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Author Chengyi Zou; Shuai Wan; Marta Mrak; Marc Gorriz Blanch; Luis Herranz; Tiannan Ji edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Towards Lightweight Neural Network-based Chroma Intra Prediction for Video Coding Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication 29th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Video coding; Quantization (signal); Computational modeling; Neural networks; Predictive models; Video compression; Syntactics  
  Abstract (up) In video compression the luma channel can be useful for predicting chroma channels (Cb, Cr), as has been demonstrated with the Cross-Component Linear Model (CCLM) used in Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard. More recently, it has been shown that neural networks can even better capture the relationship among different channels. In this paper, a new attention-based neural network is proposed for cross-component intra prediction. With the goal to simplify neural network design, the new framework consists of four branches: boundary branch and luma branch for extracting features from reference samples, attention branch for fusing the first two branches, and prediction branch for computing the predicted chroma samples. The proposed scheme is integrated into VVC test model together with one additional binary block-level syntax flag which indicates whether a given block makes use of the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate 0.31%/2.36%/2.00% BD-rate reductions on Y/Cb/Cr components, respectively, on top of the VVC Test Model (VTM) 7.0 which uses CCLM.  
  Address Bordeaux; France; October 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Area Expedition Conference ICIP  
  Notes MACO Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ ZWM2022 Serial 3790  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ahmed M. A. Salih; Ilaria Boscolo Galazzo; Federica Cruciani; Lorenza Brusini; Petia Radeva edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Investigating Explainable Artificial Intelligence for MRI-based Classification of Dementia: a New Stability Criterion for Explainable Methods Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication 29th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Image processing; Stability criteria; Machine learning; Robustness; Alzheimer's disease; Monitoring  
  Abstract (up) Individuals diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) have shown an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). As such, early identification of dementia represents a key prognostic element, though hampered by complex disease patterns. Increasing efforts have focused on Machine Learning (ML) to build accurate classification models relying on a multitude of clinical/imaging variables. However, ML itself does not provide sensible explanations related to the model mechanism and feature contribution. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) represents the enabling technology in this framework, allowing to understand ML outcomes and derive human-understandable explanations. In this study, we aimed at exploring ML combined with MRI-based features and XAI to solve this classification problem and interpret the outcome. In particular, we propose a new method to assess the robustness of feature rankings provided by XAI methods, especially when multicollinearity exists. Our findings indicate that our method was able to disentangle the list of the informative features underlying dementia, with important implications for aiding personalized monitoring plans.  
  Address Bordeaux; France; October 2022  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICIP  
  Notes MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SBC2022 Serial 3789  
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Author Minesh Mathew; Viraj Bagal; Ruben Tito; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Ernest Valveny; C.V. Jawahar edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title InfographicVQA Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1697-1706  
  Keywords Document Analysis Datasets; Evaluation and Comparison of Vision Algorithms; Vision and Languages  
  Abstract (up) Infographics communicate information using a combination of textual, graphical and visual elements. This work explores the automatic understanding of infographic images by using a Visual Question Answering technique. To this end, we present InfographicVQA, a new dataset comprising a diverse collection of infographics and question-answer annotations. The questions require methods that jointly reason over the document layout, textual content, graphical elements, and data visualizations. We curate the dataset with an emphasis on questions that require elementary reasoning and basic arithmetic skills. For VQA on the dataset, we evaluate two Transformer-based strong baselines. Both the baselines yield unsatisfactory results compared to near perfect human performance on the dataset. The results suggest that VQA on infographics--images that are designed to communicate information quickly and clearly to human brain--is ideal for benchmarking machine understanding of complex document images. The dataset is available for download at docvqa. org  
  Address Virtual; Waikoloa; Hawai; USA; January 2022  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference WACV  
  Notes DAG; 600.155 Approved no  
  Call Number MBT2022 Serial 3625  
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Author Bhalaji Nagarajan; Ricardo Marques; Marcos Mejia; Petia Radeva edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Class-conditional Importance Weighting for Deep Learning with Noisy Labels Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication 17th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 5 Issue Pages 679-686  
  Keywords Noisy Labeling; Loss Correction; Class-conditional Importance Weighting; Learning with Noisy Labels  
  Abstract (up) Large-scale accurate labels are very important to the Deep Neural Networks to train them and assure high performance. However, it is very expensive to create a clean dataset since usually it relies on human interaction. To this purpose, the labelling process is made cheap with a trade-off of having noisy labels. Learning with Noisy Labels is an active area of research being at the same time very challenging. The recent advances in Self-supervised learning and robust loss functions have helped in advancing noisy label research. In this paper, we propose a loss correction method that relies on dynamic weights computed based on the model training. We extend the existing Contrast to Divide algorithm coupled with DivideMix using a new class-conditional weighted scheme. We validate the method using the standard noise experiments and achieved encouraging results.  
  Address Virtual; February 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference VISAPP  
  Notes MILAB; no menciona Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ NMM2022 Serial 3798  
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Author David Berga; Xavier Otazu edit  doi
openurl 
  Title A neurodynamic model of saliency prediction in v1 Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Neural Computation Abbreviated Journal NEURALCOMPUT  
  Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 378-414  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (up) Lateral connections in the primary visual cortex (V1) have long been hypothesized to be responsible for several visual processing mechanisms such as brightness induction, chromatic induction, visual discomfort, and bottom-up visual attention (also named saliency). Many computational models have been developed to independently predict these and other visual processes, but no computational model has been able to reproduce all of them simultaneously. In this work, we show that a biologically plausible computational model of lateral interactions of V1 is able to simultaneously predict saliency and all the aforementioned visual processes. Our model's architecture (NSWAM) is based on Penacchio's neurodynamic model of lateral connections of V1. It is defined as a network of firing rate neurons, sensitive to visual features such as brightness, color, orientation, and scale. We tested NSWAM saliency predictions using images from several eye tracking data sets. We show that the accuracy of predictions obtained by our architecture, using shuffled metrics, is similar to other state-of-the-art computational methods, particularly with synthetic images (CAT2000-Pattern and SID4VAM) that mainly contain low-level features. Moreover, we outperform other biologically inspired saliency models that are specifically designed to exclusively reproduce saliency. We show that our biologically plausible model of lateral connections can simultaneously explain different visual processes present in V1 (without applying any type of training or optimization and keeping the same parameterization for all the visual processes). This can be useful for the definition of a unified architecture of the primary visual cortex.  
  Address  
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  Notes NEUROBIT; 600.128; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BeO2022 Serial 3696  
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Author Kai Wang; Chenshen Wu; Andrew Bagdanov; Xialei Liu; Shiqi Yang; Shangling Jui; Joost Van de Weijer edit  openurl
  Title Positive Pair Distillation Considered Harmful: Continual Meta Metric Learning for Lifelong Object Re-Identification Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication 33rd British Machine Vision Conference Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (up) Lifelong object re-identification incrementally learns from a stream of re-identification tasks. The objective is to learn a representation that can be applied to all tasks and that generalizes to previously unseen re-identification tasks. The main challenge is that at inference time the representation must generalize to previously unseen identities. To address this problem, we apply continual meta metric learning to lifelong object re-identification. To prevent forgetting of previous tasks, we use knowledge distillation and explore the roles of positive and negative pairs. Based on our observation that the distillation and metric losses are antagonistic, we propose to remove positive pairs from distillation to robustify model updates. Our method, called Distillation without Positive Pairs (DwoPP), is evaluated on extensive intra-domain experiments on person and vehicle re-identification datasets, as well as inter-domain experiments on the LReID benchmark. Our experiments demonstrate that DwoPP significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art.  
  Address London; UK; November 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference BMVC  
  Notes LAMP; 600.147 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ WWB2022 Serial 3794  
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Author Mohamed Ali Souibgui; Ali Furkan Biten; Sounak Dey; Alicia Fornes; Yousri Kessentini; Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Josep Llados edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title One-shot Compositional Data Generation for Low Resource Handwritten Text Recognition Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Document Analysis  
  Abstract (up) Low resource Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) is a hard problem due to the scarce annotated data and the very limited linguistic information (dictionaries and language models). This appears, for example, in the case of historical ciphered manuscripts, which are usually written with invented alphabets to hide the content. Thus, in this paper we address this problem through a data generation technique based on Bayesian Program Learning (BPL). Contrary to traditional generation approaches, which require a huge amount of annotated images, our method is able to generate human-like handwriting using only one sample of each symbol from the desired alphabet. After generating symbols, we create synthetic lines to train state-of-the-art HTR architectures in a segmentation free fashion. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were carried out and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, achieving competitive results compared to the usage of real annotated data.  
  Address Virtual; January 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference WACV  
  Notes DAG; 602.230; 600.140 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SBD2022 Serial 3615  
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Author Carles Onielfa; Carles Casacuberta; Sergio Escalera edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Influence in Social Networks Through Visual Analysis of Image Memes Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 356 Issue Pages 71-80  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (up) Memes evolve and mutate through their diffusion in social media. They have the potential to propagate ideas and, by extension, products. Many studies have focused on memes, but none so far, to our knowledge, on the users that post them, their relationships, and the reach of their influence. In this article, we define a meme influence graph together with suitable metrics to visualize and quantify influence between users who post memes, and we also describe a process to implement our definitions using a new approach to meme detection based on text-to-image area ratio and contrast. After applying our method to a set of users of the social media platform Instagram, we conclude that our metrics add information to already existing user characteristics.  
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  Notes HuPBA; no menciona Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ OCE2022 Serial 3799  
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Author Idoia Ruiz edit  isbn
openurl 
  Title Deep Metric Learning for re-identification, tracking and hierarchical novelty detection Type Book Whole
  Year 2022 Publication PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (up) Metric learning refers to the problem in machine learning of learning a distance or similarity measurement to compare data. In particular, deep metric learning involves learning a representation, also referred to as embedding, such that in the embedding space data samples can be compared based on the distance, directly providing a similarity measure. This step is necessary to perform several tasks in computer vision. It allows to perform the classification of images, regions or pixels, re-identification, out-of-distribution detection, object tracking in image sequences and any other task that requires computing a similarity score for their solution. This thesis addresses three specific problems that share this common requirement. The first one is person re-identification. Essentially, it is an image retrieval task that aims at finding instances of the same person according to a similarity measure. We first compare in terms of accuracy and efficiency, classical metric learning to basic deep learning based methods for this problem. In this context, we also study network distillation as a strategy to optimize the trade-off between accuracy and speed at inference time. The second problem we contribute to is novelty detection in image classification. It consists in detecting samples of novel classes, i.e. never seen during training. However, standard novelty detection does not provide any information about the novel samples besides they are unknown. Aiming at more informative outputs, we take advantage from the hierarchical taxonomies that are intrinsic to the classes. We propose a metric learning based approach that leverages the hierarchical relationships among classes during training, being able to predict the parent class for a novel sample in such hierarchical taxonomy. Our third contribution is in multi-object tracking and segmentation. This joint task comprises classification, detection, instance segmentation and tracking. Tracking can be formulated as a retrieval problem to be addressed with metric learning approaches. We tackle the existing difficulty in academic research that is the lack of annotated benchmarks for this task. To this matter, we introduce the problem of weakly supervised multi-object tracking and segmentation, facing the challenge of not having available ground truth for instance segmentation. We propose a synergistic training strategy that benefits from the knowledge of the supervised tasks that are being learnt simultaneously.  
  Address July, 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor Joan Serrat  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-84-124793-4-8 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Rui2022 Serial 3717  
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Author Debora Gil; Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Julien Enconniere; Saryani Asmayawati; Pau Folch; Juan Borrego-Carazo; Miquel Angel Piera edit  doi
openurl 
  Title E-Pilots: A System to Predict Hard Landing During the Approach Phase of Commercial Flights Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication IEEE Access Abbreviated Journal ACCESS  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages 7489-7503  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (up) More than half of all commercial aircraft operation accidents could have been prevented by executing a go-around. Making timely decision to execute a go-around manoeuvre can potentially reduce overall aviation industry accident rate. In this paper, we describe a cockpit-deployable machine learning system to support flight crew go-around decision-making based on the prediction of a hard landing event.
This work presents a hybrid approach for hard landing prediction that uses features modelling temporal dependencies of aircraft variables as inputs to a neural network. Based on a large dataset of 58177 commercial flights, the results show that our approach has 85% of average sensitivity with 74% of average specificity at the go-around point. It follows that our approach is a cockpit-deployable recommendation system that outperforms existing approaches.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes IAM; 600.139; 600.118; 600.145 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GHE2022 Serial 3721  
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Author Bojana Gajic; Ariel Amato; Ramon Baldrich; Joost Van de Weijer; Carlo Gatta edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Area Under the ROC Curve Maximization for Metric Learning Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication CVPR 2022 Workshop on Efficien Deep Learning for Computer Vision (ECV 2022, 5th Edition) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Training; Computer vision; Conferences; Area measurement; Benchmark testing; Pattern recognition  
  Abstract (up) Most popular metric learning losses have no direct relation with the evaluation metrics that are subsequently applied to evaluate their performance. We hypothesize that training a metric learning model by maximizing the area under the ROC curve (which is a typical performance measure of recognition systems) can induce an implicit ranking suitable for retrieval problems. This hypothesis is supported by previous work that proved that a curve dominates in ROC space if and only if it dominates in Precision-Recall space. To test this hypothesis, we design and maximize an approximated, derivable relaxation of the area under the ROC curve. The proposed AUC loss achieves state-of-the-art results on two large scale retrieval benchmark datasets (Stanford Online Products and DeepFashion In-Shop). Moreover, the AUC loss achieves comparable performance to more complex, domain specific, state-of-the-art methods for vehicle re-identification.  
  Address New Orleans, USA; 20 June 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference CVPRW  
  Notes CIC; LAMP; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GAB2022 Serial 3700  
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Author Vacit Oguz Yazici; Joost Van de Weijer; Longlong Yu edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Visual Transformers with Primal Object Queries for Multi-Label Image Classification Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract (up) Multi-label image classification is about predicting a set of class labels that can be considered as orderless sequential data. Transformers process the sequential data as a whole, therefore they are inherently good at set prediction. The first vision-based transformer model, which was proposed for the object detection task introduced the concept of object queries. Object queries are learnable positional encodings that are used by attention modules in decoder layers to decode the object classes or bounding boxes using the region of interests in an image. However, inputting the same set of object queries to different decoder layers hinders the training: it results in lower performance and delays convergence. In this paper, we propose the usage of primal object queries that are only provided at the start of the transformer decoder stack. In addition, we improve the mixup technique proposed for multi-label classification. The proposed transformer model with primal object queries improves the state-of-the-art class wise F1 metric by 2.1% and 1.8%; and speeds up the convergence by 79.0% and 38.6% on MS-COCO and NUS-WIDE datasets respectively.  
  Address Montreal; Quebec; Canada; August 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICPR  
  Notes LAMP; 600.147; 601.309 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ YWY2022 Serial 3786  
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Author Zhaocheng Liu; Luis Herranz; Fei Yang; Saiping Zhang; Shuai Wan; Marta Mrak; Marc Gorriz edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Slimmable Video Codec Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication CVPR 2022 Workshop and Challenge on Learned Image Compression (CLIC 2022, 5th Edition) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1742-1746  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (up) Neural video compression has emerged as a novel paradigm combining trainable multilayer neural net-works and machine learning, achieving competitive rate-distortion (RD) performances, but still remaining impractical due to heavy neural architectures, with large memory and computational demands. In addition, models are usually optimized for a single RD tradeoff. Recent slimmable image codecs can dynamically adjust their model capacity to gracefully reduce the memory and computation requirements, without harming RD performance. In this paper we propose a slimmable video codec (SlimVC), by integrating a slimmable temporal entropy model in a slimmable autoencoder. Despite a significantly more complex architecture, we show that slimming remains a powerful mechanism to control rate, memory footprint, computational cost and latency, all being important requirements for practical video compression.  
  Address Virtual; 19 June 2022  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference CVPRW  
  Notes MACO; 601.379; 601.161 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ LHY2022 Serial 3687  
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Author German Barquero; Johnny Nuñez; Sergio Escalera; Zhen Xu; Wei-Wei Tu; Isabelle Guyon edit  url
openurl 
  Title Didn’t see that coming: a survey on non-verbal social human behavior forecasting Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication Understanding Social Behavior in Dyadic and Small Group Interactions Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 173 Issue Pages 139-178  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (up) Non-verbal social human behavior forecasting has increasingly attracted the interest of the research community in recent years. Its direct applications to human-robot interaction and socially-aware human motion generation make it a very attractive field. In this survey, we define the behavior forecasting problem for multiple interactive agents in a generic way that aims at unifying the fields of social signals prediction and human motion forecasting, traditionally separated. We hold that both problem formulations refer to the same conceptual problem, and identify many shared fundamental challenges: future stochasticity, context awareness, history exploitation, etc. We also propose a taxonomy that comprises
methods published in the last 5 years in a very informative way and describes the current main concerns of the community with regard to this problem. In order to promote further research on this field, we also provide a summarized and friendly overview of audiovisual datasets featuring non-acted social interactions. Finally, we describe the most common metrics used in this task and their particular issues.
 
  Address Virtual; June 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference PMLR  
  Notes HuPBA; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BNE2022 Serial 3766  
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Author Carlos Boned Riera; Oriol Ramos Terrades edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Discriminative Neural Variational Model for Unbalanced Classification Tasks in Knowledge Graph Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 2186-2191  
  Keywords Measurement; Couplings; Semantics; Ear; Benchmark testing; Data models; Pattern recognition  
  Abstract (up) Nowadays the paradigm of link discovery problems has shown significant improvements on Knowledge Graphs. However, method performances are harmed by the unbalanced nature of this classification problem, since many methods are easily biased to not find proper links. In this paper we present a discriminative neural variational auto-encoder model, called DNVAE from now on, in which we have introduced latent variables to serve as embedding vectors. As a result, the learnt generative model approximate better the underlying distribution and, at the same time, it better differentiate the type of relations in the knowledge graph. We have evaluated this approach on benchmark knowledge graph and Census records. Results in this last data set are quite impressive since we reach the highest possible score in the evaluation metrics. However, further experiments are still needed to deeper evaluate the performance of the method in more challenging tasks.  
  Address Montreal; Quebec; Canada; August 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICPR  
  Notes DAG; 600.121; 600.162 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BoR2022 Serial 3741  
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