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Joost Van de Weijer, Robert Benavente, Maria Vanrell, Cordelia Schmid, Ramon Baldrich, Jacob Verbeek, et al. (2012). Color Naming. In Theo Gevers, Arjan Gijsenij, Joost Van de Weijer, & Jan-Mark Geusebroek (Eds.), Color in Computer Vision: Fundamentals and Applications (pp. 287–317). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Xavier Perez Sala, Laura Igual, Sergio Escalera, & Cecilio Angulo. (2012). Uniform Sampling of Rotations for Discrete and Continuous Learning of 2D Shape Models. In Vision Robotics: Technologies for Machine Learning and Vision Applications (pp. 23–42). IGI-Global.
Abstract: Different methodologies of uniform sampling over the rotation group, SO(3), for building unbiased 2D shape models from 3D objects are introduced and reviewed in this chapter. State-of-the-art non uniform sampling approaches are discussed, and uniform sampling methods using Euler angles and quaternions are introduced. Moreover, since presented work is oriented to model building applications, it is not limited to general discrete methods to obtain uniform 3D rotations, but also from a continuous point of view in the case of Procrustes Analysis.
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Laura Igual, Joan Carles Soliva, Antonio Hernandez, Sergio Escalera, Oscar Vilarroya, & Petia Radeva. (2012). A Supervised Graph-cut Deformable Model for Brain MRI Segmentation. Deformation models: tracking, animation and applications. In Computational Vision and Biomechanics. LNCS. Springer Netherlands.
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Abel Gonzalez-Garcia, Robert Benavente, Olivier Penacchio, Javier Vazquez, Maria Vanrell, & C. Alejandro Parraga. (2013). Coloresia: An Interactive Colour Perception Device for the Visually Impaired. In Multimodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications (Vol. 48, pp. 47–66). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Abstract: A significative percentage of the human population suffer from impairments in their capacity to distinguish or even see colours. For them, everyday tasks like navigating through a train or metro network map becomes demanding. We present a novel technique for extracting colour information from everyday natural stimuli and presenting it to visually impaired users as pleasant, non-invasive sound. This technique was implemented inside a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) portable device. In this implementation, colour information is extracted from the input image and categorised according to how human observers segment the colour space. This information is subsequently converted into sound and sent to the user via speakers or headphones. In the original implementation, it is possible for the user to send its feedback to reconfigure the system, however several features such as these were not implemented because the current technology is limited.We are confident that the full implementation will be possible in the near future as PDA technology improves.
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Michal Drozdzal, Santiago Segui, Petia Radeva, Carolina Malagelada, Fernando Azpiroz, & Jordi Vitria. (2013). An Application for Efficient Error-Free Labeling of Medical Images. In Multimodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications (Vol. 48, pp. 1–16). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Abstract: In this chapter we describe an application for efficient error-free labeling of medical images. In this scenario, the compilation of a complete training set for building a realistic model of a given class of samples is not an easy task, making the process tedious and time consuming. For this reason, there is a need for interactive labeling applications that minimize the effort of the user while providing error-free labeling. We propose a new algorithm that is based on data similarity in feature space. This method actively explores data in order to find the best label-aligned clustering and exploits it to reduce the labeler effort, that is measured by the number of “clicks. Moreover, error-free labeling is guaranteed by the fact that all data and their labels proposals are visually revised by en expert.
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Ariel Amato, Ivan Huerta, Mikhail Mozerov, Xavier Roca, & Jordi Gonzalez. (2014). Moving Cast Shadows Detection Methods for Video Surveillance Applications. In Augmented Vision and Reality (Vol. 6, pp. 23–47). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Abstract: Moving cast shadows are a major concern in today’s performance from broad range of many vision-based surveillance applications because they highly difficult the object classification task. Several shadow detection methods have been reported in the literature during the last years. They are mainly divided into two domains. One usually works with static images, whereas the second one uses image sequences, namely video content. In spite of the fact that both cases can be analogously analyzed, there is a difference in the application field. The first case, shadow detection methods can be exploited in order to obtain additional geometric and semantic cues about shape and position of its casting object (‘shape from shadows’) as well as the localization of the light source. While in the second one, the main purpose is usually change detection, scene matching or surveillance (usually in a background subtraction context). Shadows can in fact modify in a negative way the shape and color of the target object and therefore affect the performance of scene analysis and interpretation in many applications. This chapter wills mainly reviews shadow detection methods as well as their taxonomies related with the second case, thus aiming at those shadows which are associated with moving objects (moving shadows).
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Marc Castello, Jordi Gonzalez, Ariel Amato, Pau Baiget, Carles Fernandez, Josep M. Gonfaus, et al. (2013). Exploiting Multimodal Interaction Techniques for Video-Surveillance. In Multimodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications Intelligent Systems Reference Library (Vol. 48, pp. 135–151). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Abstract: In this paper we present an example of a video surveillance application that exploits Multimodal Interactive (MI) technologies. The main objective of the so-called VID-Hum prototype was to develop a cognitive artificial system for both the detection and description of a particular set of human behaviours arising from real-world events. The main procedure of the prototype described in this chapter entails: (i) adaptation, since the system adapts itself to the most common behaviours (qualitative data) inferred from tracking (quantitative data) thus being able to recognize abnormal behaviors; (ii) feedback, since an advanced interface based on Natural Language understanding allows end-users the communicationwith the prototype by means of conceptual sentences; and (iii) multimodality, since a virtual avatar has been designed to describe what is happening in the scene, based on those textual interpretations generated by the prototype. Thus, the MI methodology has provided an adequate framework for all these cooperating processes.
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Cristhian Aguilera, M.Ramos, & Angel Sappa. (2012). Simulated Annealing: A Novel Application of Image Processing in the Wood Area. In Marcos de Sales Guerra Tsuzuki (Ed.), Simulated Annealing – Advances, Applications and Hybridizations (pp. 91–104).
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Fadi Dornaika, & Bogdan Raducanu. (2012). Analysis and Recognition of Facial Expressions in Videos Using Facial Shape Deformation. In S.E. Carter (Ed.), Facial Expressions: Dynamic Patterns, Impairments and Social Perceptions (pp. 157–178). NOVA Publishers.
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Jose Manuel Alvarez, & Antonio Lopez. (2012). Photometric Invariance by Machine Learning. In Jan-Mark Geusebroek Joost van de Weijer A. G. Theo Gevers (Ed.), Color in Computer Vision: Fundamentals and Applications (Vol. 7, pp. 113–134). iConcept Press Ltd.
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David Vazquez, Antonio Lopez, Daniel Ponsa, & David Geronimo. (2013). Interactive Training of Human Detectors. In Multiodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications (Vol. 48, pp. 169–182). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Abstract: Image based human detection remains as a challenging problem. Most promising detectors rely on classifiers trained with labelled samples. However, labelling is a manual labor intensive step. To overcome this problem we propose to collect images of pedestrians from a virtual city, i.e., with automatic labels, and train a pedestrian detector with them, which works fine when such virtual-world data are similar to testing one, i.e., real-world pedestrians in urban areas. When testing data is acquired in different conditions than training one, e.g., human detection in personal photo albums, dataset shift appears. In previous work, we cast this problem as one of domain adaptation and solve it with an active learning procedure. In this work, we focus on the same problem but evaluating a different set of faster to compute features, i.e., Haar, EOH and their combination. In particular, we train a classifier with virtual-world data, using such features and Real AdaBoost as learning machine. This classifier is applied to real-world training images. Then, a human oracle interactively corrects the wrong detections, i.e., few miss detections are manually annotated and some false ones are pointed out too. A low amount of manual annotation is fixed as restriction. Real- and virtual-world difficult samples are combined within what we call cool world and we retrain the classifier with this data. Our experiments show that this adapted classifier is equivalent to the one trained with only real-world data but requiring 90% less manual annotations.
Keywords: Pedestrian Detection; Virtual World; AdaBoost; Domain Adaptation
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David Roche, Debora Gil, & Jesus Giraldo. (2014). Mathematical modeling of G protein-coupled receptor function: What can we learn from empirical and mechanistic models? In G Protein-Coupled Receptors – Modeling and Simulation Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (Vol. 796, pp. 159–181). Springer Netherlands.
Abstract: Empirical and mechanistic models differ in their approaches to the analysis of pharmacological effect. Whereas the parameters of the former are not physical constants those of the latter embody the nature, often complex, of biology. Empirical models are exclusively used for curve fitting, merely to characterize the shape of the E/[A] curves. Mechanistic models, on the contrary, enable the examination of mechanistic hypotheses by parameter simulation. Regretfully, the many parameters that mechanistic models may include can represent a great difficulty for curve fitting, representing, thus, a challenge for computational method development. In the present study some empirical and mechanistic models are shown and the connections, which may appear in a number of cases between them, are analyzed from the curves they yield. It may be concluded that systematic and careful curve shape analysis can be extremely useful for the understanding of receptor function, ligand classification and drug discovery, thus providing a common language for the communication between pharmacologists and medicinal chemists.
Keywords: β-arrestin; biased agonism; curve fitting; empirical modeling; evolutionary algorithm; functional selectivity; G protein; GPCR; Hill coefficient; intrinsic efficacy; inverse agonism; mathematical modeling; mechanistic modeling; operational model; parameter optimization; receptor dimer; receptor oligomerization; receptor constitutive activity; signal transduction; two-state model
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Joan Mas, Gemma Sanchez, & Josep Llados. (2010). SSP: Sketching slide Presentations, a Syntactic Approach. In Graphics Recognition. Achievements, Challenges, and Evolution. 8th International Workshop, GREC 2009. Selected Papers (Vol. 6020, pp. 118–129). LNCS. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Abstract: The design of a slide presentation is a creative process. In this process first, humans visualize in their minds what they want to explain. Then, they have to be able to represent this knowledge in an understandable way. There exists a lot of commercial software that allows to create our own slide presentations but the creativity of the user is rather limited. In this article we present an application that allows the user to create and visualize a slide presentation from a sketch. A slide may be seen as a graphical document or a diagram where its elements are placed in a particular spatial arrangement. To describe and recognize slides a syntactic approach is proposed. This approach is based on an Adjacency Grammar and a parsing methodology to cope with this kind of grammars. The experimental evaluation shows the performance of our methodology from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. Six different slides containing different number of symbols, from 4 to 7, have been given to the users and they have drawn them without restrictions in the order of the elements. The quantitative results give an idea on how suitable is our methodology to describe and recognize the different elements in a slide.
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Mathieu Nicolas Delalandre, Jean-Yves Ramel, Ernest Valveny, & Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman. (2010). A Performance Characterization Algorithm for Symbol Localization. In Graphics Recognition. Achievements, Challenges, and Evolution. 8th International Workshop, GREC 2009. Selected Papers (Vol. 6020, 260–271). LNCS. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Abstract: In this paper we present an algorithm for performance characterization of symbol localization systems. This algorithm is aimed to be a more “reliable” and “open” solution to characterize the performance. To achieve that, it exploits only single points as the result of localization and offers the possibility to reconsider the localization results provided by a system. We use the information about context in groundtruth, and overall localization results, to detect the ambiguous localization results. A probability score is computed for each matching between a localization point and a groundtruth region, depending on the spatial distribution of the other regions in the groundtruth. Final characterization is given with detection rate/probability score plots, describing the sets of possible interpretations of the localization results, according to a given confidence rate. We present experimentation details along with the results for the symbol localization system of [1], exploiting a synthetic dataset of architectural floorplans and electrical diagrams (composed of 200 images and 3861 symbols).
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Marçal Rusiñol, K. Bertet, Jean-Marc Ogier, & Josep Llados. (2010). Symbol Recognition Using a Concept Lattice of Graphical Patterns. In Graphics Recognition. Achievements, Challenges, and Evolution. 8th International Workshop, GREC 2009. Selected Papers (Vol. 6020, pp. 187–198). LNCS. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Abstract: In this paper we propose a new approach to recognize symbols by the use of a concept lattice. We propose to build a concept lattice in terms of graphical patterns. Each model symbol is decomposed in a set of composing graphical patterns taken as primitives. Each one of these primitives is described by boundary moment invariants. The obtained concept lattice relates which symbolic patterns compose a given graphical symbol. A Hasse diagram is derived from the context and is used to recognize symbols affected by noise. We present some preliminary results over a variation of the dataset of symbols from the GREC 2005 symbol recognition contest.
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