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Author  |
Joan Marc Llargues Asensio; Juan Peralta; Raul Arrabales; Manuel Gonzalez Bedia; Paulo Cortez; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Artificial Intelligence Approaches for the Generation and Assessment of Believable Human-Like Behaviour in Virtual Characters |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Expert Systems With Applications |
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EXSY |
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41 |
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16 |
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7281–7290 |
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Turing test; Human-like behaviour; Believability; Non-player characters; Cognitive architectures; Genetic algorithm; Artificial neural networks |
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Having artificial agents to autonomously produce human-like behaviour is one of the most ambitious original goals of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and remains an open problem nowadays. The imitation game originally proposed by Turing constitute a very effective method to prove the indistinguishability of an artificial agent. The behaviour of an agent is said to be indistinguishable from that of a human when observers (the so-called judges in the Turing test) cannot tell apart humans and non-human agents. Different environments, testing protocols, scopes and problem domains can be established to develop limited versions or variants of the original Turing test. In this paper we use a specific version of the Turing test, based on the international BotPrize competition, built in a First-Person Shooter video game, where both human players and non-player characters interact in complex virtual environments. Based on our past experience both in the BotPrize competition and other robotics and computer game AI applications we have developed three new more advanced controllers for believable agents: two based on a combination of the CERA–CRANIUM and SOAR cognitive architectures and other based on ADANN, a system for the automatic evolution and adaptation of artificial neural networks. These two new agents have been put to the test jointly with CCBot3, the winner of BotPrize 2010 competition (Arrabales et al., 2012), and have showed a significant improvement in the humanness ratio. Additionally, we have confronted all these bots to both First-person believability assessment (BotPrize original judging protocol) and Third-person believability assessment, demonstrating that the active involvement of the judge has a great impact in the recognition of human-like behaviour. |
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ADAS; 600.055; 600.057; 600.076 |
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Admin @ si @ LPA2014 |
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2500 |
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Joan Marti; Jose Miguel Benedi; Ana Maria Mendonça; Joan Serrat |
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Title |
Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis |
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2007 |
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3rd Iberian Conference |
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6669 |
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4477-4478 |
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Girona (Spain) |
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ADAS @ adas @ MBM2007 |
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994 |
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Joan Mas |
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Title |
Syntactic approaches to recognize bi-dimensional shapes in graphics recognition. Application to sketching interfaces |
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2005 |
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CVC Technical Report #86 |
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DAG @ dag @ Mas2005a |
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573 |
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Joan Mas |
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Title |
A Syntactic Pattern Recognition Approach based on a Distribution Tolerant Adjacency Grammar and a Spatial Indexed Parser. Application to Sketched Document Recognition |
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2010 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Sketch recognition is a discipline which has gained an increasing interest in the last
20 years. This is due to the appearance of new devices such as PDA, Tablet PC’s
or digital pen & paper protocols. From the wide range of sketched documents we
focus on those that represent structured documents such as: architectural floor-plans,
engineering drawing, UML diagrams, etc. To recognize and understand these kinds
of documents, first we have to recognize the different compounding symbols and then
we have to identify the relations between these elements. From the way that a sketch
is captured, there are two categories: on-line and off-line. On-line input modes refer
to draw directly on a PDA or a Tablet PC’s while off-line input modes refer to scan
a previously drawn sketch.
This thesis is an overlapping of three different areas on Computer Science: Pattern
Recognition, Document Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction. The aim of this
thesis is to interpret sketched documents independently on whether they are captured
on-line or off-line. For this reason, the proposed approach should contain the following
features. First, as we are working with sketches the elements present in our input
contain distortions. Second, as we would work in on-line or off-line input modes, the
order in the input of the primitives is indifferent. Finally, the proposed method should
be applied in real scenarios, its response time must be slow.
To interpret a sketched document we propose a syntactic approach. A syntactic
approach is composed of two correlated components: a grammar and a parser. The
grammar allows describing the different elements on the document as well as their
relations. The parser, given a document checks whether it belongs to the language
generated by the grammar or not. Thus, the grammar should be able to cope with
the distortions appearing on the instances of the elements. Moreover, it would be
necessary to define a symbol independently of the order of their primitives. Concerning to the parser when analyzing 2D sentences, it does not assume an order in the
primitives. Then, at each new primitive in the input, the parser searches among the
previous analyzed symbols candidates to produce a valid reduction.
Taking into account these features, we have proposed a grammar based on Adjacency Grammars. This kind of grammars defines their productions as a multiset
of symbols rather than a list. This allows describing a symbol without an order in
their components. To cope with distortion we have proposed a distortion model.
This distortion model is an attributed estimated over the constraints of the grammar and passed through the productions. This measure gives an idea on how far is the
symbol from its ideal model. In addition to the distortion on the constraints other
distortions appear when working with sketches. These distortions are: overtracing,
overlapping, gaps or spurious strokes. Some grammatical productions have been defined to cope with these errors. Concerning the recognition, we have proposed an
incremental parser with an indexation mechanism. Incremental parsers analyze the
input symbol by symbol given a response to the user when a primitive is analyzed.
This makes incremental parser suitable to work in on-line as well as off-line input
modes. The parser has been adapted with an indexation mechanism based on a spatial division. This indexation mechanism allows setting the primitives in the space
and reducing the search to a neighbourhood.
A third contribution is a grammatical inference algorithm. This method given a
set of symbols captures the production describing it. In the field of formal languages,
different approaches has been proposed but in the graphical domain not so much work
is done in this field. The proposed method is able to capture the production from
a set of symbol although they are drawn in different order. A matching step based
on the Haussdorff distance and the Hungarian method has been proposed to match
the primitives of the different symbols. In addition the proposed approach is able to
capture the variability in the parameters of the constraints.
From the experimental results, we may conclude that we have proposed a robust
approach to describe and recognize sketches. Moreover, the addition of new symbols
to the alphabet is not restricted to an expert. Finally, the proposed approach has
been used in two real scenarios obtaining a good performance. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Editor |
Gemma Sanchez;Josep Llados |
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978-84-937261-4-0 |
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DAG |
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DAG @ dag @ Mas2010 |
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1334 |
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Author |
Joan Mas; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados |
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Title |
An Interactive Transcription System of Census Records using Word-Spotting based Information Transfer |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
12th IAPR Workshop on Document Analysis Systems |
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54-59 |
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This paper presents a system to assist in the transcription of historical handwritten census records in a crowdsourcing platform. Census records have a tabular structured layout. They consist in a sequence of rows with information of homes ordered by street address. For each household snippet in the page, the list of family members is reported. The censuses are recorded in intervals of a few years and the information of individuals in each household is quite stable from a point in time to the next one. This redundancy is used to assist the transcriber, so the redundant information is transferred from the census already transcribed to the next one. Household records are aligned from one year to the next one using the knowledge of the ordering by street address. Given an already transcribed census, a query by string word spotting is applied. Thus, names from the census in time t are used as queries in the corresponding home record in time t+1. Since the search is constrained, the obtained precision-recall values are very high, with an important reduction in the transcription time. The proposed system has been tested in a real citizen-science experience where non expert users transcribe the census data of their home town. |
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Santorini; Greece; April 2016 |
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DAG; 603.053; 602.006; 600.061; 600.077; 600.097 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ MFL2016 |
Serial |
2751 |
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Author |
Joan Mas; B. Lamiroy; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Automatic Adjacency Grammar Generation from User Drawn Sketches |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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2006 |
Publication |
18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR´06), 2: 1026–1029 |
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Hong Kong |
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DAG @ dag @ MLS2006a |
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709 |
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Author |
Joan Mas; B. Lamiroy; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Automatic Learning of Symbol Descriptions Avoiding Topological Ambiguities |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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2006 |
Publication |
3rd Eurographics Workshop on Sketch Based Interfaces and Modeling (SBIM´06), 27–34 |
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Vienna (Austria) |
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DAG @ dag @ MLS2006b |
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710 |
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Joan Mas; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
An Adjacency Grammar to Recognize Symbols and Gestures in a Digital Pen Framework |
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2005 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (IbPRIA 2005), LNCS 3523: 115–122 |
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Estoril (Portugal) |
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DAG @ dag @ MSL2005a |
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558 |
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Joan Mas; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
An Incremental Parser to Recognize Diagram Symbols and Gestures represented by Adjacency Grammars |
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Miscellaneous |
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2005 |
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Sixth IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (GREC 2005), 229–237 |
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Hong Kong (China) |
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DAG @ dag @ MSL2005b |
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611 |
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Joan Mas; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
An Incremental Parser to Recognize Diagram Symbols and Gestures represented by Adjacency Grammars |
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2006 |
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Graphics Recognition: Ten Years Review and Future Perspectives, W. Liu, J. Llados (Eds.), LNCS 3926: 252–263 |
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DAG @ dag @ MSL2006a |
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711 |
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Joan Mas; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
SSP: Sketching slide Presentations, a Syntactic Approach |
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Conference Article |
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2009 |
Publication |
8th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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The design of a slide presentation is a creative process. In this process first, humans visualize in their minds what they want to explain. Then, they have to be able to represent this knowledge in an understandable way. There exists a lot of commercial software that allows to create our own slide presentations but the creativity of the user is rather limited. In this article we present an application that allows the user to create and visualize a slide presentation from a sketch. A slide may be seen as a graphical document or a diagram where its elements are placed in a particular spatial arrangement. To describe and recognize slides a syntactic approach is proposed. This approach is based on an Adjacency Grammar and a parsing methodology to cope with this kind of grammars. The experimental evaluation shows the performance of our methodology from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. Six different slides containing different number of symbols, from 4 to 7, have been given to the users and they have drawn them without restrictions in the order of the elements. The quantitative results give an idea on how suitable is our methodology to describe and recognize the different elements in a slide. |
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La Rochelle; France; July 2009 |
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GREC |
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DAG @ dag @ MSL2009a |
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1441 |
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Author |
Joan Mas; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
SSP: Sketching slide Presentations, a Syntactic Approach |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Graphics Recognition. Achievements, Challenges, and Evolution. 8th International Workshop, GREC 2009. Selected Papers |
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6020 |
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118-129 |
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Abstract |
The design of a slide presentation is a creative process. In this process first, humans visualize in their minds what they want to explain. Then, they have to be able to represent this knowledge in an understandable way. There exists a lot of commercial software that allows to create our own slide presentations but the creativity of the user is rather limited. In this article we present an application that allows the user to create and visualize a slide presentation from a sketch. A slide may be seen as a graphical document or a diagram where its elements are placed in a particular spatial arrangement. To describe and recognize slides a syntactic approach is proposed. This approach is based on an Adjacency Grammar and a parsing methodology to cope with this kind of grammars. The experimental evaluation shows the performance of our methodology from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. Six different slides containing different number of symbols, from 4 to 7, have been given to the users and they have drawn them without restrictions in the order of the elements. The quantitative results give an idea on how suitable is our methodology to describe and recognize the different elements in a slide. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-642-13727-3 |
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GREC |
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DAG |
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MSL2010 |
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2405 |
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Author |
Joan Mas; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados; B. Lamiroy |
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Title |
An Incremental On-line Parsing Algorithm for Recognizing Sketching Diagrams |
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Conference Article |
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2007 |
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9th IEEE International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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1 |
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452–456 |
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Curitiba (Brazil) |
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DAG |
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Call Number |
DAG @ dag @ MSL2007a |
Serial |
847 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Joan Mas; J.A. Jorge; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Describing and Parising Hand-Drawn Sketches using a Syntactic Approach |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Seventh IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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61–62 |
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Curitiba (Brasil) |
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Editor |
J. Llados, W. Liu, J.M. Ogier |
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GREC |
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DAG |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
DAG @ dag @ MJS2007 |
Serial |
845 |
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Author |
Joan Mas; J.A. Jorge; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Representing and Parsing Sketched Symbols using Adjacency Grammars and a Grid-Directed Parser |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Graphics Recognition: Recent Advances and New Opportunities, |
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Volume |
5046 |
Issue |
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Pages |
176–187 |
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W. Liu, J. Llados, J.M. Ogier |
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DAG |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
DAG @ dag @ MJS2008 |
Serial |
991 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
