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Author | Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman; Jean-Yves Ramel; Josep Llados; Thierry Brouard | ||||
Title | Fuzzy Multilevel Graph Embedding | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 551-565 |
Keywords | Pattern recognition; Graphics recognition; Graph clustering; Graph classification; Explicit graph embedding; Fuzzy logic | ||||
Abstract | Structural pattern recognition approaches offer the most expressive, convenient, powerful but computational expensive representations of underlying relational information. To benefit from mature, less expensive and efficient state-of-the-art machine learning models of statistical pattern recognition they must be mapped to a low-dimensional vector space. Our method of explicit graph embedding bridges the gap between structural and statistical pattern recognition. We extract the topological, structural and attribute information from a graph and encode numeric details by fuzzy histograms and symbolic details by crisp histograms. The histograms are concatenated to achieve a simple and straightforward embedding of graph into a low-dimensional numeric feature vector. Experimentation on standard public graph datasets shows that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods of graph embedding for richly attributed graphs. | ||||
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Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 0031-3203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | DAG; 600.042; 600.045; 605.203 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ LRL2013a | Serial | 2270 | ||
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Author | Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Umapada Pal | ||||
Title | A symbol spotting approach in graphical documents by hashing serialized graphs | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 752-768 |
Keywords | Symbol spotting; Graphics recognition; Graph matching; Graph serialization; Graph factorization; Graph paths; Hashing | ||||
Abstract | In this paper we propose a symbol spotting technique in graphical documents. Graphs are used to represent the documents and a (sub)graph matching technique is used to detect the symbols in them. We propose a graph serialization to reduce the usual computational complexity of graph matching. Serialization of graphs is performed by computing acyclic graph paths between each pair of connected nodes. Graph paths are one-dimensional structures of graphs which are less expensive in terms of computation. At the same time they enable robust localization even in the presence of noise and distortion. Indexing in large graph databases involves a computational burden as well. We propose a graph factorization approach to tackle this problem. Factorization is intended to create a unified indexed structure over the database of graphical documents. Once graph paths are extracted, the entire database of graphical documents is indexed in hash tables by locality sensitive hashing (LSH) of shape descriptors of the paths. The hashing data structure aims to execute an approximate k-NN search in a sub-linear time. We have performed detailed experiments with various datasets of line drawings and compared our method with the state-of-the-art works. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our technique. | ||||
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Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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ISSN | 0031-3203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | DAG; 600.042; 600.045; 605.203; 601.152 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ DLP2012 | Serial | 2127 | ||
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Author | Olivier Penacchio; Xavier Otazu; Laura Dempere-Marco | ||||
Title | A Neurodynamical Model of Brightness Induction in V1 | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | PloS ONE | Abbreviated Journal | Plos |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 5 | Pages | e64086 |
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Abstract | Brightness induction is the modulation of the perceived intensity of an area by the luminance of surrounding areas. Recent neurophysiological evidence suggests that brightness information might be explicitly represented in V1, in contrast to the more common assumption that the striate cortex is an area mostly responsive to sensory information. Here we investigate possible neural mechanisms that offer a plausible explanation for such phenomenon. To this end, a neurodynamical model which is based on neurophysiological evidence and focuses on the part of V1 responsible for contextual influences is presented. The proposed computational model successfully accounts for well known psychophysical effects for static contexts and also for brightness induction in dynamic contexts defined by modulating the luminance of surrounding areas. This work suggests that intra-cortical interactions in V1 could, at least partially, explain brightness induction effects and reveals how a common general architecture may account for several different fundamental processes, such as visual saliency and brightness induction, which emerge early in the visual processing pathway. | ||||
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Notes | CIC | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ POD2013 | Serial | 2242 | ||
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Author | A.S. Coquel; Jean-Pascal Jacob; M. Primet; A. Demarez; Mariella Dimiccoli; T. Julou; L. Moisan; A. Lindner; H. Berry | ||||
Title | Localization of protein aggregation in Escherichia coli is governed by diffusion and nucleoid macromolecular crowding effect | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Plos Computational Biology | Abbreviated Journal | PCB |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 4 | Pages | |
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Abstract | Aggregates of misfolded proteins are a hallmark of many age-related diseases. Recently, they have been linked to aging of Escherichia coli (E. coli) where protein aggregates accumulate at the old pole region of the aging bacterium. Because of the potential of E. coli as a model organism, elucidating aging and protein aggregation in this bacterium may pave the way to significant advances in our global understanding of aging. A first obstacle along this path is to decipher the mechanisms by which protein aggregates are targeted to specific intercellular locations. Here, using an integrated approach based on individual-based modeling, time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and automated image analysis, we show that the movement of aging-related protein aggregates in E. coli is purely diffusive (Brownian). Using single-particle tracking of protein aggregates in live E. coli cells, we estimated the average size and diffusion constant of the aggregates. Our results provide evidence that the aggregates passively diffuse within the cell, with diffusion constants that depend on their size in agreement with the Stokes-Einstein law. However, the aggregate displacements along the cell long axis are confined to a region that roughly corresponds to the nucleoid-free space in the cell pole, thus confirming the importance of increased macromolecular crowding in the nucleoids. We thus used 3D individual-based modeling to show that these three ingredients (diffusion, aggregation and diffusion hindrance in the nucleoids) are sufficient and necessary to reproduce the available experimental data on aggregate localization in the cells. Taken together, our results strongly support the hypothesis that the localization of aging-related protein aggregates in the poles of E. coli results from the coupling of passive diffusion-aggregation with spatially non-homogeneous macromolecular crowding. They further support the importance of “soft” intracellular structuring (based on macromolecular crowding) in diffusion-based protein localization in E. coli. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | : Stanislav Shvartsman, Princeton University, United States of America | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Admin @ si @CJP2013 | Serial | 2786 | ||
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Author | Ivan Huerta; Ariel Amato; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez | ||||
Title | Exploiting Multiple Cues in Motion Segmentation Based on Background Subtraction | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Neurocomputing | Abbreviated Journal | NEUCOM |
Volume | 100 | Issue | Pages | 183–196 | |
Keywords | Motion segmentation; Shadow suppression; Colour segmentation; Edge segmentation; Ghost detection; Background subtraction | ||||
Abstract | This paper presents a novel algorithm for mobile-object segmentation from static background scenes, which is both robust and accurate under most of the common problems found in motionsegmentation. In our first contribution, a case analysis of motionsegmentation errors is presented taking into account the inaccuracies associated with different cues, namely colour, edge and intensity. Our second contribution is an hybrid architecture which copes with the main issues observed in the case analysis by fusing the knowledge from the aforementioned three cues and a temporal difference algorithm. On one hand, we enhance the colour and edge models to solve not only global and local illumination changes (i.e. shadows and highlights) but also the camouflage in intensity. In addition, local information is also exploited to solve the camouflage in chroma. On the other hand, the intensity cue is applied when colour and edge cues are not available because their values are beyond the dynamic range. Additionally, temporal difference scheme is included to segment motion where those three cues cannot be reliably computed, for example in those background regions not visible during the training period. Lastly, our approach is extended for handling ghost detection. The proposed method obtains very accurate and robust motionsegmentation results in multiple indoor and outdoor scenarios, while outperforming the most-referred state-of-art approaches. | ||||
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Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Notes | ISE | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ HAR2013 | Serial | 1808 | ||
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Author | Bogdan Raducanu; Fadi Dornaika | ||||
Title | Texture-independent recognition of facial expressions in image snapshots and videos | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Machine Vision and Applications | Abbreviated Journal | MVA |
Volume | 24 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 811-820 |
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Abstract | This paper addresses the static and dynamic recognition of basic facial expressions. It has two main contributions. First, we introduce a view- and texture-independent scheme that exploits facial action parameters estimated by an appearance-based 3D face tracker. We represent the learned facial actions associated with different facial expressions by time series. Second, we compare this dynamic scheme with a static one based on analyzing individual snapshots and show that the former performs better than the latter. We provide evaluations of performance using three subspace learning techniques: linear discriminant analysis, non-parametric discriminant analysis and support vector machines. | ||||
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Publisher | Springer-Verlag | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0932-8092 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | OR; 600.046; 605.203;MV | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ RaD2013 | Serial | 2230 | ||
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Author | Sergio Vera; Debora Gil; Agnes Borras; Marius George Linguraru; Miguel Angel Gonzalez Ballester | ||||
Title | Geometric Steerable Medial Maps | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Machine Vision and Applications | Abbreviated Journal | MVA |
Volume | 24 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1255-1266 |
Keywords | Medial Representations ,Medial Manifolds Comparation , Surface , Reconstruction | ||||
Abstract | In order to provide more intuitive and easily interpretable representations of complex shapes/organs, medial manifolds should reach a compromise between simplicity in geometry and capability for restoring the anatomy/shape of the organ/volume. Existing morphological methods show excellent results when applied to 2D objects, but their quality drops across dimensions.
This paper contributes to the computation of medial manifolds in two aspects. First, we provide a standard scheme for the computation of medial manifolds that avoids degenerated medial axis segments. Second, we introduce a continuous operator for accurate and efficient computation of medial structures of arbitrary dimension. We evaluate quantitatively the performance of our method with respect to existing approaches, by applying them to syn- thetic shapes of known medial geometry. We also show its higher performance for medical imaging applications in terms of simplicity of medial structures and capability for reconstructing the anatomical volume. |
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Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Editor | Mubarak Shah | |
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ISSN | 0932-8092 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | IAM; 605.203; 600.060; 600.044 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | IAM @ iam @ VGB2013 | Serial | 2192 | ||
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Author | Juan Ramon Terven Salinas; Joaquin Salas; Bogdan Raducanu | ||||
Title | Estado del Arte en Sistemas de Vision Artificial para Personas Invidentes | Type | Journal | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Komputer Sapiens | Abbreviated Journal | KS |
Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages | 20-25 | |
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Notes | OR;MV | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ TSR2013 | Serial | 2231 | ||
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Author | Jordi Roca; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell | ||||
Title | Chromatic settings and the structural color constancy index | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Vision | Abbreviated Journal | JV |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 4-3 | Pages | 1-26 |
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Abstract | Color constancy is usually measured by achromatic setting, asymmetric matching, or color naming paradigms, whose results are interpreted in terms of indexes and models that arguably do not capture the full complexity of the phenomenon. Here we propose a new paradigm, chromatic setting, which allows a more comprehensive characterization of color constancy through the measurement of multiple points in color space under immersive adaptation. We demonstrated its feasibility by assessing the consistency of subjects' responses over time. The paradigm was applied to two-dimensional (2-D) Mondrian stimuli under three different illuminants, and the results were used to fit a set of linear color constancy models. The use of multiple colors improved the precision of more complex linear models compared to the popular diagonal model computed from gray. Our results show that a diagonal plus translation matrix that models mechanisms other than cone gain might be best suited to explain the phenomenon. Additionally, we calculated a number of color constancy indices for several points in color space, and our results suggest that interrelations among colors are not as uniform as previously believed. To account for this variability, we developed a new structural color constancy index that takes into account the magnitude and orientation of the chromatic shift in addition to the interrelations among colors and memory effects. | ||||
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Notes | CIC; 600.052; 600.051; 605.203 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ RPV2013 | Serial | 2288 | ||
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Author | Naveen Onkarappa; Angel Sappa | ||||
Title | A Novel Space Variant Image Representation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision | Abbreviated Journal | JMIV |
Volume | 47 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 48-59 |
Keywords | Space-variant representation; Log-polar mapping; Onboard vision applications | ||||
Abstract | Traditionally, in machine vision images are represented using cartesian coordinates with uniform sampling along the axes. On the contrary, biological vision systems represent images using polar coordinates with non-uniform sampling. For various advantages provided by space-variant representations many researchers are interested in space-variant computer vision. In this direction the current work proposes a novel and simple space variant representation of images. The proposed representation is compared with the classical log-polar mapping. The log-polar representation is motivated by biological vision having the characteristic of higher resolution at the fovea and reduced resolution at the periphery. On the contrary to the log-polar, the proposed new representation has higher resolution at the periphery and lower resolution at the fovea. Our proposal is proved to be a better representation in navigational scenarios such as driver assistance systems and robotics. The experimental results involve analysis of optical flow fields computed on both proposed and log-polar representations. Additionally, an egomotion estimation application is also shown as an illustrative example. The experimental analysis comprises results from synthetic as well as real sequences. | ||||
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Publisher | Springer US | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0924-9907 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | ADAS; 600.055; 605.203; 601.215 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ OnS2013a | Serial | 2243 | ||
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Author | Mariella Dimiccoli; Benoît Girard; Alain Berthoz; Daniel Bennequin | ||||
Title | Striola Magica: a functional explanation of otolith organs | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Computational Neuroscience | Abbreviated Journal | JCN |
Volume | 35 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 125-154 |
Keywords | Otolith organs ;Striola; Vestibular pathway | ||||
Abstract | Otolith end organs of vertebrates sense linear accelerations of the head and gravitation. The hair cells on their epithelia are responsible for transduction. In mammals, the striola, parallel to the line where hair cells reverse their polarization, is a narrow region centered on a curve with curvature and torsion. It has been shown that the striolar region is functionally different from the rest, being involved in a phasic vestibular pathway. We propose a mathematical and computational model that explains the necessity of this amazing geometry for the striola to be able to carry out its function. Our hypothesis, related to the biophysics of the hair cells and to the physiology of their afferent neurons, is that striolar afferents collect information from several type I hair cells to detect the jerk in a large domain of acceleration directions. This predicts a mean number of two calyces for afferent neurons, as measured in rodents. The domain of acceleration directions sensed by our striolar model is compatible with the experimental results obtained on monkeys considering all afferents. Therefore, the main result of our study is that phasic and tonic vestibular afferents cover the same geometrical fields, but at different dynamical and frequency domains. | ||||
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Publisher | Springer US | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 1573-6873. 2013 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | MILAB | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @DBG2013 | Serial | 2787 | ||
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Author | Francisco Javier Orozco; Ognjen Rudovic; Jordi Gonzalez; Maja Pantic | ||||
Title | Hierarchical On-line Appearance-Based Tracking for 3D Head Pose, Eyebrows, Lips, Eyelids and Irises | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Image and Vision Computing | Abbreviated Journal | IMAVIS |
Volume | 31 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 322-340 |
Keywords | On-line appearance models; Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm; Line-search optimization; 3D face tracking; Facial action tracking; Eyelid tracking; Iris tracking | ||||
Abstract | In this paper, we propose an On-line Appearance-Based Tracker (OABT) for simultaneous tracking of 3D head pose, lips, eyebrows, eyelids and irises in monocular video sequences. In contrast to previously proposed tracking approaches, which deal with face and gaze tracking separately, our OABT can also be used for eyelid and iris tracking, as well as 3D head pose, lips and eyebrows facial actions tracking. Furthermore, our approach applies an on-line learning of changes in the appearance of the tracked target. Hence, the prior training of appearance models, which usually requires a large amount of labeled facial images, is avoided. Moreover, the proposed method is built upon a hierarchical combination of three OABTs, which are optimized using a Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) enhanced with line-search procedures. This, in turn, makes the proposed method robust to changes in lighting conditions, occlusions and translucent textures, as evidenced by our experiments. Finally, the proposed method achieves head and facial actions tracking in real-time. | ||||
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Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | ISE; 605.203; 302.012; 302.018; 600.049 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | ORG2013 | Serial | 2221 | ||
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Author | Jaume Gibert; Ernest Valveny; Horst Bunke | ||||
Title | Embedding of Graphs with Discrete Attributes Via Label Frequencies | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | IJPRAI |
Volume | 27 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 1360002-1360029 |
Keywords | Discrete attributed graphs; graph embedding; graph classification | ||||
Abstract | Graph-based representations of patterns are very flexible and powerful, but they are not easily processed due to the lack of learning algorithms in the domain of graphs. Embedding a graph into a vector space solves this problem since graphs are turned into feature vectors and thus all the statistical learning machinery becomes available for graph input patterns. In this work we present a new way of embedding discrete attributed graphs into vector spaces using node and edge label frequencies. The methodology is experimentally tested on graph classification problems, using patterns of different nature, and it is shown to be competitive to state-of-the-art classification algorithms for graphs, while being computationally much more efficient. | ||||
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Notes | DAG | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ GVB2013 | Serial | 2305 | ||
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Author | Santiago Segui; Laura Igual; Jordi Vitria | ||||
Title | Bagged One Class Classifiers in the Presence of Outliers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | IJPRAI |
Volume | 27 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1350014-1350035 |
Keywords | One-class Classifier; Ensemble Methods; Bagging and Outliers | ||||
Abstract | The problem of training classifiers only with target data arises in many applications where non-target data are too costly, difficult to obtain, or not available at all. Several one-class classification methods have been presented to solve this problem, but most of the methods are highly sensitive to the presence of outliers in the target class. Ensemble methods have therefore been proposed as a powerful way to improve the classification performance of binary/multi-class learning algorithms by introducing diversity into classifiers.
However, their application to one-class classification has been rather limited. In this paper, we present a new ensemble method based on a non-parametric weighted bagging strategy for one-class classification, to improve accuracy in the presence of outliers. While the standard bagging strategy assumes a uniform data distribution, the method we propose here estimates a probability density based on a forest structure of the data. This assumption allows the estimation of data distribution from the computation of simple univariate and bivariate kernel densities. Experiments using original and noisy versions of 20 different datasets show that bagging ensemble methods applied to different one-class classifiers outperform base one-class classification methods. Moreover, we show that, in noisy versions of the datasets, the non-parametric weighted bagging strategy we propose outperforms the classical bagging strategy in a statistically significant way. |
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Notes | OR; 600.046;MV | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ SIV2013 | Serial | 2256 | ||
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Author | Jasper Uilings; Koen E.A. van de Sande; Theo Gevers; Arnold Smeulders | ||||
Title | Selective Search for Object Recognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | International Journal of Computer Vision | Abbreviated Journal | IJCV |
Volume | 104 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 154-171 |
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Abstract | This paper addresses the problem of generating possible object locations for use in object recognition. We introduce selective search which combines the strength of both an exhaustive search and segmentation. Like segmentation, we use the image structure to guide our sampling process. Like exhaustive search, we aim to capture all possible object locations. Instead of a single technique to generate possible object locations, we diversify our search and use a variety of complementary image partitionings to deal with as many image conditions as possible. Our selective search results in a small set of data-driven, class-independent, high quality locations, yielding 99 % recall and a Mean Average Best Overlap of 0.879 at 10,097 locations. The reduced number of locations compared to an exhaustive search enables the use of stronger machine learning techniques and stronger appearance models for object recognition. In this paper we show that our selective search enables the use of the powerful Bag-of-Words model for recognition. The selective search software is made publicly available (Software: http://disi.unitn.it/~uijlings/SelectiveSearch.html). | ||||
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ISSN | 0920-5691 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | ALTRES;ISE | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ USG2013 | Serial | 2362 | ||
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