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Fadi Dornaika, & Bogdan Raducanu. (2013). Out-of-Sample Embedding for Manifold Learning Applied to Face Recognition. In IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures (pp. 862–868).
Abstract: Manifold learning techniques are affected by two critical aspects: (i) the design of the adjacency graphs, and (ii) the embedding of new test data---the out-of-sample problem. For the first aspect, the proposed schemes were heuristically driven. For the second aspect, the difficulty resides in finding an accurate mapping that transfers unseen data samples into an existing manifold. Past works addressing these two aspects were heavily parametric in the sense that the optimal performance is only reached for a suitable parameter choice that should be known in advance. In this paper, we demonstrate that sparse coding theory not only serves for automatic graph reconstruction as shown in recent works, but also represents an accurate alternative for out-of-sample embedding. Considering for a case study the Laplacian Eigenmaps, we applied our method to the face recognition problem. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed out-of-sample embedding, experiments are conducted using the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Kernel Support Vector Machines (KSVM) classifiers on four public face databases. The experimental results show that the proposed model is able to achieve high categorization effectiveness as well as high consistency with non-linear embeddings/manifolds obtained in batch modes.
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Fadi Dornaika, & Bogdan Raducanu. (2012). Analysis and Recognition of Facial Expressions in Videos Using Facial Shape Deformation. In S.E. Carter (Ed.), Facial Expressions: Dynamic Patterns, Impairments and Social Perceptions (pp. 157–178). NOVA Publishers.
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2005). SFM for Planar Scenes: a Direct and Robust Approach.
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2005). Appearance-based 3D Face Tracker: An Evaluation Study.
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2006). Improving Appearance-Based 3D Face Tracking Using Sparse Stereo Data.
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2006). 3D Face Tracking using Appearance Registration and Robust Iterative Closest Point Algorithm. In 21st International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences (ISCIS´06), LNCS 4263: 532–541.
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2006). Rigid and Non-Rigid Face Motion Tracking by Aligning Texture Maps and Stereo-Based 3D Models. In 8th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems (ACIVS´06), LNCS 4179: 675–684.
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2006). 3D Motion from Image Derivatives using the Least Trimmed Square Regression. In International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Pattern Analysis/Synthesis (IWICPAS´06), LNCS 4153: 76–84.
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2007). Real-time Vehicle Ego-Motion using Stereo Pairs and Particle Filters. In Int. Conf. on Image Analysis and Recognition, (Vol. 4633, 469–480). LNCS.
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2007). SFM for Planar Scenes: a Direct and Robust Approach. In book chapter: Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics II, Ed. J. Filipe, J. Ferrier, J. Cetto and M. Carvalho, pp. 129–136. (best papers ICINCO 2005).
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2007). Rigid and Non-rigid Face Motion Tracking by Aligning Texture Maps and Stereo 3D Models. PRL - Pattern Recognition Letters, 28(15), 2116–2126.
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2008). Real Time on Board Stereo Camera Pose through Image Registration. In IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, (804–809).
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2008). Evaluation of an Appearance-based 3D Face Tracker using Dense 3D Data. Machine Vision and Applications, 427–441.
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2007). Improving Appearance-Based 3D Face Tracking Using Sparse Stereo Data. In H. Araujo and J. Jorge A. R. J. Braz (Ed.), Advances in Computer Graphics and Computer Vision, (354–366). Springer Verlag.
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2008). Real Time Image Registration for Planar Structure and 3D Sensor Pose Estimation. In Asim Bhatti (Ed.), Stereo Vision (Vol. 18, 299–316).
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