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| Author | Aymen Azaza | ||||
| Title | Context, Motion and Semantic Information for Computational Saliency | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | The main objective of this thesis is to highlight the salient object in an image or in a video sequence. We address three important—but in our opinion
insufficiently investigated—aspects of saliency detection. Firstly, we start by extending previous research on saliency which explicitly models the information provided from the context. Then, we show the importance of explicit context modelling for saliency estimation. Several important works in saliency are based on the usage of object proposals. However, these methods focus on the saliency of the object proposal itself and ignore the context. To introduce context in such saliency approaches, we couple every object proposal with its direct context. This allows us to evaluate the importance of the immediate surround (context) for its saliency. We propose several saliency features which are computed from the context proposals including features based on omni-directional and horizontal context continuity. Secondly, we investigate the usage of top-downmethods (high-level semantic information) for the task of saliency prediction since most computational methods are bottom-up or only include few semantic classes. We propose to consider a wider group of object classes. These objects represent important semantic information which we will exploit in our saliency prediction approach. Thirdly, we develop a method to detect video saliency by computing saliency from supervoxels and optical flow. In addition, we apply the context features developed in this thesis for video saliency detection. The method combines shape and motion features with our proposed context features. To summarize, we prove that extending object proposals with their direct context improves the task of saliency detection in both image and video data. Also the importance of the semantic information in saliency estimation is evaluated. Finally, we propose a newmotion feature to detect saliency in video data. The three proposed novelties are evaluated on standard saliency benchmark datasets and are shown to improve with respect to state-of-the-art. |
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| Address | October 2018 | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Ediciones Graficas Rey | Place of Publication | Editor | Joost Van de Weijer;Ali Douik | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-84-945373-9-4 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | LAMP; 600.120 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ Aza2018 | Serial | 3218 | ||
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| Author | Dena Bazazian | ||||
| Title | Fully Convolutional Networks for Text Understanding in Scene Images | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Text understanding in scene images has gained plenty of attention in the computer vision community and it is an important task in many applications as text carries semantically rich information about scene content and context. For instance, reading text in a scene can be applied to autonomous driving, scene understanding or assisting visually impaired people. The general aim of scene text understanding is to localize and recognize text in scene images. Text regions are first localized in the original image by a trained detector model and afterwards fed into a recognition module. The tasks of localization and recognition are highly correlated since an inaccurate localization can affect the recognition task.
The main purpose of this thesis is to devise efficient methods for scene text understanding. We investigate how the latest results on deep learning can advance text understanding pipelines. Recently, Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) and derived methods have achieved a significant performance on semantic segmentation and pixel level classification tasks. Therefore, we took benefit of the strengths of FCN approaches in order to detect text in natural scenes. In this thesis we have focused on two challenging tasks of scene text understanding which are Text Detection and Word Spotting. For the task of text detection, we have proposed an efficient text proposal technique in scene images. We have considered the Text Proposals method as the baseline which is an approach to reduce the search space of possible text regions in an image. In order to improve the Text Proposals method we combined it with Fully Convolutional Networks to efficiently reduce the number of proposals while maintaining the same level of accuracy and thus gaining a significant speed up. Our experiments demonstrate that this text proposal approach yields significantly higher recall rates than the line based text localization techniques, while also producing better-quality localization. We have also applied this technique on compressed images such as videos from wearable egocentric cameras. For the task of word spotting, we have introduced a novel mid-level word representation method. We have proposed a technique to create and exploit an intermediate representation of images based on text attributes which roughly correspond to character probability maps. Our representation extends the concept of Pyramidal Histogram Of Characters (PHOC) by exploiting Fully Convolutional Networks to derive a pixel-wise mapping of the character distribution within candidate word regions. We call this representation the Soft-PHOC. Furthermore, we show how to use Soft-PHOC descriptors for word spotting tasks through an efficient text line proposal algorithm. To evaluate the detected text, we propose a novel line based evaluation along with the classic bounding box based approach. We test our method on incidental scene text images which comprises real-life scenarios such as urban scenes. The importance of incidental scene text images is due to the complexity of backgrounds, perspective, variety of script and language, short text and little linguistic context. All of these factors together makes the incidental scene text images challenging. |
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| Address | November 2018 | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Ediciones Graficas Rey | Place of Publication | Editor | Dimosthenis Karatzas;Andrew Bagdanov | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-84-948531-1-1 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | DAG; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ Baz2018 | Serial | 3220 | ||
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| Author | Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Horst Bunke; Umapada Pal | ||||
| Title | Product graph-based higher order contextual similarities for inexact subgraph matching | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
| Volume | 76 | Issue | Pages | 596-611 | |
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| Abstract | Many algorithms formulate graph matching as an optimization of an objective function of pairwise quantification of nodes and edges of two graphs to be matched. Pairwise measurements usually consider local attributes but disregard contextual information involved in graph structures. We address this issue by proposing contextual similarities between pairs of nodes. This is done by considering the tensor product graph (TPG) of two graphs to be matched, where each node is an ordered pair of nodes of the operand graphs. Contextual similarities between a pair of nodes are computed by accumulating weighted walks (normalized pairwise similarities) terminating at the corresponding paired node in TPG. Once the contextual similarities are obtained, we formulate subgraph matching as a node and edge selection problem in TPG. We use contextual similarities to construct an objective function and optimize it with a linear programming approach. Since random walk formulation through TPG takes into account higher order information, it is not a surprise that we obtain more reliable similarities and better discrimination among the nodes and edges. Experimental results shown on synthetic as well as real benchmarks illustrate that higher order contextual similarities increase discriminating power and allow one to find approximate solutions to the subgraph matching problem. | ||||
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| Notes | DAG; 602.167; 600.097; 600.121 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ DLB2018 | Serial | 3083 | ||
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| Author | Sergio Escalera; Jordi Gonzalez; Hugo Jair Escalante; Xavier Baro; Isabelle Guyon | ||||
| Title | Looking at People Special Issue | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | International Journal of Computer Vision | Abbreviated Journal | IJCV |
| Volume | 126 | Issue | 2-4 | Pages | 141-143 |
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| Notes | HUPBA; ISE; 600.119 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ EGJ2018 | Serial | 3093 | ||
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| Author | Patrick Brandao; O. Zisimopoulos; E. Mazomenos; G. Ciutib; Jorge Bernal; M. Visentini-Scarzanell; A. Menciassi; P. Dario; A. Koulaouzidis; A. Arezzo; D.J. Hawkes; D. Stoyanov | ||||
| Title | Towards a computed-aided diagnosis system in colonoscopy: Automatic polyp segmentation using convolution neural networks | Type | Journal | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Journal of Medical Robotics Research | Abbreviated Journal | JMRR |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 2 | Pages | |
| Keywords | convolutional neural networks; colonoscopy; computer aided diagnosis | ||||
| Abstract | Early diagnosis is essential for the successful treatment of bowel cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC) and capsule endoscopic imaging with robotic actuation can be a valuable diagnostic tool when combined with automated image analysis. We present a deep learning rooted detection and segmentation framework for recognizing lesions in colonoscopy and capsule endoscopy images. We restructure established convolution architectures, such as VGG and ResNets, by converting them into fully-connected convolution networks (FCNs), ne-tune them and study their capabilities for polyp segmentation and detection. We additionally use Shape-from-Shading (SfS) to recover depth and provide a richer representation of the tissue's structure in colonoscopy images. Depth is
incorporated into our network models as an additional input channel to the RGB information and we demonstrate that the resulting network yields improved performance. Our networks are tested on publicly available datasets and the most accurate segmentation model achieved a mean segmentation IU of 47.78% and 56.95% on the ETIS-Larib and CVC-Colon datasets, respectively. For polyp detection, the top performing models we propose surpass the current state of the art with detection recalls superior to 90% for all datasets tested. To our knowledge, we present the rst work to use FCNs for polyp segmentation in addition to proposing a novel combination of SfS and RGB that boosts performance. |
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| Notes | MV; no menciona | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | BZM2018 | Serial | 2976 | ||
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| Author | Arash Akbarinia; C. Alejandro Parraga | ||||
| Title | Colour Constancy Beyond the Classical Receptive Field | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | TPAMI |
| Volume | 40 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 2081 - 2094 |
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| Abstract | The problem of removing illuminant variations to preserve the colours of objects (colour constancy) has already been solved by the human brain using mechanisms that rely largely on centre-surround computations of local contrast. In this paper we adopt some of these biological solutions described by long known physiological findings into a simple, fully automatic, functional model (termed Adaptive Surround Modulation or ASM). In ASM, the size of a visual neuron's receptive field (RF) as well as the relationship with its surround varies according to the local contrast within the stimulus, which in turn determines the nature of the centre-surround normalisation of cortical neurons higher up in the processing chain. We modelled colour constancy by means of two overlapping asymmetric Gaussian kernels whose sizes are adapted based on the contrast of the surround pixels, resembling the change of RF size. We simulated the contrast-dependent surround modulation by weighting the contribution of each Gaussian according to the centre-surround contrast. In the end, we obtained an estimation of the illuminant from the set of the most activated RFs' outputs. Our results on three single-illuminant and one multi-illuminant benchmark datasets show that ASM is highly competitive against the state-of-the-art and it even outperforms learning-based algorithms in one case. Moreover, the robustness of our model is more tangible if we consider that our results were obtained using the same parameters for all datasets, that is, mimicking how the human visual system operates. These results might provide an insight on how dynamical adaptation mechanisms contribute to make object's colours appear constant to us. | ||||
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| Notes | NEUROBIT; 600.068; 600.072 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ AkP2018a | Serial | 2990 | ||
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| Author | Arash Akbarinia; C. Alejandro Parraga | ||||
| Title | Feedback and Surround Modulated Boundary Detection | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | International Journal of Computer Vision | Abbreviated Journal | IJCV |
| Volume | 126 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 1367–1380 |
| Keywords | Boundary detection; Surround modulation; Biologically-inspired vision | ||||
| Abstract | Edges are key components of any visual scene to the extent that we can recognise objects merely by their silhouettes. The human visual system captures edge information through neurons in the visual cortex that are sensitive to both intensity discontinuities and particular orientations. The “classical approach” assumes that these cells are only responsive to the stimulus present within their receptive fields, however, recent studies demonstrate that surrounding regions and inter-areal feedback connections influence their responses significantly. In this work we propose a biologically-inspired edge detection model in which orientation selective neurons are represented through the first derivative of a Gaussian function resembling double-opponent cells in the primary visual cortex (V1). In our model we account for four kinds of receptive field surround, i.e. full, far, iso- and orthogonal-orientation, whose contributions are contrast-dependant. The output signal from V1 is pooled in its perpendicular direction by larger V2 neurons employing a contrast-variant centre-surround kernel. We further introduce a feedback connection from higher-level visual areas to the lower ones. The results of our model on three benchmark datasets show a big improvement compared to the current non-learning and biologically-inspired state-of-the-art algorithms while being competitive to the learning-based methods. | ||||
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| Notes | NEUROBIT; 600.068; 600.072 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ AkP2018b | Serial | 2991 | ||
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| Author | Hans Stadthagen-Gonzalez; Luis Lopez; M. Carmen Parafita; C. Alejandro Parraga | ||||
| Title | Using two-alternative forced choice tasks and Thurstone law of comparative judgments for code-switching research | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 67-97 | ||
| Keywords | two-alternative forced choice and Thurstone's law; acceptability judgment; code-switching | ||||
| Abstract | This article argues that 2-alternative forced choice tasks and Thurstone’s law of comparative judgments (Thurstone, 1927) are well suited to investigate code-switching competence by means of acceptability judgments. We compare this method with commonly used Likert scale judgments and find that the 2-alternative forced choice task provides granular details that remain invisible in a Likert scale experiment. In order to compare and contrast both methods, we examined the syntactic phenomenon usually referred to as the Adjacency Condition (AC) (apud Stowell, 1981), which imposes a condition of adjacency between verb and object. Our interest in the AC comes from the fact that it is a subtle feature of English grammar which is absent in Spanish, and this provides an excellent springboard to create minimal code-switched pairs that allow us to formulate a clear research question that can be tested using both methods. | ||||
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| Notes | NEUROBIT; no menciona | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ SLP2018 | Serial | 2994 | ||
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| Author | Marçal Rusiñol; J. Chazalon; Katerine Diaz | ||||
| Title | Augmented Songbook: an Augmented Reality Educational Application for Raising Music Awareness | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Multimedia Tools and Applications | Abbreviated Journal | MTAP |
| Volume | 77 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 13773-13798 |
| Keywords | Augmented reality; Document image matching; Educational applications | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents the development of an Augmented Reality mobile application which aims at sensibilizing young children to abstract concepts of music. Such concepts are, for instance, the musical notation or the idea of rhythm. Recent studies in Augmented Reality for education suggest that such technologies have multiple benefits for students, including younger ones. As mobile document image acquisition and processing gains maturity on mobile platforms, we explore how it is possible to build a markerless and real-time application to augment the physical documents with didactic animations and interactive virtual content. Given a standard image processing pipeline, we compare the performance of different local descriptors at two key stages of the process. Results suggest alternatives to the SIFT local descriptors, regarding result quality and computational efficiency, both for document model identification and perspective transform estimation. All experiments are performed on an original and public dataset we introduce here. | ||||
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| Notes | DAG; ADAS; 600.084; 600.121; 600.118; 600.129 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RCD2018 | Serial | 2996 | ||
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| Author | Laura Lopez-Fuentes; Joost Van de Weijer; Manuel Gonzalez-Hidalgo; Harald Skinnemoen; Andrew Bagdanov | ||||
| Title | Review on computer vision techniques in emergency situations | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Multimedia Tools and Applications | Abbreviated Journal | MTAP |
| Volume | 77 | Issue | 13 | Pages | 17069–17107 |
| Keywords | Emergency management; Computer vision; Decision makers; Situational awareness; Critical situation | ||||
| Abstract | In emergency situations, actions that save lives and limit the impact of hazards are crucial. In order to act, situational awareness is needed to decide what to do. Geolocalized photos and video of the situations as they evolve can be crucial in better understanding them and making decisions faster. Cameras are almost everywhere these days, either in terms of smartphones, installed CCTV cameras, UAVs or others. However, this poses challenges in big data and information overflow. Moreover, most of the time there are no disasters at any given location, so humans aiming to detect sudden situations may not be as alert as needed at any point in time. Consequently, computer vision tools can be an excellent decision support. The number of emergencies where computer vision tools has been considered or used is very wide, and there is a great overlap across related emergency research. Researchers tend to focus on state-of-the-art systems that cover the same emergency as they are studying, obviating important research in other fields. In order to unveil this overlap, the survey is divided along four main axes: the types of emergencies that have been studied in computer vision, the objective that the algorithms can address, the type of hardware needed and the algorithms used. Therefore, this review provides a broad overview of the progress of computer vision covering all sorts of emergencies. | ||||
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| Notes | LAMP; 600.068; 600.120 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ LWG2018 | Serial | 3041 | ||
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| Author | Arka Ujjal Dey; Suman Ghosh; Ernest Valveny | ||||
| Title | Don't only Feel Read: Using Scene text to understand advertisements | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | We propose a framework for automated classification of Advertisement Images, using not just Visual features but also Textual cues extracted from embedded text. Our approach takes inspiration from the assumption that Ad images contain meaningful textual content, that can provide discriminative semantic interpretetion, and can thus aid in classifcation tasks. To this end, we develop a framework using off-the-shelf components, and demonstrate the effectiveness of Textual cues in semantic Classfication tasks. | ||||
| Address | Salt Lake City; Utah; USA; June 2018 | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | CVPRW | ||
| Notes | DAG; 600.121; 600.129 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ DGV2018 | Serial | 3551 | ||
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| Author | Miguel Angel Bautista; Oriol Pujol; Fernando De la Torre; Sergio Escalera | ||||
| Title | Error-Correcting Factorization | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | TPAMI |
| Volume | 40 | Issue | Pages | 2388-2401 | |
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| Abstract | Error Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) is a successful technique in multi-class classification, which is a core problem in Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. A major advantage of ECOC over other methods is that the multi- class problem is decoupled into a set of binary problems that are solved independently. However, literature defines a general error-correcting capability for ECOCs without analyzing how it distributes among classes, hindering a deeper analysis of pair-wise error-correction. To address these limitations this paper proposes an Error-Correcting Factorization (ECF) method, our contribution is three fold: (I) We propose a novel representation of the error-correction capability, called the design matrix, that enables us to build an ECOC on the basis of allocating correction to pairs of classes. (II) We derive the optimal code length of an ECOC using rank properties of the design matrix. (III) ECF is formulated as a discrete optimization problem, and a relaxed solution is found using an efficient constrained block coordinate descent approach. (IV) Enabled by the flexibility introduced with the design matrix we propose to allocate the error-correction on classes that are prone to confusion. Experimental results in several databases show that when allocating the error-correction to confusable classes ECF outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0162-8828 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | HuPBA; no menciona | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ BPT2018 | Serial | 3015 | ||
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| Author | I. Sorodoc; S. Pezzelle; A. Herbelot; Mariella Dimiccoli; R. Bernardi | ||||
| Title | Learning quantification from images: A structured neural architecture | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Natural Language Engineering | Abbreviated Journal | NLE |
| Volume | 24 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 363-392 |
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| Abstract | Major advances have recently been made in merging language and vision representations. Most tasks considered so far have confined themselves to the processing of objects and lexicalised relations amongst objects (content words). We know, however, that humans (even pre-school children) can abstract over raw multimodal data to perform certain types of higher level reasoning, expressed in natural language by function words. A case in point is given by their ability to learn quantifiers, i.e. expressions like few, some and all. From formal semantics and cognitive linguistics, we know that quantifiers are relations over sets which, as a simplification, we can see as proportions. For instance, in most fish are red, most encodes the proportion of fish which are red fish. In this paper, we study how well current neural network strategies model such relations. We propose a task where, given an image and a query expressed by an object–property pair, the system must return a quantifier expressing which proportions of the queried object have the queried property. Our contributions are twofold. First, we show that the best performance on this task involves coupling state-of-the-art attention mechanisms with a network architecture mirroring the logical structure assigned to quantifiers by classic linguistic formalisation. Second, we introduce a new balanced dataset of image scenarios associated with quantification queries, which we hope will foster further research in this area. | ||||
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| Notes | MILAB; no menciona | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ SPH2018 | Serial | 3021 | ||
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| Author | Maedeh Aghaei; Mariella Dimiccoli; C. Canton-Ferrer; Petia Radeva | ||||
| Title | Towards social pattern characterization from egocentric photo-streams | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Computer Vision and Image Understanding | Abbreviated Journal | CVIU |
| Volume | 171 | Issue | Pages | 104-117 | |
| Keywords | Social pattern characterization; Social signal extraction; Lifelogging; Convolutional and recurrent neural networks | ||||
| Abstract | Following the increasingly popular trend of social interaction analysis in egocentric vision, this article presents a comprehensive pipeline for automatic social pattern characterization of a wearable photo-camera user. The proposed framework relies merely on the visual analysis of egocentric photo-streams and consists of three major steps. The first step is to detect social interactions of the user where the impact of several social signals on the task is explored. The detected social events are inspected in the second step for categorization into different social meetings. These two steps act at event-level where each potential social event is modeled as a multi-dimensional time-series, whose dimensions correspond to a set of relevant features for each task; finally, LSTM is employed to classify the time-series. The last step of the framework is to characterize social patterns of the user. Our goal is to quantify the duration, the diversity and the frequency of the user social relations in various social situations. This goal is achieved by the discovery of recurrences of the same people across the whole set of social events related to the user. Experimental evaluation over EgoSocialStyle – the proposed dataset in this work, and EGO-GROUP demonstrates promising results on the task of social pattern characterization from egocentric photo-streams. | ||||
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| Notes | MILAB; no proj | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ ADC2018 | Serial | 3022 | ||
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| Author | Debora Gil; Rosa Maria Ortiz; Carles Sanchez; Antoni Rosell | ||||
| Title | Objective endoscopic measurements of central airway stenosis. A pilot study | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Respiration | Abbreviated Journal | RES |
| Volume | 95 | Issue | Pages | 63–69 | |
| Keywords | Bronchoscopy; Tracheal stenosis; Airway stenosis; Computer-assisted analysis | ||||
| Abstract | Endoscopic estimation of the degree of stenosis in central airway obstruction is subjective and highly variable. Objective: To determine the benefits of using SENSA (System for Endoscopic Stenosis Assessment), an image-based computational software, for obtaining objective stenosis index (SI) measurements among a group of expert bronchoscopists and general pulmonologists. Methods: A total of 7 expert bronchoscopists and 7 general pulmonologists were enrolled to validate SENSA usage. The SI obtained by the physicians and by SENSA were compared with a reference SI to set their precision in SI computation. We used SENSA to efficiently obtain this reference SI in 11 selected cases of benign stenosis. A Web platform with three user-friendly microtasks was designed to gather the data. The users had to visually estimate the SI from videos with and without contours of the normal and the obstructed area provided by SENSA. The users were able to modify the SENSA contours to define the reference SI using morphometric bronchoscopy. Results: Visual SI estimation accuracy was associated with neither bronchoscopic experience (p = 0.71) nor the contours of the normal and the obstructed area provided by the system (p = 0.13). The precision of the SI by SENSA was 97.7% (95% CI: 92.4-103.7), which is significantly better than the precision of the SI by visual estimation (p < 0.001), with an improvement by at least 15%. Conclusion: SENSA provides objective SI measurements with a precision of up to 99.5%, which can be calculated from any bronchoscope using an affordable scalable interface. Providing normal and obstructed contours on bronchoscopic videos does not improve physicians' visual estimation of the SI. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | IAM; 600.075; 600.096; 600.145 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ GOS2018 | Serial | 3043 | ||
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