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Author |
Josep Llados; Daniel Lopresti; Seiichi Uchida (eds) |
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Title |
16th International Conference, 2021, Proceedings, Part III |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2021 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12823 |
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Abstract |
This four-volume set of LNCS 12821, LNCS 12822, LNCS 12823 and LNCS 12824, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 2021, held in Lausanne, Switzerland in September 2021. The 182 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 340 submissions, and are presented with 13 competition reports.
The papers are organized into the following topical sections: document analysis for literature search, document summarization and translation, multimedia document analysis, mobile text recognition, document analysis for social good, indexing and retrieval of documents, physical and logical layout analysis, recognition of tables and formulas, and natural language processing (NLP) for document understanding. |
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Lausanne, Switzerland, September 5-10, 2021 |
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Springer Cham |
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Editor |
Josep Llados; Daniel Lopresti; Seiichi Uchida |
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LNCS |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
978-3-030-86333-3 |
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Conference |
ICDAR |
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Notes |
DAG |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ |
Serial |
3727 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Josep Llados; Daniel Lopresti; Seiichi Uchida (eds) |
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Title |
16th International Conference, 2021, Proceedings, Part IV |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2021 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12824 |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
This four-volume set of LNCS 12821, LNCS 12822, LNCS 12823 and LNCS 12824, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 2021, held in Lausanne, Switzerland in September 2021. The 182 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 340 submissions, and are presented with 13 competition reports.
The papers are organized into the following topical sections: document analysis for literature search, document summarization and translation, multimedia document analysis, mobile text recognition, document analysis for social good, indexing and retrieval of documents, physical and logical layout analysis, recognition of tables and formulas, and natural language processing (NLP) for document understanding. |
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Lausanne, Switzerland, September 5-10, 2021 |
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Publisher |
Springer Cham |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Josep Llados; Daniel Lopresti; Seiichi Uchida |
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LNCS |
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ISBN |
978-3-030-86336-4 |
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Conference |
ICDAR |
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Notes |
DAG |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ |
Serial |
3728 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Josep Llados; Daniel Lopresti; Seiichi Uchida (eds) |
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Title |
16th International Conference, 2021, Proceedings, Part I |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2021 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12821 |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
This four-volume set of LNCS 12821, LNCS 12822, LNCS 12823 and LNCS 12824, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 2021, held in Lausanne, Switzerland in September 2021. The 182 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 340 submissions, and are presented with 13 competition reports.
The papers are organized into the following topical sections: historical document analysis, document analysis systems, handwriting recognition, scene text detection and recognition, document image processing, natural language processing (NLP) for document understanding, and graphics, diagram and math recognition. |
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Address |
Lausanne, Switzerland, September 5-10, 2021 |
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Publisher |
Springer Cham |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Josep Llados; Daniel Lopresti; Seiichi Uchida |
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LNCS |
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ISBN |
978-3-030-86548-1 |
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Conference |
ICDAR |
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Notes |
DAG |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ |
Serial |
3725 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Josep Llados; Daniel Lopresti; Seiichi Uchida (eds) |
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Title |
16th International Conference, 2021, Proceedings, Part II |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2021 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12822 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
This four-volume set of LNCS 12821, LNCS 12822, LNCS 12823 and LNCS 12824, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 2021, held in Lausanne, Switzerland in September 2021. The 182 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 340 submissions, and are presented with 13 competition reports.
The papers are organized into the following topical sections: document analysis for literature search, document summarization and translation, multimedia document analysis, mobile text recognition, document analysis for social good, indexing and retrieval of documents, physical and logical layout analysis, recognition of tables and formulas, and natural language processing (NLP) for document understanding. |
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Address |
Lausanne, Switzerland, September 5-10, 2021 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Springer Cham |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Josep Llados; Daniel Lopresti; Seiichi Uchida |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
LNCS |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
978-3-030-86330-2 |
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Conference |
ICDAR |
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Notes |
DAG |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ |
Serial |
3726 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jordi Vitria; Joao Sanchez; Miguel Raposo; Mario Hernandez |
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Title |
Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
5th Iberian Conference Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6669 |
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Address |
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Spain |
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Publisher |
Springer-Verlag |
Place of Publication |
Berlin |
Editor |
J. Vitrià; J. Sanchez; M. Raposo; M. Hernandez |
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ISBN |
978-3-642-2125 |
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Conference |
IbPRIA |
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Notes |
OR;MV |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ VSR2011 |
Serial |
1730 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jean-Marc Ogier; Wenyin Liu; Josep Llados (eds) |
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Title |
Graphics Recognition: Achievements, Challenges, and Evolution |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
8th International Workshop GREC 2009. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6020 |
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Abstract |
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Address |
La Rochelle |
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Publisher |
Springer Link |
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Editor |
Jean-Marc Ogier; Wenyin Liu; Josep Llados |
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Series Title |
Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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LNCS |
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ISBN |
978-3-642-13727-3 |
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Conference |
GREC |
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Notes |
DAG |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ OLL2010 |
Serial |
1976 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Victor Ponce |
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Title |
Evolutionary Bags of Space-Time Features for Human Analysis |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis Universitat de Barcelona, UOC and CVC |
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Keywords |
Computer algorithms; Digital image processing; Digital video; Analysis of variance; Dynamic programming; Evolutionary computation; Gesture |
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Abstract |
The representation (or feature) learning has been an emerging concept in the last years, since it collects a set of techniques that are present in any theoretical or practical methodology referring to artificial intelligence. In computer vision, a very common representation has adopted the form of the well-known Bag of Visual Words. This representation appears implicitly in most approaches where images are described, and is also present in a huge number of areas and domains: image content retrieval, pedestrian detection, human-computer interaction, surveillance, e-health, and social computing, amongst others. The early stages of this dissertation provide an approach for learning visual representations inside evolutionary algorithms, which consists of evolving weighting schemes to improve the BoVW representations for the task of recognizing categories of videos and images. Thus, we demonstrate the applicability of the most common weighting schemes, which are often used in text mining but are less frequently found in computer vision tasks. Beyond learning these visual representations, we provide an approach based on fusion strategies for learning spatiotemporal representations, from multimodal data obtained by depth sensors. Besides, we specially aim at the evolutionary and dynamic modelling, where the temporal factor is present in the nature of the data, such as video sequences of gestures and actions. Indeed, we explore the effects of probabilistic modelling for those approaches based on dynamic programming, so as to handle the temporal deformation and variance amongst video sequences of different categories. Finally, we integrate dynamic programming and generative models into an evolutionary computation framework, with the aim of learning Bags of SubGestures (BoSG) representations and hence to improve the generalization capability of standard gesture recognition approaches. The results obtained in the experimentation demonstrate, first, that evolutionary algorithms are useful for improving the representation of BoVW approaches in several datasets for recognizing categories in still images and video sequences. On the other hand, our experimentation reveals that both, the use of dynamic programming and generative models to align video sequences, and the representations obtained from applying fusion strategies in multimodal data, entail an enhancement on the performance when recognizing some gesture categories. Furthermore, the combination of evolutionary algorithms with models based on dynamic programming and generative approaches results, when aiming at the classification of video categories on large video datasets, in a considerable improvement over standard gesture and action recognition approaches. Finally, we demonstrate the applications of these representations in several domains for human analysis: classification of images where humans may be present, action and gesture recognition for general applications, and in particular for conversational settings within the field of restorative justice |
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Address |
June 2016 |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Sergio Escalera;Xavier Baro;Hugo Jair Escalante |
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Notes |
HuPBA |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Pon2016 |
Serial |
2814 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Kai Wang |
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Title |
Continual learning for hierarchical classification, few-shot recognition, and multi-modal learning |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Abstract |
Deep learning has drastically changed computer vision in the past decades and achieved great success in many applications, such as image classification, retrieval, detection, and segmentation thanks to the emergence of neural networks. Typically, for most applications, these networks are presented with examples from all tasks they are expected to perform. However, for many applications, this is not a realistic
scenario, and an algorithm is required to learn tasks sequentially. Continual learning proposes theory and methods for this scenario.
The main challenge for continual learning systems is called catastrophic forgetting and refers to a significant drop in performance on previous tasks. To tackle this problem, three main branches of methods have been explored to alleviate the forgetting in continual learning. They are regularization-based methods, rehearsalbased methods, and parameter isolation-based methods. However, most of them are focused on image classification tasks. Continual learning of many computer vision fields has still not been well-explored. Thus, in this thesis, we extend the continual learning knowledge to meta learning, we propose a method for the incremental learning of hierarchical relations for image classification, we explore image recognition in online continual learning, and study continual learning for cross-modal learning.
In this thesis, we explore the usage of image rehearsal when addressing the incremental meta learning problem. Observing that existingmethods fail to improve performance with saved exemplars, we propose to mix exemplars with current task data and episode-level distillation to overcome forgetting in incremental meta learning. Next, we study a more realistic image classification scenario where each class has multiple granularity levels. Only one label is present at any time, which requires the model to infer if the provided label has a hierarchical relation with any already known label. In experiments, we show that the estimated hierarchy information can be beneficial in both the training and inference stage.
For the online continual learning setting, we investigate the usage of intermediate feature replay. In this case, the training samples are only observed by the model only one time. Here we fix thememory buffer for feature replay and compare the effectiveness of saving features from different layers. Finally, we investigate multi-modal continual learning, where an image encoder is cooperating with a semantic branch. We consider the continual learning of both zero-shot learning and cross-modal retrieval problems. |
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Address |
July, 2022 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Luis Herranz;Joost Van de Weijer |
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ISBN |
978-84-124793-2-4 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
LAMP |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Wan2022 |
Serial |
3714 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Idoia Ruiz |
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Title |
Deep Metric Learning for re-identification, tracking and hierarchical novelty detection |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Abstract |
Metric learning refers to the problem in machine learning of learning a distance or similarity measurement to compare data. In particular, deep metric learning involves learning a representation, also referred to as embedding, such that in the embedding space data samples can be compared based on the distance, directly providing a similarity measure. This step is necessary to perform several tasks in computer vision. It allows to perform the classification of images, regions or pixels, re-identification, out-of-distribution detection, object tracking in image sequences and any other task that requires computing a similarity score for their solution. This thesis addresses three specific problems that share this common requirement. The first one is person re-identification. Essentially, it is an image retrieval task that aims at finding instances of the same person according to a similarity measure. We first compare in terms of accuracy and efficiency, classical metric learning to basic deep learning based methods for this problem. In this context, we also study network distillation as a strategy to optimize the trade-off between accuracy and speed at inference time. The second problem we contribute to is novelty detection in image classification. It consists in detecting samples of novel classes, i.e. never seen during training. However, standard novelty detection does not provide any information about the novel samples besides they are unknown. Aiming at more informative outputs, we take advantage from the hierarchical taxonomies that are intrinsic to the classes. We propose a metric learning based approach that leverages the hierarchical relationships among classes during training, being able to predict the parent class for a novel sample in such hierarchical taxonomy. Our third contribution is in multi-object tracking and segmentation. This joint task comprises classification, detection, instance segmentation and tracking. Tracking can be formulated as a retrieval problem to be addressed with metric learning approaches. We tackle the existing difficulty in academic research that is the lack of annotated benchmarks for this task. To this matter, we introduce the problem of weakly supervised multi-object tracking and segmentation, facing the challenge of not having available ground truth for instance segmentation. We propose a synergistic training strategy that benefits from the knowledge of the supervised tasks that are being learnt simultaneously. |
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Address |
July, 2022 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Joan Serrat |
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ISBN |
978-84-124793-4-8 |
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Notes |
ADAS |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Rui2022 |
Serial |
3717 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Juan Ignacio Toledo |
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Title |
Information Extraction from Heterogeneous Handwritten Documents |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Abstract |
In this thesis we explore information Extraction from totally or partially handwritten documents. Basically we are dealing with two different application scenarios. The first scenario are modern highly structured documents like forms. In this kind of documents, the semantic information is encoded in different fields with a pre-defined location in the document, therefore, information extraction becomes roughly equivalent to transcription. The second application scenario are loosely structured totally handwritten documents, besides transcribing them, we need to assign a semantic label, from a set of known values to the handwritten words.
In both scenarios, transcription is an important part of the information extraction. For that reason in this thesis we present two methods based on Neural Networks, to transcribe handwritten text.In order to tackle the challenge of loosely structured documents, we have produced a benchmark, consisting of a dataset, a defined set of tasks and a metric, that was presented to the community as an international competition. Also, we propose different models based on Convolutional and Recurrent neural networks that are able to transcribe and assign different semantic labels to each handwritten words, that is, able to perform Information Extraction. |
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Address |
July 2019 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Alicia Fornes;Josep Llados |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
978-84-948531-7-3 |
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Notes |
DAG; 600.140; 600.121 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Tol2019 |
Serial |
3389 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
David Berga |
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Title |
Understanding Eye Movements: Psychophysics and a Model of Primary Visual Cortex |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Abstract |
Humansmove their eyes in order to learn visual representations of the world. These eye movements depend on distinct factors, either by the scene that we perceive or by our own decisions. To select what is relevant to attend is part of our survival mechanisms and the way we build reality, as we constantly react both consciously and unconsciously to all the stimuli that is projected into our eyes. In this thesis we try to explain (1) how we move our eyes, (2) how to build machines that understand visual information and deploy eyemovements, and (3) how to make these machines understand tasks in order to decide for eye movements.
(1) We provided the analysis of eye movement behavior elicited by low-level feature distinctiveness with a dataset of 230 synthetically-generated image patterns. A total of 15 types of stimuli has been generated (e.g. orientation, brightness, color, size, etc.), with 7 feature contrasts for each feature category. Eye-tracking data was collected from 34 participants during the viewing of the dataset, using Free-Viewing and Visual Search task instructions. Results showed that saliency is predominantly and distinctively influenced by: 1. feature type, 2. feature contrast, 3. Temporality of fixations, 4. task difficulty and 5. center bias. From such dataset (SID4VAM), we have computed a benchmark of saliency models by testing performance using psychophysical patterns. Model performance has been evaluated considering model inspiration and consistency with human psychophysics. Our study reveals that state-of-the-art Deep Learning saliency models do not performwell with synthetic pattern images, instead, modelswith Spectral/Fourier inspiration outperform others in saliency metrics and are more consistent with human psychophysical experimentation.
(2) Computations in the primary visual cortex (area V1 or striate cortex) have long been hypothesized to be responsible, among several visual processing mechanisms, of bottom-up visual attention (also named saliency). In order to validate this hypothesis, images from eye tracking datasets have been processed with a biologically plausible model of V1 (named Neurodynamic SaliencyWaveletModel or NSWAM). Following Li’s neurodynamic model, we define V1’s lateral connections with a network of firing rate neurons, sensitive to visual features such as brightness, color, orientation and scale. Early subcortical processes (i.e. retinal and thalamic) are functionally simulated. The resulting saliency maps are generated from the model output, representing the neuronal activity of V1 projections towards brain areas involved in eye movement control. We want to pinpoint that our unified computational architecture is able to reproduce several visual processes (i.e. brightness, chromatic induction and visual discomfort) without applying any type of training or optimization and keeping the same parametrization. The model has been extended (NSWAM-CM) with an implementation of the cortical magnification function to define the retinotopical projections towards V1, processing neuronal activity for each distinct view during scene observation. Novel computational definitions of top-down inhibition (in terms of inhibition of return and selection mechanisms), are also proposed to predict attention in Free-Viewing and Visual Search conditions. Results show that our model outperforms other biologically-inpired models of saliency prediction as well as to predict visual saccade sequences, specifically for nature and synthetic images. We also show how temporal and spatial characteristics of inhibition of return can improve prediction of saccades, as well as how distinct search strategies (in terms of feature-selective or category-specific inhibition) predict attention at distinct image contexts.
(3) Although previous scanpath models have been able to efficiently predict saccades during Free-Viewing, it is well known that stimulus and task instructions can strongly affect eye movement patterns. In particular, task priming has been shown to be crucial to the deployment of eye movements, involving interactions between brain areas related to goal-directed behavior, working and long-termmemory in combination with stimulus-driven eyemovement neuronal correlates. In our latest study we proposed an extension of the Selective Tuning Attentive Reference Fixation ControllerModel based on task demands (STAR-FCT), describing novel computational definitions of Long-TermMemory, Visual Task Executive and Task Working Memory. With these modules we are able to use textual instructions in order to guide the model to attend to specific categories of objects and/or places in the scene. We have designed our memorymodel by processing a visual hierarchy of low- and high-level features. The relationship between the executive task instructions and the memory representations has been specified using a tree of semantic similarities between the learned features and the object category labels. Results reveal that by using this model, the resulting object localizationmaps and predicted saccades have a higher probability to fall inside the salient regions depending on the distinct task instructions compared to saliency. |
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Address |
July 2019 |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Xavier Otazu |
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978-84-948531-8-0 |
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Notes |
NEUROBIT |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Ber2019 |
Serial |
3390 |
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Author |
David Roche |
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Title |
A Statistical Framework for Terminating Evolutionary Algorithms at their Steady State |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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As any iterative technique, it is a necessary condition a stop criterion for terminating Evolutionary Algorithms (EA). In the case of optimization methods, the algorithm should stop at the time it has reached a steady state so it can not improve results anymore. Assessing the reliability of termination conditions for EAs is of prime importance. A wrong or weak stop criterion can negatively aect both the computational eort and the nal result.
In this Thesis, we introduce a statistical framework for assessing whether a termination condition is able to stop EA at its steady state. In one hand a numeric approximation to steady states to detect the point in which EA population has lost its diversity has been presented for EA termination. This approximation has been applied to dierent EA paradigms based on diversity and a selection of functions covering the properties most relevant for EA convergence. Experiments show that our condition works regardless of the search space dimension and function landscape and Dierential Evolution (DE) arises as the best paradigm. On the other hand, we use a regression model in order to determine the requirements ensuring that a measure derived from EA evolving population is related to the distance to the optimum in xspace.
Our theoretical framework is analyzed across several benchmark test functions
and two standard termination criteria based on function improvement in f-space and EA population x-space distribution for the DE paradigm. Results validate our statistical framework as a powerful tool for determining the capability of a measure for terminating EA and select the x-space distribution as the best-suited for accurately stopping DE in real-world applications. |
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Address |
July 2015 |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Editor |
Debora Gil;Jesus Giraldo |
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Notes |
IAM; 600.075 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Roc2015 |
Serial |
2686 |
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Author |
Patricia Marquez |
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Title |
A Confidence Framework for the Assessment of Optical Flow Performance |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Optical Flow (OF) is the input of a wide range of decision support systems such as car driver assistance, UAV guiding or medical diagnose. In these real situations, the absence of ground truth forces to assess OF quality using quantities computed from either sequences or the computed optical flow itself. These quantities are generally known as Confidence Measures, CM. Even if we have a proper confidence measure we still need a way to evaluate its ability to discard pixels with an OF prone to have a large error. Current approaches only provide a descriptive evaluation of the CM performance but such approaches are not capable to fairly compare different confidence measures and optical flow algorithms. Thus, it is of prime importance to define a framework and a general road map for the evaluation of optical flow performance.
This thesis provides a framework able to decide which pairs “ optical flow – confidence measure” (OF-CM) are best suited for optical flow error bounding given a confidence level determined by a decision support system. To design this framework we cover the following points:
Descriptive scores. As a first step, we summarize and analyze the sources of inaccuracies in the output of optical flow algorithms. Second, we present several descriptive plots that visually assess CM capabilities for OF error bounding. In addition to the descriptive plots, given a plot representing OF-CM capabilities to bound the error, we provide a numeric score that categorizes the plot according to its decreasing profile, that is, a score assessing CM performance.
Statistical framework. We provide a comparison framework that assesses the best suited OF-CM pair for error bounding that uses a two stage cascade process. First of all we assess the predictive value of the confidence measures by means of a descriptive plot. Then, for a sample of descriptive plots computed over training frames, we obtain a generic curve that will be used for sequences with no ground truth. As a second step, we evaluate the obtained general curve and its capabilities to really reflect the predictive value of a confidence measure using the variability across train frames by means of ANOVA.
The presented framework has shown its potential in the application on clinical decision support systems. In particular, we have analyzed the impact of the different image artifacts such as noise and decay to the output of optical flow in a cardiac diagnose system and we have improved the navigation inside the bronchial tree on bronchoscopy. |
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Address |
July 2015 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Debora Gil;Aura Hernandez |
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978-84-943427-2-1 |
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Notes |
IAM; 600.075 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Mar2015 |
Serial |
2687 |
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Author |
Aitor Alvarez-Gila |
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Title |
Self-supervised learning for image-to-image translation in the small data regime |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Computer vision; Neural networks; Self-supervised learning; Image-to-image mapping; Probabilistic programming |
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Abstract |
The mass irruption of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in computer vision since 2012 led to a dominance of the image understanding paradigm consisting in an end-to-end fully supervised learning workflow over large-scale annotated datasets. This approach proved to be extremely useful at solving a myriad of classic and new computer vision tasks with unprecedented performance —often, surpassing that of humans—, at the expense of vast amounts of human-labeled data, extensive computational resources and the disposal of all of our prior knowledge on the task at hand. Even though simple transfer learning methods, such as fine-tuning, have achieved remarkable impact, their success when the amount of labeled data in the target domain is small is limited. Furthermore, the non-static nature of data generation sources will often derive in data distribution shifts that degrade the performance of deployed models. As a consequence, there is a growing demand for methods that can exploit elements of prior knowledge and sources of information other than the manually generated ground truth annotations of the images during the network training process, so that they can adapt to new domains that constitute, if not a small data regime, at least a small labeled data regime. This thesis targets such few or no labeled data scenario in three distinct image-to-image mapping learning problems. It contributes with various approaches that leverage our previous knowledge of different elements of the image formation process: We first present a data-efficient framework for both defocus and motion blur detection, based on a model able to produce realistic synthetic local degradations. The framework comprises a self-supervised, a weakly-supervised and a semi-supervised instantiation, depending on the absence or availability and the nature of human annotations, and outperforms fully-supervised counterparts in a variety of settings. Our knowledge on color image formation is then used to gather input and target ground truth image pairs for the RGB to hyperspectral image reconstruction task. We make use of a CNN to tackle this problem, which, for the first time, allows us to exploit spatial context and achieve state-of-the-art results given a limited hyperspectral image set. In our last contribution to the subfield of data-efficient image-to-image transformation problems, we present the novel semi-supervised task of zero-pair cross-view semantic segmentation: we consider the case of relocation of the camera in an end-to-end trained and deployed monocular, fixed-view semantic segmentation system often found in industry. Under the assumption that we are allowed to obtain an additional set of synchronized but unlabeled image pairs of new scenes from both original and new camera poses, we present ZPCVNet, a model and training procedure that enables the production of dense semantic predictions in either source or target views at inference time. The lack of existing suitable public datasets to develop this approach led us to the creation of MVMO, a large-scale Multi-View, Multi-Object path-traced dataset with per-view semantic segmentation annotations. We expect MVMO to propel future research in the exciting under-developed fields of cross-view and multi-view semantic segmentation. Last, in a piece of applied research of direct application in the context of process monitoring of an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) in a steelmaking plant, we also consider the problem of simultaneously estimating the temperature and spectral emissivity of distant hot emissive samples. To that end, we design our own capturing device, which integrates three point spectrometers covering a wide range of the Ultra-Violet, visible, and Infra-Red spectra and is capable of registering the radiance signal incoming from an 8cm diameter spot located up to 20m away. We then define a physically accurate radiative transfer model that comprises the effects of atmospheric absorbance, of the optical system transfer function, and of the sample temperature and spectral emissivity themselves. We solve this inverse problem without the need for annotated data using a probabilistic programming-based Bayesian approach, which yields full posterior distribution estimates of the involved variables that are consistent with laboratory-grade measurements. |
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Address |
Julu, 2019 |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Editor |
Joost Van de Weijer; Estibaliz Garrote |
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LAMP |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Alv2022 |
Serial |
3716 |
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Author |
Vacit Oguz Yazici |
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Title |
Towards Smart Fashion: Visual Recognition of Products and Attributes |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Artificial intelligence is innovating the fashion industry by proposing new applications and solutions to the problems encountered by researchers and engineers working in the industry. In this thesis, we address three of these problems. In the first part of the thesis, we tackle the problem of multi-label image classification which is very related to fashion attribute recognition. In the second part of the thesis, we address two problems that are specific to fashion. Firstly, we address the problem of main product detection which is the task of associating correct image parts (e.g. bounding boxes) with the fashion product being sold. Secondly, we address the problem of color naming for multicolored fashion items. The task of multi-label image classification consists in assigning various concepts such as objects or attributes to images. Usually, there are dependencies that can be learned between the concepts to capture label correlations (chair and table classes are more likely to co-exist than chair and giraffe).
If we treat the multi-label image classification problem as an orderless set prediction problem, we can exploit recurrent neural networks (RNN) to capture label correlations. However, RNNs are trained to predict ordered sequences of tokens, so if the order of the predicted sequence is different than the order of the ground truth sequence, there will be penalization although the predictions are correct. Therefore, in the first part of the thesis, we propose an orderless loss function which will order the labels in the ground truth sequence dynamically in a way that the minimum loss is achieved. This results in a significant improvement of RNN models on multi-label image classification over the previous methods.
However, RNNs suffer from long term dependencies when the cardinality of set grows bigger. The decoding process might stop early if the current hidden state cannot find any object and outputs the termination token. This would cause the remaining classes not to be predicted and lower recall metric. Transformers can be used to avoid the long term dependency problem exploiting their selfattention modules that process sequential data simultaneously. Consequently, we propose a novel transformer model for multi-label image classification which surpasses the state-of-the-art results by a large margin.
In the second part of thesis, we focus on two fashion-specific problems. Main product detection is the task of associating image parts with the fashion product that is being sold, generally using associated textual metadata (product title or description). Normally, in fashion e-commerces, products are represented by multiple images where a person wears the product along with other fashion items. If all the fashion items in the images are marked with bounding boxes, we can use the textual metadata to decide which item is the main product. The initial work treated each of these images independently, discarding the fact that they all belong to the same product. In this thesis, we represent the bounding boxes from all the images as nodes in a fully connected graph. This allows the algorithm to learn relations between the nodes during training and take the entire context into account for the final decision. Our algorithm results in a significant improvement of the state-ofthe-art.
Moreover, we address the problem of color naming for multicolored fashion items, which is a challenging task due to the external factors such as illumination changes or objects that act as clutter. In the context of multi-label classification, the vaguely defined lines between the classes in the color space cause ambiguity. For example, a shade of blue which is very close to green might cause the model to incorrectly predict the color blue and green at the same time. Based on this, models trained for color naming are expected to recognize the colors and their quantities in both single colored and multicolored fashion items. Therefore, in this thesis, we propose a novel architecture with an additional head that explicitly estimates the number of colors in fashion items. This removes the ambiguity problem and results in better color naming performance. |
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Address |
January 2022 |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
IMPRIMA |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Joost Van de Weijer;Arnau Ramisa |
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978-84-122714-6-1 |
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LAMP |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Ogu2022 |
Serial |
3631 |
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