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Ana Garcia Rodriguez; Jorge Bernal; F. Javier Sanchez; Henry Cordova; Rodrigo Garces Duran; Cristina Rodriguez de Miguel; Gloria Fernandez Esparrach |
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Title |
Polyp fingerprint: automatic recognition of colorectal polyps’ unique features |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Surgical Endoscopy and other Interventional Techniques |
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SEND |
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34 |
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4 |
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1887-1889 |
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BACKGROUND:
Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is an application of machine learning used to retrieve images by similarity on the basis of features. Our objective was to develop a CBIR system that could identify images containing the same polyp ('polyp fingerprint').
METHODS:
A machine learning technique called Bag of Words was used to describe each endoscopic image containing a polyp in a unique way. The system was tested with 243 white light images belonging to 99 different polyps (for each polyp there were at least two images representing it in two different temporal moments). Images were acquired in routine colonoscopies at Hospital Clínic using high-definition Olympus endoscopes. The method provided for each image the closest match within the dataset.
RESULTS:
The system matched another image of the same polyp in 221/243 cases (91%). No differences were observed in the number of correct matches according to Paris classification (protruded: 90.7% vs. non-protruded: 91.3%) and size (< 10 mm: 91.6% vs. > 10 mm: 90%).
CONCLUSIONS:
A CBIR system can match accurately two images containing the same polyp, which could be a helpful aid for polyp image recognition.
KEYWORDS:
Artificial intelligence; Colorectal polyps; Content-based image retrieval |
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MV; no menciona |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ |
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3403 |
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Cristina Sanchez Montes; Jorge Bernal; Ana Garcia Rodriguez; Henry Cordova; Gloria Fernandez Esparrach |
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Title |
Revisión de métodos computacionales de detección y clasificación de pólipos en imagen de colonoscopia |
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2020 |
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Gastroenterología y Hepatología |
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GH |
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43 |
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4 |
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222-232 |
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Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is a tool with great potential to help endoscopists in the tasks of detecting and histologically classifying colorectal polyps. In recent years, different technologies have been described and their potential utility has been increasingly evidenced, which has generated great expectations among scientific societies. However, most of these works are retrospective and use images of different quality and characteristics which are analysed off line. This review aims to familiarise gastroenterologists with computational methods and the particularities of endoscopic imaging, which have an impact on image processing analysis. Finally, the publicly available image databases, needed to compare and confirm the results obtained with different methods, are presented. |
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MV; |
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Admin @ si @ SBG2020 |
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3404 |
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Gabriel Villalonga; Joost Van de Weijer; Antonio Lopez |
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Recognizing new classes with synthetic data in the loop: application to traffic sign recognition |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
Publication |
Sensors |
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SENS |
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20 |
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3 |
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583 |
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On-board vision systems may need to increase the number of classes that can be recognized in a relatively short period. For instance, a traffic sign recognition system may suddenly be required to recognize new signs. Since collecting and annotating samples of such new classes may need more time than we wish, especially for uncommon signs, we propose a method to generate these samples by combining synthetic images and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) technology. In particular, the GAN is trained on synthetic and real-world samples from known classes to perform synthetic-to-real domain adaptation, but applied to synthetic samples of the new classes. Using the Tsinghua dataset with a synthetic counterpart, SYNTHIA-TS, we have run an extensive set of experiments. The results show that the proposed method is indeed effective, provided that we use a proper Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform the traffic sign recognition (classification) task as well as a proper GAN to transform the synthetic images. Here, a ResNet101-based classifier and domain adaptation based on CycleGAN performed extremely well for a ratio∼ 1/4 for new/known classes; even for more challenging ratios such as∼ 4/1, the results are also very positive. |
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LAMP; ADAS; 600.118; 600.120 |
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Admin @ si @ VWL2020 |
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3405 |
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Vacit Oguz Yazici; Abel Gonzalez-Garcia; Arnau Ramisa; Bartlomiej Twardowski; Joost Van de Weijer |
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Title |
Orderless Recurrent Models for Multi-label Classification |
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Conference Article |
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2020 |
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33rd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
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Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are popular for many computer vision tasks, including multi-label classification. Since RNNs produce sequential outputs, labels need to be ordered for the multi-label classification task. Current approaches sort labels according to their frequency, typically ordering them in either rare-first or frequent-first. These imposed orderings do not take into account that the natural order to generate the labels can change for each image, e.g.\ first the dominant object before summing up the smaller objects in the image. Therefore, in this paper, we propose ways to dynamically order the ground truth labels with the predicted label sequence. This allows for the faster training of more optimal LSTM models for multi-label classification. Analysis evidences that our method does not suffer from duplicate generation, something which is common for other models. Furthermore, it outperforms other CNN-RNN models, and we show that a standard architecture of an image encoder and language decoder trained with our proposed loss obtains the state-of-the-art results on the challenging MS-COCO, WIDER Attribute and PA-100K and competitive results on NUS-WIDE. |
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CVPR |
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LAMP; 600.109; 601.309; 600.141; 600.120 |
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Admin @ si @ YGR2020 |
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3408 |
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Khalid El Asnaoui; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Automatically Assess Day Similarity Using Visual Lifelogs |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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International Journal of Intelligent Systems |
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IJIS |
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29 |
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298–310 |
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Today, we witness the appearance of many lifelogging cameras that are able to capture the life of a person wearing the camera and which produce a large number of images everyday. Automatically characterizing the experience and extracting patterns of behavior of individuals from this huge collection of unlabeled and unstructured egocentric data present major challenges and require novel and efficient algorithmic solutions. The main goal of this work is to propose a new method to automatically assess day similarity from the lifelogging images of a person. We propose a technique to measure the similarity between images based on the Swain’s distance and generalize it to detect the similarity between daily visual data. To this purpose, we apply the dynamic time warping (DTW) combined with the Swain’s distance for final day similarity estimation. For validation, we apply our technique on the Egocentric Dataset of University of Barcelona (EDUB) of 4912 daily images acquired by four persons with preliminary encouraging results. |
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MILAB; no proj |
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AsR2020 |
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3409 |
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Margarita Torre; Beatriz Remeseiro; Petia Radeva; Fernando Martinez |
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DeepNEM: Deep Network Energy-Minimization for Agricultural Field Segmentation |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing |
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JSTAEOR |
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13 |
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726-737 |
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One of the main characteristics of agricultural fields is that the appearance of different crops and their growth status, in an aerial image, is varied, and has a wide range of radiometric values and high level of variability. The extraction of these fields and their monitoring are activities that require a high level of human intervention. In this article, we propose a novel automatic algorithm, named deep network energy-minimization (DeepNEM), to extract agricultural fields in aerial images. The model-guided process selects the most relevant image clues extracted by a deep network, completes them and finally generates regions that represent the agricultural fields under a minimization scheme. DeepNEM has been tested over a broad range of fields in terms of size, shape, and content. Different measures were used to compare the DeepNEM with other methods, and to prove that it represents an improved approach to achieve a high-quality segmentation of agricultural fields. Furthermore, this article also presents a new public dataset composed of 1200 images with their parcels boundaries annotations. |
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MILAB |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ TRR2020 |
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3410 |
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Author |
Razieh Rastgoo; Kourosh Kiani; Sergio Escalera |
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Hand sign language recognition using multi-view hand skeleton |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Expert Systems With Applications |
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ESWA |
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150 |
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113336 |
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Multi-view hand skeleton; Hand sign language recognition; 3DCNN; Hand pose estimation; RGB video; Hand action recognition |
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Hand sign language recognition from video is a challenging research area in computer vision, which performance is affected by hand occlusion, fast hand movement, illumination changes, or background complexity, just to mention a few. In recent years, deep learning approaches have achieved state-of-the-art results in the field, though previous challenges are not completely solved. In this work, we propose a novel deep learning-based pipeline architecture for efficient automatic hand sign language recognition using Single Shot Detector (SSD), 2D Convolutional Neural Network (2DCNN), 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3DCNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) from RGB input videos. We use a CNN-based model which estimates the 3D hand keypoints from 2D input frames. After that, we connect these estimated keypoints to build the hand skeleton by using midpoint algorithm. In order to obtain a more discriminative representation of hands, we project 3D hand skeleton into three views surface images. We further employ the heatmap image of detected keypoints as input for refinement in a stacked fashion. We apply 3DCNNs on the stacked features of hand, including pixel level, multi-view hand skeleton, and heatmap features, to extract discriminant local spatio-temporal features from these stacked inputs. The outputs of the 3DCNNs are fused and fed to a LSTM to model long-term dynamics of hand sign gestures. Analyzing 2DCNN vs. 3DCNN using different number of stacked inputs into the network, we demonstrate that 3DCNN better capture spatio-temporal dynamics of hands. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this multi-modal and multi-view set of hand skeleton features are applied for hand sign language recognition. Furthermore, we present a new large-scale hand sign language dataset, namely RKS-PERSIANSIGN, including 10′000 RGB videos of 100 Persian sign words. Evaluation results of the proposed model on three datasets, NYU, First-Person, and RKS-PERSIANSIGN, indicate that our model outperforms state-of-the-art models in hand sign language recognition, hand pose estimation, and hand action recognition. |
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HuPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ RKE2020a |
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3411 |
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Shifeng Zhang; Ajian Liu; Jun Wan; Yanyan Liang; Guogong Guo; Sergio Escalera; Hugo Jair Escalante; Stan Z. Li |
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Title |
CASIA-SURF: A Dataset and Benchmark for Large-scale Multi-modal Face Anti-spoofing |
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2020 |
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IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science |
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TTBIS |
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2 |
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2 |
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182 - 193 |
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Face anti-spoofing is essential to prevent face recognition systems from a security breach. Much of the progresses have been made by the availability of face anti-spoofing benchmark datasets in recent years. However, existing face anti-spoofing benchmarks have limited number of subjects (≤170) and modalities (≤2), which hinder the further development of the academic community. To facilitate face anti-spoofing research, we introduce a large-scale multi-modal dataset, namely CASIA-SURF, which is the largest publicly available dataset for face anti-spoofing in terms of both subjects and modalities. Specifically, it consists of 1,000 subjects with 21,000 videos and each sample has 3 modalities ( i.e. , RGB, Depth and IR). We also provide comprehensive evaluation metrics, diverse evaluation protocols, training/validation/testing subsets and a measurement tool, developing a new benchmark for face anti-spoofing. Moreover, we present a novel multi-modal multi-scale fusion method as a strong baseline, which performs feature re-weighting to select the more informative channel features while suppressing the less useful ones for each modality across different scales. Extensive experiments have been conducted on the proposed dataset to verify its significance and generalization capability. The dataset is available at https://sites.google.com/qq.com/face-anti-spoofing/welcome/challengecvpr2019?authuser=0 |
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HuPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ ZLW2020 |
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3412 |
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Yunan Li; Jun Wan; Qiguang Miao; Sergio Escalera; Huijuan Fang; Huizhou Chen; Xiangda Qi; Guodong Guo |
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CR-Net: A Deep Classification-Regression Network for Multimodal Apparent Personality Analysis |
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2020 |
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International Journal of Computer Vision |
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IJCV |
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128 |
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2763–2780 |
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First impressions strongly influence social interactions, having a high impact in the personal and professional life. In this paper, we present a deep Classification-Regression Network (CR-Net) for analyzing the Big Five personality problem and further assisting on job interview recommendation in a first impressions setup. The setup is based on the ChaLearn First Impressions dataset, including multimodal data with video, audio, and text converted from the corresponding audio data, where each person is talking in front of a camera. In order to give a comprehensive prediction, we analyze the videos from both the entire scene (including the person’s motions and background) and the face of the person. Our CR-Net first performs personality trait classification and applies a regression later, which can obtain accurate predictions for both personality traits and interview recommendation. Furthermore, we present a new loss function called Bell Loss to address inaccurate predictions caused by the regression-to-the-mean problem. Extensive experiments on the First Impressions dataset show the effectiveness of our proposed network, outperforming the state-of-the-art. |
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HuPBA; no menciona |
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Admin @ si @ LWM2020 |
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3413 |
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Pau Rodriguez; Diego Velazquez; Guillem Cucurull; Josep M. Gonfaus; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Pay attention to the activations: a modular attention mechanism for fine-grained image recognition |
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2020 |
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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia |
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TMM |
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22 |
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2 |
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502-514 |
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Fine-grained image recognition is central to many multimedia tasks such as search, retrieval, and captioning. Unfortunately, these tasks are still challenging since the appearance of samples of the same class can be more different than those from different classes. This issue is mainly due to changes in deformation, pose, and the presence of clutter. In the literature, attention has been one of the most successful strategies to handle the aforementioned problems. Attention has been typically implemented in neural networks by selecting the most informative regions of the image that improve classification. In contrast, in this paper, attention is not applied at the image level but to the convolutional feature activations. In essence, with our approach, the neural model learns to attend to lower-level feature activations without requiring part annotations and uses those activations to update and rectify the output likelihood distribution. The proposed mechanism is modular, architecture-independent, and efficient in terms of both parameters and computation required. Experiments demonstrate that well-known networks such as wide residual networks and ResNeXt, when augmented with our approach, systematically improve their classification accuracy and become more robust to changes in deformation and pose and to the presence of clutter. As a result, our proposal reaches state-of-the-art classification accuracies in CIFAR-10, the Adience gender recognition task, Stanford Dogs, and UEC-Food100 while obtaining competitive performance in ImageNet, CIFAR-100, CUB200 Birds, and Stanford Cars. In addition, we analyze the different components of our model, showing that the proposed attention modules succeed in finding the most discriminative regions of the image. Finally, as a proof of concept, we demonstrate that with only local predictions, an augmented neural network can successfully classify an image before reaching any fully connected layer, thus reducing the computational amount up to 10%. |
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ISE; 600.119; 600.098 |
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Admin @ si @ RVC2020a |
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3417 |
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Xiangyang Li; Luis Herranz; Shuqiang Jiang |
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Multifaceted Analysis of Fine-Tuning in Deep Model for Visual Recognition |
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2020 |
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ACM Transactions on Data Science |
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ACM |
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In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved impressive performance for various visual recognition scenarios. CNNs trained on large labeled datasets can not only obtain significant performance on most challenging benchmarks but also provide powerful representations, which can be used to a wide range of other tasks. However, the requirement of massive amounts of data to train deep neural networks is a major drawback of these models, as the data available is usually limited or imbalanced. Fine-tuning (FT) is an effective way to transfer knowledge learned in a source dataset to a target task. In this paper, we introduce and systematically investigate several factors that influence the performance of fine-tuning for visual recognition. These factors include parameters for the retraining procedure (e.g., the initial learning rate of fine-tuning), the distribution of the source and target data (e.g., the number of categories in the source dataset, the distance between the source and target datasets) and so on. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyze these factors, evaluate their influence, and present many empirical observations. The results reveal insights into what fine-tuning changes CNN parameters and provide useful and evidence-backed intuitions about how to implement fine-tuning for computer vision tasks. |
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LAMP; 600.141; 600.120 |
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Admin @ si @ LHJ2020 |
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3423 |
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Yaxing Wang; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer |
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Mix and match networks: multi-domain alignment for unpaired image-to-image translation |
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2020 |
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International Journal of Computer Vision |
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IJCV |
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128 |
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2849–2872 |
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This paper addresses the problem of inferring unseen cross-modal image-to-image translations between multiple modalities. We assume that only some of the pairwise translations have been seen (i.e. trained) and infer the remaining unseen translations (where training pairs are not available). We propose mix and match networks, an approach where multiple encoders and decoders are aligned in such a way that the desired translation can be obtained by simply cascading the source encoder and the target decoder, even when they have not interacted during the training stage (i.e. unseen). The main challenge lies in the alignment of the latent representations at the bottlenecks of encoder-decoder pairs. We propose an architecture with several tools to encourage alignment, including autoencoders and robust side information and latent consistency losses. We show the benefits of our approach in terms of effectiveness and scalability compared with other pairwise image-to-image translation approaches. We also propose zero-pair cross-modal image translation, a challenging setting where the objective is inferring semantic segmentation from depth (and vice-versa) without explicit segmentation-depth pairs, and only from two (disjoint) segmentation-RGB and depth-RGB training sets. We observe that a certain part of the shared information between unseen modalities might not be reachable, so we further propose a variant that leverages pseudo-pairs which allows us to exploit this shared information between the unseen modalities |
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LAMP; 600.109; 600.106; 600.141; 600.120 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ WHW2020 |
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3424 |
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Zhengying Liu; Zhen Xu; Sergio Escalera; Isabelle Guyon; Julio C. S. Jacques Junior; Meysam Madadi; Adrien Pavao; Sebastien Treguer; Wei-Wei Tu |
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Towards automated computer vision: analysis of the AutoCV challenges 2019 |
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2020 |
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Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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135 |
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196-203 |
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Computer vision; AutoML; Deep learning |
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We present the results of recent challenges in Automated Computer Vision (AutoCV, renamed here for clarity AutoCV1 and AutoCV2, 2019), which are part of a series of challenge on Automated Deep Learning (AutoDL). These two competitions aim at searching for fully automated solutions for classification tasks in computer vision, with an emphasis on any-time performance. The first competition was limited to image classification while the second one included both images and videos. Our design imposed to the participants to submit their code on a challenge platform for blind testing on five datasets, both for training and testing, without any human intervention whatsoever. Winning solutions adopted deep learning techniques based on already published architectures, such as AutoAugment, MobileNet and ResNet, to reach state-of-the-art performance in the time budget of the challenge (only 20 minutes of GPU time). The novel contributions include strategies to deliver good preliminary results at any time during the learning process, such that a method can be stopped early and still deliver good performance. This feature is key for the adoption of such techniques by data analysts desiring to obtain rapidly preliminary results on large datasets and to speed up the development process. The soundness of our design was verified in several aspects: (1) Little overfitting of the on-line leaderboard providing feedback on 5 development datasets was observed, compared to the final blind testing on the 5 (separate) final test datasets, suggesting that winning solutions might generalize to other computer vision classification tasks; (2) Error bars on the winners’ performance allow us to say with confident that they performed significantly better than the baseline solutions we provided; (3) The ranking of participants according to the any-time metric we designed, namely the Area under the Learning Curve, was different from that of the fixed-time metric, i.e. AUC at the end of the fixed time budget. We released all winning solutions under open-source licenses. At the end of the AutoDL challenge series, all data of the challenge will be made publicly available, thus providing a collection of uniformly formatted datasets, which can serve to conduct further research, particularly on meta-learning. |
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HuPBA; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ LXE2020 |
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3427 |
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Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Cristhian Aguilera; Cristobal A. Navarro; Angel Sappa |
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Fast CNN Stereo Depth Estimation through Embedded GPU Devices |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Sensors |
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SENS |
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20 |
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11 |
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3249 |
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stereo matching; deep learning; embedded GPU |
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Current CNN-based stereo depth estimation models can barely run under real-time constraints on embedded graphic processing unit (GPU) devices. Moreover, state-of-the-art evaluations usually do not consider model optimization techniques, being that it is unknown what is the current potential on embedded GPU devices. In this work, we evaluate two state-of-the-art models on three different embedded GPU devices, with and without optimization methods, presenting performance results that illustrate the actual capabilities of embedded GPU devices for stereo depth estimation. More importantly, based on our evaluation, we propose the use of a U-Net like architecture for postprocessing the cost-volume, instead of a typical sequence of 3D convolutions, drastically augmenting the runtime speed of current models. In our experiments, we achieve real-time inference speed, in the range of 5–32 ms, for 1216 × 368 input stereo images on the Jetson TX2, Jetson Xavier, and Jetson Nano embedded devices. |
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MSIAU; 600.122 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ AAN2020 |
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3428 |
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Estefania Talavera; Carolin Wuerich; Nicolai Petkov; Petia Radeva |
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Topic modelling for routine discovery from egocentric photo-streams |
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2020 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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104 |
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107330 |
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Routine; Egocentric vision; Lifestyle; Behaviour analysis; Topic modelling |
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Developing tools to understand and visualize lifestyle is of high interest when addressing the improvement of habits and well-being of people. Routine, defined as the usual things that a person does daily, helps describe the individuals’ lifestyle. With this paper, we are the first ones to address the development of novel tools for automatic discovery of routine days of an individual from his/her egocentric images. In the proposed model, sequences of images are firstly characterized by semantic labels detected by pre-trained CNNs. Then, these features are organized in temporal-semantic documents to later be embedded into a topic models space. Finally, Dynamic-Time-Warping and Spectral-Clustering methods are used for final day routine/non-routine discrimination. Moreover, we introduce a new EgoRoutine-dataset, a collection of 104 egocentric days with more than 100.000 images recorded by 7 users. Results show that routine can be discovered and behavioural patterns can be observed. |
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MILAB; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ TWP2020 |
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3435 |
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