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| Author | Parichehr Behjati; Pau Rodriguez; Carles Fernandez; Isabelle Hupont; Armin Mehri; Jordi Gonzalez | ||||
| Title | Single image super-resolution based on directional variance attention network | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal  |
PR |
| Volume | 133 | Issue | Pages | 108997 | |
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| Abstract | Recent advances in single image super-resolution (SISR) explore the power of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to achieve better performance. However, most of the progress has been made by scaling CNN architectures, which usually raise computational demands and memory consumption. This makes modern architectures less applicable in practice. In addition, most CNN-based SR methods do not fully utilize the informative hierarchical features that are helpful for final image recovery. In order to address these issues, we propose a directional variance attention network (DiVANet), a computationally efficient yet accurate network for SISR. Specifically, we introduce a novel directional variance attention (DiVA) mechanism to capture long-range spatial dependencies and exploit inter-channel dependencies simultaneously for more discriminative representations. Furthermore, we propose a residual attention feature group (RAFG) for parallelizing attention and residual block computation. The output of each residual block is linearly fused at the RAFG output to provide access to the whole feature hierarchy. In parallel, DiVA extracts most relevant features from the network for improving the final output and preventing information loss along the successive operations inside the network. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of DiVANet over the state of the art in several datasets, while maintaining relatively low computation and memory footprint. The code is available at https://github.com/pbehjatii/DiVANet. | ||||
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| Notes | ISE | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ BPF2023 | Serial | 3861 | ||
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| Author | Xavier Soria; Angel Sappa; Patricio Humanante; Arash Akbarinia | ||||
| Title | Dense extreme inception network for edge detection | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal |
PR |
| Volume | 139 | Issue | Pages | 109461 | |
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| Abstract | Edge detection is the basis of many computer vision applications. State of the art predominantly relies on deep learning with two decisive factors: dataset content and network architecture. Most of the publicly available datasets are not curated for edge detection tasks. Here, we address this limitation. First, we argue that edges, contours and boundaries, despite their overlaps, are three distinct visual features requiring separate benchmark datasets. To this end, we present a new dataset of edges. Second, we propose a novel architecture, termed Dense Extreme Inception Network for Edge Detection (DexiNed), that can be trained from scratch without any pre-trained weights. DexiNed outperforms other algorithms in the presented dataset. It also generalizes well to other datasets without any fine-tuning. The higher quality of DexiNed is also perceptually evident thanks to the sharper and finer edges it outputs. | ||||
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| Notes | MSIAU | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ SSH2023 | Serial | 3982 | ||
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| Author | Iban Berganzo-Besga; Hector A. Orengo; Felipe Lumbreras; Aftab Alam; Rosie Campbell; Petrus J Gerrits; Jonas Gregorio de Souza; Afifa Khan; Maria Suarez Moreno; Jack Tomaney; Rebecca C Roberts; Cameron A Petrie | ||||
| Title | Curriculum learning-based strategy for low-density archaeological mound detection from historical maps in India and Pakistan | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Scientific Reports | Abbreviated Journal |
ScR |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | Pages | 11257 | |
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| Abstract | This paper presents two algorithms for the large-scale automatic detection and instance segmentation of potential archaeological mounds on historical maps. Historical maps present a unique source of information for the reconstruction of ancient landscapes. The last 100 years have seen unprecedented landscape modifications with the introduction and large-scale implementation of mechanised agriculture, channel-based irrigation schemes, and urban expansion to name but a few. Historical maps offer a window onto disappearing landscapes where many historical and archaeological elements that no longer exist today are depicted. The algorithms focus on the detection and shape extraction of mound features with high probability of being archaeological settlements, mounds being one of the most commonly documented archaeological features to be found in the Survey of India historical map series, although not necessarily recognised as such at the time of surveying. Mound features with high archaeological potential are most commonly depicted through hachures or contour-equivalent form-lines, therefore, an algorithm has been designed to detect each of those features. Our proposed approach addresses two of the most common issues in archaeological automated survey, the low-density of archaeological features to be detected, and the small amount of training data available. It has been applied to all types of maps available of the historic 1″ to 1-mile series, thus increasing the complexity of the detection. Moreover, the inclusion of synthetic data, along with a Curriculum Learning strategy, has allowed the algorithm to better understand what the mound features look like. Likewise, a series of filters based on topographic setting, form, and size have been applied to improve the accuracy of the models. The resulting algorithms have a recall value of 52.61% and a precision of 82.31% for the hachure mounds, and a recall value of 70.80% and a precision of 70.29% for the form-line mounds, which allowed the detection of nearly 6000 mound features over an area of 470,500 km2, the largest such approach to have ever been applied. If we restrict our focus to the maps most similar to those used in the algorithm training, we reach recall values greater than 60% and precision values greater than 90%. This approach has shown the potential to implement an adaptive algorithm that allows, after a small amount of retraining with data detected from a new map, a better general mound feature detection in the same map. | ||||
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| Notes | MSIAU | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ BOL2023 | Serial | 3976 | ||
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| Author | Jose Luis Gomez; Gabriel Villalonga; Antonio Lopez | ||||
| Title | Co-Training for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation of Semantic Segmentation Models | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Sensors – Special Issue on “Machine Learning for Autonomous Driving Perception and Prediction” | Abbreviated Journal |
SENS |
| Volume | 23 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 621 |
| Keywords | Domain adaptation; semi-supervised learning; Semantic segmentation; Autonomous driving | ||||
| Abstract | Semantic image segmentation is a central and challenging task in autonomous driving, addressed by training deep models. Since this training draws to a curse of human-based image labeling, using synthetic images with automatically generated labels together with unlabeled real-world images is a promising alternative. This implies to address an unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) problem. In this paper, we propose a new co-training procedure for synth-to-real UDA of semantic
segmentation models. It consists of a self-training stage, which provides two domain-adapted models, and a model collaboration loop for the mutual improvement of these two models. These models are then used to provide the final semantic segmentation labels (pseudo-labels) for the real-world images. The overall procedure treats the deep models as black boxes and drives their collaboration at the level of pseudo-labeled target images, i.e., neither modifying loss functions is required, nor explicit feature alignment. We test our proposal on standard synthetic and real-world datasets for on-board semantic segmentation. Our procedure shows improvements ranging from ∼13 to ∼26 mIoU points over baselines, so establishing new state-of-the-art results. |
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| Notes | ADAS; no proj | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ GVL2023 | Serial | 3705 | ||
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| Author | Chengyi Zou; Shuai Wan; Tiannan Ji; Marc Gorriz Blanch; Marta Mrak; Luis Herranz | ||||
| Title | Chroma Intra Prediction with Lightweight Attention-Based Neural Networks | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology | Abbreviated Journal |
TCSVT |
| Volume | 34 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 549 - 560 |
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| Abstract | Neural networks can be successfully used for cross-component prediction in video coding. In particular, attention-based architectures are suitable for chroma intra prediction using luma information because of their capability to model relations between difierent channels. However, the complexity of such methods is still very high and should be further reduced, especially for decoding. In this paper, a cost-effective attention-based neural network is designed for chroma intra prediction. Moreover, with the goal of further improving coding performance, a novel approach is introduced to utilize more boundary information effectively. In addition to improving prediction, a simplification methodology is also proposed to reduce inference complexity by simplifying convolutions. The proposed schemes are integrated into H.266/Versatile Video Coding (VVC) pipeline, and only one additional binary block-level syntax flag is introduced to indicate whether a given block makes use of the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves up to −0.46%/−2.29%/−2.17% BD-rate reduction on Y/Cb/Cr components, respectively, compared with H.266/VVC anchor. Reductions in the encoding and decoding complexity of up to 22% and 61%, respectively, are achieved by the proposed scheme with respect to the previous attention-based chroma intra prediction method while maintaining coding performance. | ||||
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| Notes | MACO; LAMP | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ ZWJ2023 | Serial | 3875 | ||
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| Author | Wenjuan Gong; Yue Zhang; Wei Wang; Peng Cheng; Jordi Gonzalez | ||||
| Title | Meta-MMFNet: Meta-learning-based Multi-model Fusion Network for Micro-expression Recognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications | Abbreviated Journal |
TMCCA |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 1–20 |
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| Abstract | Despite its wide applications in criminal investigations and clinical communications with patients suffering from autism, automatic micro-expression recognition remains a challenging problem because of the lack of training data and imbalanced classes problems. In this study, we proposed a meta-learning-based multi-model fusion network (Meta-MMFNet) to solve the existing problems. The proposed method is based on the metric-based meta-learning pipeline, which is specifically designed for few-shot learning and is suitable for model-level fusion. The frame difference and optical flow features were fused, deep features were extracted from the fused feature, and finally in the meta-learning-based framework, weighted sum model fusion method was applied for micro-expression classification. Meta-MMFNet achieved better results than state-of-the-art methods on four datasets. The code is available at https://github.com/wenjgong/meta-fusion-based-method. | ||||
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| Notes | ISE | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ GZW2023 | Serial | 3862 | ||
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| Author | Diego Velazquez; Pau Rodriguez; Alexandre Lacoste; Issam H. Laradji; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez | ||||
| Title | Evaluating Counterfactual Explainers | Type | Journal | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Transactions on Machine Learning Research | Abbreviated Journal |
TMLR |
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| Keywords | Explainability; Counterfactuals; XAI | ||||
| Abstract | Explainability methods have been widely used to provide insight into the decisions made by statistical models, thus facilitating their adoption in various domains within the industry. Counterfactual explanation methods aim to improve our understanding of a model by perturbing samples in a way that would alter its response in an unexpected manner. This information is helpful for users and for machine learning practitioners to understand and improve their models. Given the value provided by counterfactual explanations, there is a growing interest in the research community to investigate and propose new methods. However, we identify two issues that could hinder the progress in this field. (1) Existing metrics do not accurately reflect the value of an explainability method for the users. (2) Comparisons between methods are usually performed with datasets like CelebA, where images are annotated with attributes that do not fully describe them and with subjective attributes such as ``Attractive''. In this work, we address these problems by proposing an evaluation method with a principled metric to evaluate and compare different counterfactual explanation methods. The evaluation method is based on a synthetic dataset where images are fully described by their annotated attributes. As a result, we are able to perform a fair comparison of multiple explainability methods in the recent literature, obtaining insights about their performance. We make the code public for the benefit of the research community. | ||||
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| Notes | ISE | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ VRL2023 | Serial | 3891 | ||
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| Author | Swathikiran Sudhakaran; Sergio Escalera; Oswald Lanz | ||||
| Title | Gate-Shift-Fuse for Video Action Recognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal |
TPAMI |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 10913-10928 |
| Keywords | Action Recognition; Video Classification; Spatial Gating; Channel Fusion | ||||
| Abstract | Convolutional Neural Networks are the de facto models for image recognition. However 3D CNNs, the straight forward extension of 2D CNNs for video recognition, have not achieved the same success on standard action recognition benchmarks. One of the main reasons for this reduced performance of 3D CNNs is the increased computational complexity requiring large scale annotated datasets to train them in scale. 3D kernel factorization approaches have been proposed to reduce the complexity of 3D CNNs. Existing kernel factorization approaches follow hand-designed and hard-wired techniques. In this paper we propose Gate-Shift-Fuse (GSF), a novel spatio-temporal feature extraction module which controls interactions in spatio-temporal decomposition and learns to adaptively route features through time and combine them in a data dependent manner. GSF leverages grouped spatial gating to decompose input tensor and channel weighting to fuse the decomposed tensors. GSF can be inserted into existing 2D CNNs to convert them into an efficient and high performing spatio-temporal feature extractor, with negligible parameter and compute overhead. We perform an extensive analysis of GSF using two popular 2D CNN families and achieve state-of-the-art or competitive performance on five standard action recognition benchmarks. | ||||
| Address | 1 Sept. 2023 | ||||
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| Notes | HUPBA; no menciona | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ SEL2023 | Serial | 3814 | ||
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| Author | Javier Selva; Anders S. Johansen; Sergio Escalera; Kamal Nasrollahi; Thomas B. Moeslund; Albert Clapes | ||||
| Title | Video transformers: A survey | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal |
TPAMI |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 12922-12943 |
| Keywords | Artificial Intelligence; Computer Vision; Self-Attention; Transformers; Video Representations | ||||
| Abstract | Transformer models have shown great success handling long-range interactions, making them a promising tool for modeling video. However, they lack inductive biases and scale quadratically with input length. These limitations are further exacerbated when dealing with the high dimensionality introduced by the temporal dimension. While there are surveys analyzing the advances of Transformers for vision, none focus on an in-depth analysis of video-specific designs. In this survey, we analyze the main contributions and trends of works leveraging Transformers to model video. Specifically, we delve into how videos are handled at the input level first. Then, we study the architectural changes made to deal with video more efficiently, reduce redundancy, re-introduce useful inductive biases, and capture long-term temporal dynamics. In addition, we provide an overview of different training regimes and explore effective self-supervised learning strategies for video. Finally, we conduct a performance comparison on the most common benchmark for Video Transformers (i.e., action classification), finding them to outperform 3D ConvNets even with less computational complexity. | ||||
| Address | 1 Nov. 2023 | ||||
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| Notes | HUPBA; no menciona | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ SJE2023 | Serial | 3823 | ||
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| Author | Akshita Gupta; Sanath Narayan; Salman Khan; Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Ling Shao; Joost Van de Weijer | ||||
| Title | Generative Multi-Label Zero-Shot Learning | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal |
TPAMI |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 14611-14624 |
| Keywords | Generalized zero-shot learning; Multi-label classification; Zero-shot object detection; Feature synthesis | ||||
| Abstract | Multi-label zero-shot learning strives to classify images into multiple unseen categories for which no data is available during training. The test samples can additionally contain seen categories in the generalized variant. Existing approaches rely on learning either shared or label-specific attention from the seen classes. Nevertheless, computing reliable attention maps for unseen classes during inference in a multi-label setting is still a challenge. In contrast, state-of-the-art single-label generative adversarial network (GAN) based approaches learn to directly synthesize the class-specific visual features from the corresponding class attribute embeddings. However, synthesizing multi-label features from GANs is still unexplored in the context of zero-shot setting. When multiple objects occur jointly in a single image, a critical question is how to effectively fuse multi-class information. In this work, we introduce different fusion approaches at the attribute-level, feature-level and cross-level (across attribute and feature-levels) for synthesizing multi-label features from their corresponding multi-label class embeddings. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to tackle the problem of multi-label feature synthesis in the (generalized) zero-shot setting. Our cross-level fusion-based generative approach outperforms the state-of-the-art on three zero-shot benchmarks: NUS-WIDE, Open Images and MS COCO. Furthermore, we show the generalization capabilities of our fusion approach in the zero-shot detection task on MS COCO, achieving favorable performance against existing methods. | ||||
| Address | December 2023 | ||||
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| Notes | LAMP; PID2021-128178OB-I00 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ | Serial | 3853 | ||
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| Author | Shiqi Yang; Yaxing Wang; Joost Van de Weijer; Luis Herranz; Shangling Jui; Jian Yang | ||||
| Title | Trust Your Good Friends: Source-Free Domain Adaptation by Reciprocal Neighborhood Clustering | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal |
TPAMI |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 15883-15895 |
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| Abstract | Domain adaptation (DA) aims to alleviate the domain shift between source domain and target domain. Most DA methods require access to the source data, but often that is not possible (e.g., due to data privacy or intellectual property). In this paper, we address the challenging source-free domain adaptation (SFDA) problem, where the source pretrained model is adapted to the target domain in the absence of source data. Our method is based on the observation that target data, which might not align with the source domain classifier, still forms clear clusters. We capture this intrinsic structure by defining local affinity of the target data, and encourage label consistency among data with high local affinity. We observe that higher affinity should be assigned to reciprocal neighbors. To aggregate information with more context, we consider expanded neighborhoods with small affinity values. Furthermore, we consider the density around each target sample, which can alleviate the negative impact of potential outliers. In the experimental results we verify that the inherent structure of the target features is an important source of information for domain adaptation. We demonstrate that this local structure can be efficiently captured by considering the local neighbors, the reciprocal neighbors, and the expanded neighborhood. Finally, we achieve state-of-the-art performance on several 2D image and 3D point cloud recognition datasets. | ||||
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| Notes | LAMP; MACO | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ YWW2023 | Serial | 3889 | ||
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