search. As a second contribution, the retrieval functionality involves as a core technology a word spotting module with an unified approach, which allows combined query searches, and also two input modalities: query-by-example, and query-by-string. | ||||
| Address | Creete Island; Grecia; September 2014 | ||||
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| ISSN | 2167-6445 | ISBN | 978-1-4799-4335-7 | Medium | |
| Area | Expedition | Conference | ICFHR | ||
| Notes | DAG; 600.056; 600.045; 600.061; 602.006; 600.077 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RAF2014 | Serial | 2463 | ||
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| Author |
Pau Riba; Anjan Dutta; Lutz Goldmann; Alicia Fornes; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Josep Llados | ||||
| Title | Table Detection in Invoice Documents by Graph Neural Networks | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | 15th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 122-127 | ||
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| Abstract | Tabular structures in documents offer a complementary dimension to the raw textual data, representing logical or quantitative relationships among pieces of information. In digital mail room applications, where a large amount of
administrative documents must be processed with reasonable accuracy, the detection and interpretation of tables is crucial. Table recognition has gained interest in document image analysis, in particular in unconstrained formats (absence of rule lines, unknown information of rows and columns). In this work, we propose a graph-based approach for detecting tables in document images. Instead of using the raw content (recognized text), we make use of the location, context and content type, thus it is purely a structure perception approach, not dependent on the language and the quality of the text reading. Our framework makes use of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in order to describe the local repetitive structural information of tables in invoice documents. Our proposed model has been experimentally validated in two invoice datasets and achieved encouraging results. Additionally, due to the scarcity of benchmark datasets for this task, we have contributed to the community a novel dataset derived from the RVL-CDIP invoice data. It will be publicly released to facilitate future research. |
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| Address | Sydney; Australia; September 2019 | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | ICDAR | ||
| Notes | DAG; 600.140; 601.302; 602.167; 600.121; 600.141 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RDG2019 | Serial | 3355 | ||
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| Author |
Pau Riba; Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes; Sounak Dey | ||||
| Title | Improving Information Retrieval in Multiwriter Scenario by Exploiting the Similarity Graph of Document Terms | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | 14th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 475-480 | ||
| Keywords | document terms; information retrieval; affinity graph; graph of document terms; multiwriter; graph diffusion | ||||
| Abstract | Information Retrieval (IR) is the activity of obtaining information resources relevant to a questioned information. It usually retrieves a set of objects ranked according to the relevancy to the needed fact. In document analysis, information retrieval receives a lot of attention in terms of symbol and word spotting. However, through decades the community mostly focused either on printed or on single writer scenario, where the
state-of-the-art results have achieved reasonable performance on the available datasets. Nevertheless, the existing algorithms do not perform accordingly on multiwriter scenario. A graph representing relations between a set of objects is a structure where each node delineates an individual element and the similarity between them is represented as a weight on the connecting edge. In this paper, we explore different analytics of graphs constructed from words or graphical symbols, such as diffusion, shortest path, etc. to improve the performance of information retrieval methods in multiwriter scenario |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | ICDAR | ||
| Notes | DAG; 600.097; 601.302; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RDL2017a | Serial | 3053 | ||
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| Author |
Pau Riba; Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes | ||||
| Title | Graph-based deep learning for graphics classification | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | 12th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 29-30 | ||
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| Abstract | Graph-based representations are a common way to deal with graphics recognition problems. However, previous works were mainly focused on developing learning-free techniques. The success of deep learning frameworks have proved that learning is a powerful tool to solve many problems, however it is not straightforward to extend these methodologies to non euclidean data such as graphs. On the other hand, graphs are a good representational structure for graphical entities. In this work, we present some deep learning techniques that have been proposed in the literature for graph-based representations and
we show how they can be used in graphics recognition problems |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | GREC | ||
| Notes | DAG; 600.097; 601.302; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RDL2017b | Serial | 3058 | ||
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| Author |
Pau Riba; Andreas Fischer; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes | ||||
| Title | Learning Graph Distances with Message Passing Neural Networks | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 2239-2244 | ||
| Keywords | ★Best Paper Award★ | ||||
| Abstract | Graph representations have been widely used in pattern recognition thanks to their powerful representation formalism and rich theoretical background. A number of error-tolerant graph matching algorithms such as graph edit distance have been proposed for computing a distance between two labelled graphs. However, they typically suffer from a high
computational complexity, which makes it difficult to apply these matching algorithms in a real scenario. In this paper, we propose an efficient graph distance based on the emerging field of geometric deep learning. Our method employs a message passing neural network to capture the graph structure and learns a metric with a siamese network approach. The performance of the proposed graph distance is validated in two application cases, graph classification and graph retrieval of handwritten words, and shows a promising performance when compared with (approximate) graph edit distance benchmarks. |
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| Address | Beijing; China; August 2018 | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | ICPR | ||
| Notes | DAG; 600.097; 603.057; 601.302; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RFL2018 | Serial | 3168 | ||
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| Author |
Pau Riba; Andreas Fischer; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes | ||||
| Title | Learning Graph Edit Distance by Graph NeuralNetworks | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Arxiv | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | The emergence of geometric deep learning as a novel framework to deal with graph-based representations has faded away traditional approaches in favor of completely new methodologies. In this paper, we propose a new framework able to combine the advances on deep metric learning with traditional approximations of the graph edit distance. Hence, we propose an efficient graph distance based on the novel field of geometric deep learning. Our method employs a message passing neural network to capture the graph structure, and thus, leveraging this information for its use on a distance computation. The performance of the proposed graph distance is validated on two different scenarios. On the one hand, in a graph retrieval of handwritten words~\ie~keyword spotting, showing its superior performance when compared with (approximate) graph edit distance benchmarks. On the other hand, demonstrating competitive results for graph similarity learning when compared with the current state-of-the-art on a recent benchmark dataset. | ||||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.121; 600.140; 601.302 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RFL2020 | Serial | 3555 | ||
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| Author |
Pau Riba; Andreas Fischer; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes | ||||
| Title | Learning graph edit distance by graph neural networks | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 120 | Issue | Pages | 108132 | |
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| Abstract | The emergence of geometric deep learning as a novel framework to deal with graph-based representations has faded away traditional approaches in favor of completely new methodologies. In this paper, we propose a new framework able to combine the advances on deep metric learning with traditional approximations of the graph edit distance. Hence, we propose an efficient graph distance based on the novel field of geometric deep learning. Our method employs a message passing neural network to capture the graph structure, and thus, leveraging this information for its use on a distance computation. The performance of the proposed graph distance is validated on two different scenarios. On the one hand, in a graph retrieval of handwritten words i.e. keyword spotting, showing its superior performance when compared with (approximate) graph edit distance benchmarks. On the other hand, demonstrating competitive results for graph similarity learning when compared with the current state-of-the-art on a recent benchmark dataset. | ||||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.140; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RFL2021 | Serial | 3611 | ||
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