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Xim Cerda-Company, C. Alejandro Parraga, & Xavier Otazu. (2018). Which tone-mapping operator is the best? A comparative study of perceptual quality. JOSA A - Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 35(4), 626–638.
Abstract: Tone-mapping operators (TMO) are designed to generate perceptually similar low-dynamic range images from high-dynamic range ones. We studied the performance of fifteen TMOs in two psychophysical experiments where observers compared the digitally-generated tone-mapped images to their corresponding physical scenes. All experiments were performed in a controlled environment and the setups were
designed to emphasize different image properties: in the first experiment we evaluated the local relationships among intensity-levels, and in the second one we evaluated global visual appearance among physical scenes and tone-mapped images, which were presented side by side. We ranked the TMOs according
to how well they reproduced the results obtained in the physical scene. Our results show that ranking position clearly depends on the adopted evaluation criteria, which implies that, in general, these tone-mapping algorithms consider either local or global image attributes but rarely both. Regarding the
question of which TMO is the best, KimKautz [1] and Krawczyk [2] obtained the better results across the different experiments. We conclude that a more thorough and standardized evaluation criteria is needed to study all the characteristics of TMOs, as there is ample room for improvement in future developments.
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C. Alejandro Parraga. (2017). Colours and Colour Vision: An Introductory Survey. PER - Perception, 46(5), 640–641.
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Xim Cerda-Company, Xavier Otazu, Nilai Sallent, & C. Alejandro Parraga. (2018). The effect of luminance differences on color assimilation. JV - Journal of Vision, 18(11), 10.
Abstract: The color appearance of a surface depends on the color of its surroundings (inducers). When the perceived color shifts towards that of the surroundings, the effect is called “color assimilation” and when it shifts away from the surroundings it is called “color contrast.” There is also evidence that the phenomenon depends on the spatial configuration of the inducer, e.g., uniform surrounds tend to induce color contrast and striped surrounds tend to induce color assimilation. However, previous work found that striped surrounds under certain conditions do not induce color assimilation but induce color contrast (or do not induce anything at all), suggesting that luminance differences and high spatial frequencies could be key factors in color assimilation. Here we present a new psychophysical study of color assimilation where we assessed the contribution of luminance differences (between the target and its surround) present in striped stimuli. Our results show that luminance differences are key factors in color assimilation for stimuli varying along the s axis of MacLeod-Boynton color space, but not for stimuli varying along the l axis. This asymmetry suggests that koniocellular neural mechanisms responsible for color assimilation only contribute when there is a luminance difference, supporting the idea that mutual-inhibition has a major role in color induction.
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Domicele Jonauskaite, Nele Dael, C. Alejandro Parraga, Laetitia Chevre, Alejandro Garcia Sanchez, & Christine Mohr. (2018). Stripping #The Dress: The importance of contextual information on inter-individual differences in colour perception. PSYCHO R - Psychological Research, , 1–15.
Abstract: In 2015, a picture of a Dress (henceforth the Dress) triggered popular and scientific interest; some reported seeing the Dress in white and gold (W&G) and others in blue and black (B&B). We aimed to describe the phenomenon and investigate the role of contextualization. Few days after the Dress had appeared on the Internet, we projected it to 240 students on two large screens in the classroom. Participants reported seeing the Dress in B&B (48%), W&G (38%), or blue and brown (B&Br; 7%). Amongst numerous socio-demographic variables, we only observed that W&G viewers were most likely to have always seen the Dress as W&G. In the laboratory, we tested how much contextual information is necessary for the phenomenon to occur. Fifty-seven participants selected colours most precisely matching predominant colours of parts or the full Dress. We presented, in this order, small squares (a), vertical strips (b), and the full Dress (c). We found that (1) B&B, B&Br, and W&G viewers had selected colours differing in lightness and chroma levels for contextualized images only (b, c conditions) and hue for fully contextualized condition only (c) and (2) B&B viewers selected colours most closely matching displayed colours of the Dress. Thus, the Dress phenomenon emerges due to inter-individual differences in subjectively perceived lightness, chroma, and hue, at least when all aspects of the picture need to be integrated. Our results support the previous conclusions that contextual information is key to colour perception; it should be important to understand how this actually happens.
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Xim Cerda-Company, & Xavier Otazu. (2019). Color induction in equiluminant flashed stimuli. JOSA A - Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 36(1), 22–31.
Abstract: Color induction is the influence of the surrounding color (inducer) on the perceived color of a central region. There are two different types of color induction: color contrast (the color of the central region shifts away from that of the inducer) and color assimilation (the color shifts towards the color of the inducer). Several studies on these effects have used uniform and striped surrounds, reporting color contrast and color assimilation, respectively. Other authors [J. Vis. 12(1), 22 (2012) [CrossRef] ] have studied color induction using flashed uniform surrounds, reporting that the contrast is higher for shorter flash duration. Extending their study, we present new psychophysical results using both flashed and static (i.e., non-flashed) equiluminant stimuli for both striped and uniform surrounds. Similarly to them, for uniform surround stimuli we observed color contrast, but we did not obtain the maximum contrast for the shortest (10 ms) flashed stimuli, but for 40 ms. We only observed this maximum contrast for red, green, and lime inducers, while for a purple inducer we obtained an asymptotic profile along the flash duration. For striped stimuli, we observed color assimilation only for the static (infinite flash duration) red–green surround inducers (red first inducer, green second inducer). For the other inducers’ configurations, we observed color contrast or no induction. Since other studies showed that non-equiluminant striped static stimuli induce color assimilation, our results also suggest that luminance differences could be a key factor to induce it.
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